1. Seasonal variation in bioactive properties and phenolic composition of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) bracts
- Author
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Filipa Mandim, José Pinela, Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Lillian Barros, Marina Kostić, Celestino Santos-Buelga, Maria Inês Dias, and Marina Soković
- Subjects
Thiobarbituric acid ,Cell Survival ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Cynara ,Antimicrobial activity ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Nitric Oxide ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Phenols ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,TBARS ,Animals ,Humans ,Food science ,Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory ,Seasonal changes ,Caffeoylquinic acid ,Cynara cardunculus ,2. Zero hunger ,Bract ,biology ,Cytotoxic activity ,Chemistry ,Plant Extracts ,Macrophages ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Fungi ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Haemolysis ,040401 food science ,Phenolic compounds ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Leaves ,RAW 264.7 Cells ,Polyphenol ,Composition (visual arts) ,Seasons ,Food Science - Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) bracts were collected at different maturation stages to investigate seasonal changes in the phenolic compounds profile and in vitro bioactivities. Among the 12 phenolic compounds tentatively identified, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (21.83 mg/g extract) and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (10.6 mg/g extract) were the most abundant. Immature bracts (C1: principal growth stage (PGS) 5) had the highest phenolic compounds content, and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 72 µg/mL) and cytotoxic (GI50 of 30–79 µg/mL) activities. Moreover, extract C1 inhibited efficiently the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; IC50 = 26.8 µg/mL), while extract C8 (PGS 8/9) was more effective against oxidative haemolysis (IC50 38 and 75 µg/mL). The highest antibacterial and antifungal activities were attributed to samples C1 and C6 (PGS 7/8) and samples C2 (PGS 5/6) and C4 (PGS 6/7), respectively. Overall, the obtained results suggest the seasonal changes of polyphenolic composition and bioactivity of cardoon bracts of variable maturity. The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). National funding by FCT, through the institutional scientific employment program-contract with M.I. Dias, J. Pinela, and L. Barros. To FCT for the PhD grant (SFRH/BD/146614/2019) of F. Mandim. The authors are also grateful to FEDERInterreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E; to the project TRANSCoLAB (0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P), and to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200007). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021