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Purpose: The purpose of this consensus article was to develop guidelines by a focused panel of experts to elaborate a lexicon of image interpretation, and a standardized region-based reporting of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)., Materials and Methods: Evidence-based data and expert opinion were combined using the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method to attain consensus guidelines. Experts scoring of pelvic compartment delineation and reporting template were collected; responses were analyzed and classified as "RECOMMENDED" versus "NOT RECOMMENDED" (when ≥ 80% consensus among experts) or uncertain (when < 80% consensus among experts)., Results: Consensus regarding pelvic compartment delineation and DIE reporting was attained using the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method. The pelvis was divided in nine compartments and extrapelvic lesions were assigned to an additional (tenth) compartment. A consensus was also reached for each structure attributed to a compartment and each reporting template item among the experts. No consensus was reached for a normal aspect of uterosacral ligament, but a consensus was reached for an unequivocal involvement leading to a positive diagnosis and an equivocal involvement leading to uncertain diagnosis. Tailored MRI lexicon and standardized region-based report were proposed., Conclusion: These consensus recommendations should be used as a guide for DIE reporting and staging with MRI. Standardized MRI compartment-based structured reporting is recommended to enable consistent accuracy and help select the best therapeutic approach., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Pascal Rousset declares consultancies for ZIWIG and EDAP TMS France. François Golfier declares consultancies for ZIWIG. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in locating endometriosis implants within the bladder wall with assessment of ureteral orifice extension using surgical findings as standard of reference., Materials and Methods: MRI examinations of 39 consecutive women (mean age: 31.2±5.5 [SD] years; age range: 22-42years) operated in 3 university hospitals for bladder endometriosis over a 6-year period were reviewed by 2 independent readers. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Kappa tests. Results of consensus reading were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for the diagnosis, location and extent of endometriosis implants using surgical findings as the standard of reference., Results: Mean bladder repletion volume was 134±110 [SD] mL (range: 21-479mL). The mean largest endometriosis implant diameter was 30±7 [SD] mm (range: 19-41mm). On MR images, 34/39 (87%) endometriosis implants were present in the two anterior thirds of the dome (k=0.45), 31/39 (79%) extended or were present in the posterior third pouch (k=0.92) and 25/39 (64%) extended into the bladder base (k=0.84) with sensitivities of 100% (31/31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89-100%), 100% (30/30; 95% CI: 88-100%) and 90% (19/21; 95% CI: 69-98%), respectively, specificities of 83% (5/6, 95% CI: 36-100), 88% (7/8, 95% CI: 47-100%), 87% (13/15; 95% CI: 52-96), respectively and accuracies of 97% (36/37, 95% CI: 86-100%), 97% (37/38; 95% CI: 86-100%), and 89% (32/36; 95% CI: 74-97%), respectively. In 9 (9/25; 36%) patients with bladder base involvement, a zero distance was reported between endometriosis implants and ureteral orifices, all but one presenting with low-to-moderate bladder volumes. In the two patients who needed ureteral resection-reimplantation, ureteral dilation was associated with a zero distance. External adenomyosis was reported in 26/39 (66%) patients (k=0.94)., Conclusion: A dedicated preoperative MRI work-up for bladder endometriosis helps accurately depict and locate endometriosis implants. Adequate bladder filling is needed to improve appropriate estimate of the distance between endometriosis implants and ureteral orifices to better predict requirement of ureteral resection-reimplantation., (Copyright © 2020 Société française de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Endometriosis is a frequent pathology with a high incidence of deep infiltrating endometriosis and complex forms that can affect 20% of patients with endometriosis. The incidence of infertility associated with endometriosis can reach 50%. The complexity of care requires the creation of expert centers working in networks with general practitioners. Criteria for defining these expert centers are being drawn up, based on structural criteria (multidisciplinary consultation meeting), links with medical assistance structures for procreation and activity criteria for severe and complex forms (number of interventions per center and per surgeon)., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

A recent hypothesis has stated that many ovarian cancers (especially high-grade serous histotype) could arise from the distal part of the fallopian tube. On one hand we know that risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective prevention for ovarian cancer among BRCA mutation carriers. On the other, oophorectomy increases the relative risk for cardiovascular, osteoporotic psychosexual and cognitive dysfunctions in premenopausal women. This raises the question whether bilateral salpingectomy could be an effective strategy in the prevention of ovarian cancer in case of hereditary predisposition and in the general population. Here we discuss origin of ovarian cancer in the light of the latest molecular studies and the relative risks and benefits of a strategy of exclusive salpingectomy in comparison with the classical adnexectomy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The majority of breast lesions in men are benign. Gynaecomastia is a very common condition in which hormonal changes cause male breasts to enlarge. Three radiological patterns of gynaecomastia have been described: nodular, dendritic, and diffuse glandular pattern. The main differential diagnosis is lipomastia, which is when adipose tissue deposits are found in the subcutaneous tissue. Male breast cancer is rare. The main risk factors are pathologies that cause hormonal imbalances, a history of chest irradiation, and a family history of breast cancer (particularly in families carrying a mutation of the gene BRCA2). Mammography usually shows a mass with no calcifications. Sonography is useful to investigate local disease spread, and for detecting any enlarged axillary lymph nodes. MRI is not currently indicated to investigate male breast cancer. Very often, the clinical examination alone is enough to distinguish benign lesions from malignant lesions. Imaging must not be automatically carried out, but rather it should be used when the diagnosis is clinically uncertain or when patients present risk factors for breast cancer, as well as for guiding biopsies and for assessing disease spread., (Copyright © 2012 Éditions françaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

DECLINING INCIDENCE: Between 1982 and 1994, the incidence of rubella infections during pregnancy in France declined form 45 to 9 cases per 100,000 births. The incidence of congenital rubella declined from 5 to 0.85 per 100,000 births. These results are the fruit of systematic vaccination of 1-year-old children in France. Eradication of congenital rubella has been achieved in Sweden and requires further efforts to be obtained in our country. SEROLOGY: Physicians must systematically check rubella serologies in all women desiring pregnancy and/or of reproductive age even if they have been vaccinated. Rubella serology must be checked in all pregnant women even if they were seropositive during a prior pregnancy. IN CASE OF EXPOSURE OR ERUPTION DURING PREGNANCY: Serology must be obtained as early as possible in case of suspected rubella infection during pregnancy with a second serology 3 weeks later. The IgM titre should be obtained in case of suspected exposure with significant rise in IgG in successive serologies, if specific IgG titre is elevated after an eruption, if the first serum sample was taken late after suspected exposure, and finally if a systematic serology early in pregnancy is positive after a previously negative serology. ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS: PCR on amniotic fluid or fetal blood is indicated if a seroversion occurs before 18 weeks gestation. Therapeutic termination of pregnancy should be proposed if fetal infection is certain. After 18 weeks, there is nearly no risk for the fetus: an antenatal diagnostic sample is not required and ultrasound surveillance is sufficient.