1. Receptors and ligands involved in viral induction of type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- Author
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Siamon Gordon, Rosalind E. Seeds, and Joanna L. Miller
- Subjects
PRR, pattern recognition receptor ,ssRNA, single-stranded RNA ,viruses ,MCMV, mouse cytomegalovirus ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Ligands ,TLRs, Toll-like receptors ,pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells ,Interferon ,Immunology and Allergy ,SR-A, type I and type II class A scavenger receptor ,SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus ,HA, haemagglutinin ,NIPC, natural interferon producing cell ,RIG-I ,SP, surfactant protein ,MDA5 ,Hematology ,Acquired immune system ,NA, neuraminidase ,HIV, human immunodeficiency virus ,Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ,PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells ,HCV, hepatitis C virus ,Interferon Type I ,Viruses ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,DCs, dendritic cells ,medicine.drug ,TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus ,Immunology ,Mda5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Biology ,Virus ,Article ,PKR, protein kinase R ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,IFN, interferon ,Type I interferon ,MHV, mouse hepatitis virus ,MBL, mannose-binding lectin ,HCMV, human cytomegalovirus ,Innate immune system ,HPIV, human parainfluenza virus ,mAb, monoclonal antibodies ,Dendritic Cells ,Type I interferon production ,MR, mannose receptor ,Protein kinase R ,Virology ,Viral glycoprotein ,HEK, human embryonic kidney cells ,RIG-I, retinoic acid inducible gene-I ,NDV, Newcastle disease virus ,polyI:C, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid ,siRNA, small interfering RNA ,dsRNA, double-stranded RNA ,HSV, herpes simplex virus ,RSV, respiratory syncytial virus - Abstract
Virus infection is sensed by the innate immune system which then rapidly initiates biosynthesis of type I interferon (IFN). The IFN signaling systems produce a broadly effective innate antiviral response by creating an antiviral state in both an autocrine and paracrine manner in cells and by activating innate and adaptive immunity. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have the unique ability to produce very high levels of type I IFN following viral infection in vivo. Most recent research has focused on oligonucleotide-mediated induction of type I IFN production, implicating viral genome and replication intermediates as the stimulus for this response. However there are additional viral ligands which can potentially induce type I IFN production in pDCs, such as envelope glycoproteins, viral glycolipids, tegument, capsid or nuclear proteins. This area of viral immunology, which has been neglected in the literature, will be discussed here.
- Published
- 2006