1. Precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma – histology and biomarkers: A systematic review
- Author
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Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers, Patricia C. Ewing-Graham, Senada Koljenović, Vincent Noordhoek Hegt, Folkert J. van Kemenade, Shatavisha Dasgupta, Peter J. van der Spek, Helena C. van Doorn, Pathology, and Gynecological Oncology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Vulva ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Atypia ,Humans ,Papillomaviridae ,Vulvar Neoplasms ,biology ,business.industry ,Carcinoma in situ ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Histology ,Hematology ,Uterine Cervical Dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia ,biology.organism_classification ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Squamous intraepithelial lesion ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,business ,Carcinoma in Situ - Abstract
The precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), namely vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), is classified as: human papillomavirus (HPV)-related high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and HPV-independent differentiated VIN (dVIN). Traditionally, histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been the basis of diagnosis and classification of VIN. HSIL shows conspicuous histological atypia, and positivity on p16-IHC, whereas dVIN shows less obvious histological atypia, and overexpression or null-pattern on p53-IHC. For both types of VIN, other diagnostic immunohistochemical markers have also been evaluated. Molecular characterization of VIN has been attempted in few recent studies, and novel genotypic subtypes of HPV-independent VSCC and VIN have been identified. This systematic review appraises the VSCC precursors identified so far, focusing on histology and biomarkers (immunohistochemical and molecular). To gain further insights into the carcinogenesis and to identify additional potential biomarkers, gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets on VSCC were analyzed; the results are presented.
- Published
- 2020