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Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), underestimated in this population. The high mortality related to CVD reveals the need for early screening. One of the training tools is the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). However, few studies evaluate its relationship with metabolic changes in severe obesity, making necessary a new cut-off point., Method: Cross-sectional study with 75 Brazilian women with severe obesity (mean age: 37,6 years; weight of 122 kg and body mass index (BMI) of 47,8 kg/m 2 ). Height, weight, neck circumference (NC), hip (HC), waist (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained. Blood samples were collected for lipid/glucose profile. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was explored to define cut-off points for WHR based on SAH. Women were compared using the t-Student/Mann Whitney test. Pearson/Spearman correlations were performed, and the significance level was set at 5%., Results: The ROC curve indicated that WHR ≥0.92 best predicted SAH. The group with WHR ≥0.92 had higher Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.037), insulin (p = 0.037), NC (p = 0.004), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) (p = 0.038). WHR correlated with NC (p = 0.002; r = 0.358), glucose (p = 0.026; r = 0.270); insulin (p = 0.05; r = 0.238); HOMA-IR (p = 0.01; r = 0.3238), triglycerides (p = 0.006; r = 329) and AIP (p = 0.02; r = 0.370)., Conclusions: A new cut-off point for WHR related to SAH in severe obesity is suggested., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background & Aims: It is well known that dietary fiber positively impacts the microbiome and health as a whole. However, the health effects of β-glucan, a dietary fiber extracted from oats, have been questioned when administered alone or incorporated into other foods. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of oats or β-glucan supplements on the lipid profile., Methods: Randomized controlled trials with parallel-arm or crossover blinded interventions at least two weeks in duration, for hyperlipidemic or non-hyperlipidemic men and women ≥18 years of age were selected. Only single (participants blinded) or double-blinded studies that compared oat or isolated β-glucan with a placebo/control group were considered for this review. The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of science and CINHAL were searched, from the earliest indexed year available online to the end of January 2022. Random-effects models were used to combine the estimated effects extracted from individual studies, and data were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)., Results: A total of 811 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 28 studies, totaling 1494 subjects. Oat interventions TC (-0.61, 95%CI: -0.84;-0.39, p < 0.00001, and -0.70, 95%CI: -1.07;-0.34, p = 0.0002, respectively) and LDL (-0.51, 95%CI: -0.71;-0.31, p < 0.00001, and -0.38, 95%CI: -0.60;-0.15, p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, isolated β-glucan interventions from parallel-arm studies decreased TC (-0.73, 95%CI: -1.01;-0.45, p < 0.00001), LDL (-0.58, 95%CI: -0.85;-0.32, p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (-0.30, 95%CI: -0.49;-0.12, p = 0.001). HDL was not altered by either oat or isolated β-glucan (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: Overall, this review showed that both oat and isolated β-glucan interventions improved lipid profiles. Furthermore, the ingestion of oats or isolated β-glucan supplements are effective tools to combat dyslipidemia and should be considered in cardiovascular disease prevention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report there are no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aims: Dysfunctional eating behaviors may be associated with weight gain and have a negative impact on obesity. Intuitive eating is a strategy that helps with changing eating behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the effects of intuitive eating alone or combined with nutritional guidelines on eating behaviors, weight, and body mass index (BMI), in individuals with obesity., Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial of 58 individuals (84.5% females and 84.5% candidates for bariatric surgery). The mean age was 40.5 years (SD = 9.1). The mean BMI was 48.3 kg/m 2 (SD = 7.4). Individuals were randomized into three groups: 1) the control group (CG; n = 18), who received an individualized meal plan, 2) the intuitive eating group (IEG; n = 23), and 3) the intuitive eating and nutritional guidelines application group (IEGDG; n = 17). The study lasted for six months. Eating behaviors were assessed using the Binge Eating Scale and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, the 21-item version., Results: Compared with the CG, the IEG and IEGDG did not differ in binge eating, cognitive restriction, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating. Likewise, there were no significant differences in weight and BMI., Conclusions: Intuitive eating alone or in combination with nutritional guidelines did not alter the general domains of eating behaviors, weight, and BMI in individuals with obesity. We suggest further studies involving other health professionals, as well as evaluating the effects of intuitive eating using scales, in addition to eating behaviors., Clinical Trial Registration: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br6, Identifier: RBR-7q9nj8., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aims: Folate is an indispensable nutrient in human food and its deficiency may affect growth and development, and influence the risk of infant morbidity and mortality. The objective was to analyze the consumption of folic acid and its association with socioeconomic, environmental, maternal and anthropometric data of children aged 12-14 months assisted in Family Health Strategy units in a Brazilian capital., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study included in a pragmatic clinical trial conducted with 101 children. Food intake was analyzed by means of a 24-h recall, a simple and multiple linear regression analysis was performed in a hierarchical model, and the outcome variable Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE) was calculated. A hierarchical model was used at three levels (distal: sociodemographic; medial processes: maternal characteristics; proximal: individual processes of the child) in the adjustment of the model, in which the variables presenting p < 0.20 in the crude analysis were inserted in the adjusted analysis, from distal to proximal block, in the increasing order of magnitude of association with the outcome., Results: Regarding folic acid consumption, 10.9% (n = 11) of children presented deficiency according to the calculated DFE considering the evaluation by Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and 42.6% (n = 43) had excessive intake according to the calculated DFE considering the evaluation by the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). After multiple linear regression analysis flour intake was associated with an increase in DFE intake by 2.05 μg (95% CI: 1.72-2.45) and the presence of at least one more child under 5 years of age with an increase in DFE intake by 0.77 μg (95% CI: 0.67-0.89), while receiving the Bolsa Família Program is associated with an increase in DFE intake by 1.39 μg (95% CI: 1.07-1.65) in the model adjusted for birthweight and maternal age, regardless of the child's age., Conclusion: Data from this study showed low prevalence of deficient consumption and high percentage of excessive consumption of folic acid in the children. In addition, receiving the Bolsa Família Program, consuming flour and the number of children under 5 years of age were positively associated with the calculated DFE., (Copyright © 2021 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background & Aims: The impact of Type 1 diabetes on adolescence can have consequences on the quality of life (QoL), which can affect its growth, development and management of the disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the QoL related to the health of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and if socioeconomic, demographic, clinical and anthropometric factors can be associated with it., Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) of both sexes and between 10 and 18 years old. QoL was assessed by the Quality of Life Instrument for Young Diabetics (total score and its dimensions - Satisfaction, Impact and Concerns) and socioeconomic and demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were evaluated., Results: Among 53 adolescents with T1DM, more than 13% of adolescents rated QoL as poor. The worst QoL in the Satisfaction dimension was associated with overweight, assessed by the body mass index; the increased cardiometabolic risk, assessed by waist circumference; the adolescent's later age at diagnosis (11-17 years); and the adolescent's older age (15-18 years). The worst QoL assessed in the Impact dimension was associated with the female sex. The Concerns dimension and the Total QoL score were not associated with socioeconomic and demographic, clinical, and anthropometric variables., Conclusions: We conclude that the QoL Satisfaction dimension of adolescents with T1DM is associated with their age, age at diagnosis, overweight and increased waist circumference, while the Impact dimension is associated with sex, and the Concerns dimension and the Total QoL score were not associated with the factors studied. Knowing the importance of QoL and its related factors, it is necessary to propose health activities and strategies for the all-around improvement of these patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)