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Addressing the urgent need to effectively manage landfill leachate as a harmful flow for human health and the environment, this research investigates how electrocoagulation (EC) processes could alleviate the pollution potential of leachate. So far, no experimental study has been carried out on reducing the leachate pollution index (LPI) under the EC process. For this purpose, in this novel research, the LPI was utilized as a key metric to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment process. Central Composite Design (CCD) as a subset of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to enhance the LPI parameters decreasing percentage. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and multivariate regression and 3D plots assessed variable interactions. Under optimal conditions, it showed removal of 97.48 % for COD, 91.42 % for BOD 5 , 98.52 % for N-NH 3 , and 91.6 % for TDS. Significant reductions were observed in 94.81 % TKN, 87.20 %, 82.80 %, 96.66 %, and 99.28 %, 99.18 %, and 96.56 % for TKN, Cl - , CN - , As, Cr, Zn, and Ni, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of COD removal indicated that it follows a first-order model. Thus, based on experimental results, the LPI of raw leachate decreased from 38.06 to 7.22 (81 % decrease) under the EC treatment method. The study indicated that the EC treatment method successfully reduced leachate pollution and met the leachate discharge standard., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

In the study, the proliferation of industries has been associated with an increase in the production of industrial wastewater and subsequent environmental pollution, wherein dyes emerge as prominent pollutants. The characteristics of nanoclay modified with octadecylamine, were elucidated throughvarious techniques, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis (BET). The research delved into the impact of variables such as pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature, and ultrasonication time on the removal of Acid Black 1 (AB1) through an ultrasonic process, employing a central composite design (CCD). Optimal conditions for the adsorption process were determined: pH at 5.46, adsorbent mass at 4 mg/30 mL, initial dye concentration at 20 mg/L, ultrasound time at 20 min, and temperature at 50 °C, resulting in a remarkable 96.49% adsorption efficiency. The fitting of experimental equilibrium data to different isotherm models, including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin, indicated thatthe Freundlich model was the most suitable. Analysis of the adsorption data with various kinetic models such as pseudo-first and second-order models, and intraparticle diffusion models, revealed the applicability of the second-order equation model. A thermodynamic study unveiled that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant capability ofmontmorillonite nanoclay modified with octadecylamine in removing AB1 dye, rendering it a viable option for wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)