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Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or popcorn-like calcification patterns. MRI shows hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences and a lobulated or septal relief in postcontrast images. In the WHO 2020 classification, chondral tumours are classified as benign, intermediate or malignant. Despite technological advances, they continue to pose a challenge for both the radiologist and the pathologist, being the main difficulty the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the main changes introduced in the 2020 update, describes the imaging characteristics of the main cartilaginous tumours and provides the radiological keys to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Meato-mastoid fistula is a connection between the external auditory canal and the mastoid cavity. It may be iatrogenic or pathological. The repair of these focal canal wall defects is necessary to prevent retraction pockets or sequential cholesteatoma and attain relief from otorrhoea., Aim/objective: To study the effectiveness of an innovative technique for repair of meato-mastoid fistula (less than or equal to 10mm in size) in the bony external auditory canal., Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 5 surgeries performed in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2017 for the repair of posterior bony canal wall defects. Active ear disease was ruled out before the repair. We used full-thickness butterfly tragal cartilage graft for the repair of these fistulae. All our surgeries were endoscopic and sutureless., Results: The butterfly tragal cartilage graft was in situ at the repair site and viable on examination at 2 years follow-up, in all our cases., Conclusion and Significance: Small posterior canal wall defects can be successfully repaired using this technique. The method is minimally invasive and cosmetic, with good patient compliance. The curling property of the cartilage graft is exploited effectively in this method of repair., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: (1) To compare the results of graft take-up and audiological outcome of temporalis fascia versus island cartilage graft in type 1 tympanoplasty. (2) To compare the rate of postoperative retraction of neotympanum in both., Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 70 patients of ages ranging from 11 to 50 years with dry subtotal perforation. 35 underwent island cartilage tympanoplasty and 35 underwent type 1 tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft. Graft acceptance rates and post-operative audiograms were compared., Results: At one year follow up, the graft take-up rate for temporalis fascia and island cartilage graft were found to be 82.9% and 97.1% respectively, which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the temporalis fascia group, two out of 35 patients (5.7%) had retraction of the neo tympanum. There was no incidence of retraction using island cartilage graft. There was no significant difference in the postoperative air-bone gap gain between temporalis fascia graft and island cartilage graft., Conclusion: Island cartilage tympanoplasty shows a high degree of reliability in high risk cases. It has a higher graft take-up rate with no incidence of retraction of neotympanum. Moreover, it provided significant hearing improvement in our patients., (Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and accuracy of direct MR arthrography in the diagnosis of intra-articular lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement., Material and Methods: We used direct MR arthrography to study 51 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery. Surgery demonstrated 37 labral tears, 44 lesions in the labral-chondral transitional zone, and 40 lesions of the articular cartilage. We correlated the findings at preoperative direct MR arthrography with those of hip arthroscopy and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and validity index for direct MR arthrography., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of MR arthrography were 94.5% and 100%, respectively, for diagnosing labral tears, 100% and 87.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the labral-chondral transition zone, and 92.5% and 54.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the articular cartilage. The negative predictive value of MR arthrography for lesions of the labral-chondral transitional zone was 100%. MR arthrography accurately defined extensive lesions of the cartilage and the secondary osseous changes (the main factor in poor prognosis), although its diagnostic performance was not so good in small chondral lesions., Conclusion: In patients with femoroacetabular impingement, direct MR arthrography can adequately detect and characterize lesions of the acetabular labrum and of the labral-chondral transitional zone as well as extensive lesions of the articular cartilage and secondary osseous changes., (Copyright © 2013 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)