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Intra-mandibular localization of adenoid cystic carcinoma is rare. This tumor is characterized by progressive local, regional, and distant aggressiveness. We reviewed the latest data on this rare type of cancer with a small number of reported cases, alack of consensus for its treatment, and its bad prognosis., (Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Introduction: Osteomas are benign bone tumors with a slow progressive growth. These lesions are predominantly located in craniofacial sinuses, but other locations including mandible have been described. Their etiopathogenesis remains controversial. We report a case of post-trauma mandibular osteoma. Gardner syndrome was ruled out., Observation: A 31-year-old female patient consulted for a peri-mandibular swelling present for the previous two years. On radiological examination, a bone sclerotic lesion was observed, located on the right lower mandibular edge. Patient history documented an initial trauma at the lesion site. Surgery was performed and anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of compact osteoma. There was no recurrence one year after surgery., Discussion: The etiopathogenesis of osteomas is controversial and several hypotheses are suggested. It is regarded as a true benign tumoral process, or abnormality of development, or as a reaction to trauma or infection. The development of osteoma after trauma has been described in several cases, notably in mandibular locations exposed to shocks (angle and lower edge). Multiple osteomas must mandatorily lead to screening for a Gardner's syndrome, because of the associated risk of colon cancer., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOT), as complications in Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS), occur early (before 20 years of age) and are usually more aggressive. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical, histological, and genetic phenotype, of these lesions and to define predictive features of aggressiveness., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied five patients presenting with one or several KOT with NBCCS. We collected their clinical, radiological, and therapeutic data, rate of recurrence or new localization. Anatomopathological examinations were reviewed systematically. Somatic PTCH, SMO and SMAD 4 sequencing were completed., Results: The average age at diagnosis was 11.2 years. The average number of KOT was 3.2 most often located in the molar region. All the cysts were enucleated. Anatomopathological examination revealed the presence of satellite cysts and daughter cysts and epithelial expansion in more than 80% of cases. No somatic mutation was observed among KOT., Discussion: KOT develop in the first 10 years, in patients presenting with NBCCS, and recurrence is observed in the second and third decade. KOT are typically aggressive and have a tendency to recur, especially in patients with NBCCS. Anatomopathological examination may be predictive of the lesion's aggressiveness. Understanding the genetic and immunological mechanisms should open the way for new medical treatment., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Development and growth of odontogenic tumours depend on impairment of numerous genes and molecules. In recent years, most of the genes involved in dental development were identified. This produced a new basis for the study of oral pathology and maxillofacial carcinogenesis. A better understanding of these molecular phenomena should allow to better determine the evolution of such lesions. Research breakthroughs should facilitate the development of new molecular and genetic therapeutic perspectives.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma developed around dental implants has seldom been described. It simulates peri-implantitis. The authors present two cases and a literature review., Case Reports: A 70 year-old woman presented with an exophytic tumor developed around dental implants placed in the anterior part of the mandible. Panoramic X-rays showed major osteolysis, especially around the distal abutment implants. A 72 year-old patient, smoker, presented with chronic lichen planus; he was carrying two implants supporting an overdenture with ball-attachments, placed 15 years before. He presented with an ulcerated symphyseal tumor, bone loss around implant in position 43. The implant had been spontaneously pushed out. In both cases the diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma., Discussion: Few cases of squamous cell carcinoma developed around dental implants have been reported. They initially mimic peri-implantitis. The carcinogenic role of the implant has never been established. Another hypothesis is the migration of malignant cells, originating from a mucosal tumor, through the sulcus. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma (smoking or alcohol consumption, precancerous lesions) are an indication for a permanent follow-up. Biopsies will prove the diagnosis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner syndrome are mendelian dominant inherited conditions. Both diseases are linked to mutations on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q21) referred to as the adenomatous polyposis locus. Gardner syndrome involves endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal layers. Nondigestive and maxillofacial lesions such as osteomas, odontomas, epidermoid inclusion cysts can disclose the syndrome. Colorectal cancer is the most important factor of prognosis.

The incidence of osteomyelitis of the jaw has declined. Outcome is favorable with antibiotic therapy and surgery. We report a case in a women who experienced an unfavorable course with massive progressive diffusion, complicated by neoplastic conversion.

A case of mandibular cystic adenoid carcinoma was observed in a 49-year-old man. After slow progression, the diagnosis was directed to mandibular pseudocystic tumor. The treatment was enucleoresection. Histological findings in this exceptionnal lesion led to a discussion of the radioclinical diagnosis and etiopathogenic features of adenoide cystic carcinoma. The origin of this tumor is hypothesized to be heterotopic salivary inclusion although no histologicaly proof can be provided.

The diagnosis of a mucoepidermoid tumor of the mandible has been made by pathological examination. This asymptomatic tumor was discovered on a routine radiographic film. Our 44 years old male patient was treated by surgical means. We have found 62 cases in the literature; intra-osseous cases of mucoepidermoid tumor seem to be rather scarce. Let us recall the presence of salivary glands in the mandible, a possible explanation of the occurrence of intra-osseous glandular tumor.

Tumours of cartilaginous origin dominate the group of tumours of the mandibular condyles. These cartilaginous tumours consist in fact of hyperplasia of the growth zone or osteochondroma in the young adult or reawakening of the latter in the older adult in whom an occlusion problem originally is not without aetiological interest. Osteomas of the condyles are stabilised and ossified forms of such hypercondylism. Other tumours may be seen and are related to the original cell. Malignant tumours are rare.

Intramandibular salivary inclusions and ectopia concern the main salivary glands. The most common takes the form of a regular well-defined lacunar appearance situated at the mandibular angle or molar region. This asymptomatic inclusions is in fact only the imprint of a lobule of the sub-mandibular gland on the mandible. More rarely, the parotid gland and sublingual gland may also be responsible for a lacunar radiological appearance in the mandible. By contrast, a few ectopic glandular lobules of the sublingual may be completely induced at the site of the mandibular symphsis. Salivary inclusions and ectopia thus result from two different aerio-pathogenic mechanisms.