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We analyse household resilience capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the fishing communities along Lake Malawi by using FAO's resilience index measurement assessment (RIMA) methodology. The study is based on a sample of 400 households, and we employ the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model to estimate resilience capacities. The model uses household food security indicators as development outcomes. Our findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduces household food security and resilience capacity. COVID-19 shocks that significantly reduce household resilience capacities are death and illness of a household member. Important pillars for resilience building are assets, access to basic services and adaptive capacity. These findings point to the need to build assets of the households, build their adaptive capacity, and identify innovative ways of improving access to basic services to build household resilience capacities in the fishing communities. We recommend providing external support to households that have been directly affected by the pandemic through the death or illness of a member because their capacities to bounce back on their own significantly declines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)