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Current water warming and freshwater acidification undoubtedly affect the life of aquatic animals especially ammonotelic teleost by altering their physiological responses. The effect of temperature (28 °C vs 32 °C) and pH (7 vs. 5) on the metabolic compromising strategies of Hoven's carp ( Leptobarbus hoevenii ) was investigated in this study. Fishes were conditioned to (i) 28 °C + pH 7 (N 28°C ); (ii) 32 °C + pH 7 (N 32°C ); (iii) 28 °C + pH 5 (L 28°C ) and (iv) 32 °C + pH 5 (L 32°C ) for 20 days followed by osmorespiration assay. Results showed that feeding performance of Hoven's carp was significantly depressed when exposed to low pH conditions (L 28°C and L 32°C ). However, by exposed Hoven's carp to L 32°C induced high metabolic oxygen intake and ammonia excretion to about 2x-folds higher compared to the control group. As for energy mobilization, Hoven's carp mobilized liver and muscle protein under L 28°C condition. Whereas under high temperature in both pH, Hoven's carp had the tendency to reserve energy in both of liver and muscle. The findings of this study revealed that Hoven's carp is sensitive to lower water pH and high temperature, thereby they remodeled their physiological needs to cope with the environmental changes condition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Effect of duration of birth depression on neurodevelopmental outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is not known. We examined the association of birth depression with brain injury, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and hypothermia after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in south Asia., Methods: We compared cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) at 2 weeks, and adverse outcomes (death or moderate or severe disability) at 18 months in 408 babies with moderate or severe HIE who had long birth depression (positive pressure ventilation (PPV) >10 min or Apgar score<6 at 10 min or cord pH < 7.0) and short birth depression (PPV for 5-10 min or Apgar score<6 at 5 min, but ≥6 at 10 min)., Findings: Long depression group (n = 201) had more severe HIE (32.8% versus 6.8%), mortality (47.5% versus 26.4%), death or disability at 18 months (62.2% versus 35.4%) (all p < 0.001), MR injury (Odds ratio; 95% CI) to basal ganglia (2.4 (1.3, 4.1); p = 0.003), posterior limb of internal capsule (2.3 (1.3, 4.3); p < 0.001) and white matter (1.7 (1.1, 2.7); p = 0.021), and lower thalamic N-acetylaspartate levels (7.69 ± 1.84 versus 8.29 ± 1.60); p = 0.031) than short depression group (n = 207). Three babies had no heartbeat at 5 min, of which 1 died and 2 survived with severe disability. No significant interaction between the duration of birth depression and whole-body hypothermia was seen for any of the MR biomarker or clinical outcomes., Interpretation: Long birth depression was associated with more brain injury and adverse outcomes than short depression. Effect of hypothermia was not modified by duration of birth depression., Funding: National Institute for Health Research., Competing Interests: None., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Understanding spatial change and its driving factors behind coastal development is essential for coastal management and restoration. There is an urgent need for quantitative assessments of sustainable development in the coastal ecosystems that are most affected by anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study built a theme-based evaluation methodology with the Natural-Economic-Social (NES) complex ecosystem and proposed an evaluation system of coastal sustainable development (CSD) to understand the complex interactions between coastal ecosystems and anthropogenic activities. The approach revealed the levels of coastal natural, economic, and social sustainable development in the countries along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) from 2010 to 2020. The results showed (1) a decreasing trend for coastal sustainable development between 2010 and 2015 and a rapid increasing trend between 2015 and 2020; (2) spatially varied CSD, with higher levels in Europe and Southeast Asia and lower levels in South and West Asia and North Africa; and (3) a strong influence on CSD by a combination of economic and social factors and relatively little influence by natural factors. The study further assessed the natural, economic, and social development scores for 41 countries and compared them with the mean scores (MSR) to classify coastal development patterns into three stages (favorable, transitional, and unfavorable). Finally, in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the study highlighted the importance of more refined global indicators for CSD assessments., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The pedagogy method academicians in the Kurdistan Region follow has not been reformed since 1992. There is a need to test different pedagogical beliefs, including constructivist and traditional pedagogical beliefs. This study examined the effect of pedagogical beliefs on technology adoption among university lecturers. The present study extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by including lecturers' pedagogical beliefs and examining them in Arab counties. A questionnaire was distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 393 data were collected from university lecturers. The study examined how the constructivist and traditional pedagogical beliefs influence the model's three constructs: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and actual use. This study has new finding that contributes to TAM, and the reasons are deliberated., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)