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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if interdisciplinary therapy can influence the cardiometabolic and serum free fatty acid profile. The second aim was to evaluate if there is an association between serum free fatty acids, inflammation and cardiometabolic biomarkers in obese adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary therapy. The study involved 108 postpuberty obese adolescents, who were divided according to metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis: MetS (n=32) and Non-MetS (n=76). The interdisciplinary therapy consisted of a 1-year period of nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical support. After therapy, both groups improved metabolic, inflammatory (leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, adiponectin/leptin ratio and C-reactive protein) and cardiometabolic profile (PAI-1 and ICAM). Metabolic syndrome prevalence reduced from 28.70% to 12.96%. Both groups reduced myristic acid (C14:0) and increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3), heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5n3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). After adjustment for metabolic syndrome and the number of metabolic syndrome parameters, multiple regression analysis showed that changes in VCAM and PAI-1 were negatively associated with changes in cis-linoleic acid (C18:2n6c). Additionally, changes in trans-linoleic acid (C18:2n6t) were also positively associated with these biomarkers. Moreover, leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were negatively associated with changes in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3) and stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4n3). Adiponectin/leptin ratio was positively associated with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3). Changes in adiponectin were positively correlated with changes in omega 3, such as heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3). Results support that interdisciplinary therapy can control inflammatory and cardiometabolic profile in obese adolescents. Moreover, serum fatty acids can be influenced by lifestyle changes and are able to modulate these biomarkers., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the effect of interdisciplinary therapy on the physical and metabolic profiles, including body composition, insulin resistance and sensitivity as well as adiponectin and leptin concentrations, of obese adolescents with and without eating disorder symptoms., Methods: A total of 83 obese adolescents (28 with and 55 without eating disorder symptoms) were enrolled for 1 year of interdisciplinary weight-loss therapy (clinical, nutritional, exercise, physiotherapy and psychological). Bulimic and binge eating symptoms were measured by the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, and the Binge Eating Scale, respectively. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were assessed by ultrasonography., Results: Both groups demonstrated improved body mass, body mass index, body fat (%), lean mass, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance index (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides, adiponectin and leptin concentrations after therapy. We found a positive correlation between leptin concentrations and subcutaneous fat in the control group and a negative correlation between adiponectin concentrations and HOMA-IR and fat mass (%). The prevalence of obese adolescents with eating disorders was reduced by 89% after 1 year of interdisciplinary therapy., Conclusion: The eating disorder symptoms did not impair the metabolic state during weight loss therapy of obese adolescents. Additionally, long-term interdisciplinary therapy was effective in reducing the chances of developing several co-morbidities in both groups., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Purpose: This study compared the effects of caffeine in patients with primary insomnia and normal volunteers. The main goal was to determine the differences in sensitivity to caffeine between the groups. We investigated the effects on daytime sleep of placebo or caffeine after a night of total sleep deprivation (SD). We hypothesized that insomniacs would be more affected by caffeine, which would suggest a change in adenosine receptor (number or sensitivity) in primary insomniacs., Patients and Methods: Six primary insomnia patients (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)) and six normal volunteers with no sleep complaints participated in a double-blind study with caffeine or placebo administered under a cross-over design with each subject serving as his or her own control. The participants did not have a history of drinking coffee or caffeinated beverages. Data from all-night polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were collected in the sleep research laboratory of National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán., Results: During the baseline night, patients with insomnia had significantly less delta sleep and less total sleep time than the normal volunteers. Mean sleep latency under basal MSLT did not differ between the groups. However, insomnia patients had significantly less total sleep during each nap compared to normal volunteers. After one night of total SD and under caffeine administration, the insomniacs had significantly longer sleep latency and less total sleep time in MSLT compared to normal volunteers. After SD, healthy volunteers reduced sleep latencies in MSLT with or without caffeine., Conclusions: Patients with insomnia had a higher sensitivity to the diurnal awakening effect of caffeine even after one night of SD. This suggests that changes in the adenosine receptors could, in part, be responsible for the hyperarousal state that has been reported in primary insomnia.