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Objective: To characterize the orofacial abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare them with those in a reference population., Methods: The study included 30 RA patients and 30 consecutive patients in an odontology clinic in whom RA was ruled out. Patients underwent a clinical dental examination which included: 1) clinical and radiographic abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint; 2) biomechanical craniocervical analysis; 3) state of dentition and treatment needs; 4) periodontal status; 5) oral hygiene status; and 6) facial pain, which was compared among study groups. In addition, the association between the variables studied was determined through correlation tests., Results: Patients with RA showed a higher prevalence of temporomandibular abnormalities, both clinical (100.0% vs. 60.0%, P<.001) and radiographic, including erosions (50.0% vs. 16.0%, P=.010), compared with individuals in the control group. Likewise, patients with RA had a greater number of missing teeth (6.9±5.7 vs. 3.0±2.0, P=.001), more caries (13.4±5.4 vs. 4.9±6.5, P=.001), periodontitis (1.3±0.9 vs. 0.8±0.8, P=.015), poorer oral hygiene (43.3% vs. 13.3%, P=.005) and greater facial pain (66.7% vs. 20.0%, P <.001). The cephalometric analysis of Rocabado showed differences in the craniocervical angle and hyoid triangle between RA and controls. Significant correlations were obtained between oral and temporomandibular abnormalities., Conclusions: Patients with RA showed a greater orofacial deterioration, which reflects the importance of multidisciplinary care, including periodic dental examination., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with knowledge and control of hypertension in the adult population of the Canary Islands (18-75 years)., Methods: We recruited a random sample of the general population aged ≥18 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or known hypertension (self-declared, or controlled hypertension <140/90 mmHg). The bivariate association of known and controlled hypertension with age, sex, anthropometry, serum lipids, medication, and lifestyle was corroborated by adjusting a multivariate logistic model., Results: We included 6675 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men (40% vs 31%, P<.001), who also had a lower frequency of treated and controlled hypertension. Female sex (P<.001), age ≥55 years (P<.001), obesity (P<.001), and diabetes (P<.001) were associated with known hypertension. The modifiable factors that, in spite of treatment, increased the risk of poor control of hypertension were alcohol consumption (>30 g/day, odds ratio [OR]=2.4, P<.001; >15-≤30 g/day, OR=2, P=.009; >5-≤15, g/day, OR=1.83, P=.004), obesity (body mass index ≥30, OR=2, P=.003; >24.9-<30, OR=1.7, P=.024), serum cholesterol >250 mg/dL (OR=1.6, P=.006) and elevated heart rate (>80 bpm, OR=1.45, P=.045; >70-≤80 bpm, OR=1.36, P=.038)., Conclusions: The awareness of hypertension increases with frequent use of the health system and with factors associated with known hypertension: female sex, age, underlying health problems. The modifiable factors associated with poor control of known hypertension are alcohol consumption, obesity, elevated heart rate, and hypercholesterolemia., (Copyright © 2011 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is an unusual form of presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome with a poor prognosis, so early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. We report a patient who had gangrene as the initial manifestation of CAPS., (Copyright © 2008 Elsevier España. Reumatología Clínica ® Sociedad Española de Reumatología and ® Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Clinical signs of infective endocarditis are inespecific. Fever and heart murmur are the most frequent symptoms. Arthralgias's association is fairly common but presentation as polyarthritis is inusual. We report a cse of infective endocarditis that begins with subacute fever and polyarthritis., (Copyright © 2007 Elsevier España S.L Barcelona. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Cardiovascular pathology is common in rheumatoid arthritis. However, myocardial affection is unusual and clinical disease is rare. We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and progressive heart failure that required inclusion into a heart transplantation list., (Copyright © 2007 Elsevier España S.L Barcelona. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To review the corneal biomechanic concepts and to analyse, clarify and understand their relevance in refractive surgery., Materials and Methods: A literature review has been done using different databases., Results: Corneal biomechanic concepts are not new and are applied implicitly in numerous surgical procedures. Their origin is related to tonometry studies, but they gained in popularity when they were linked to the treatment of keratoconus, a pathology in which the mechanical properties of the cornea are altered. Factors determining corneal stability were thus defined. Corneal biomechanics have also been used following refractive surgery to study post-operative keratectasia and to improve ablation patterns, which ignores the corneal response. The new ablation systems need to include the biomechanical factors, which motivate research conducted in physical-mathematical models and in corneal wound healing, improving our knowledge about the corneal biomechanical response., Conclusions: The corneal biomechanic concepts have gained in popularity with the advent of refractive surgery, although they did exist previously. Their relevance is linked to improvements in the ablation systems used in an attempt to obtain more accurate and reliable results.

Objective: To study clinical features, visual prognosis and response to immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular Behçet Disease (BD)., Patients and Methods: clinical data of 17 patients (33 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed from May 1996 to May 2003., Results: The male/female ratio was 12/5. The commonest manifestations were oral ulceration (100%) and skin lesions (88%). Anterior uveitis was present in 59%, posterior uveitis was in 76% and panuveitis was in 88.1%. Visual acuity improved in 11 (33.3%) eyes, remind stable in 18 (54.5%) eyes and four (12.1%) eyes lost two or more lines. Main drug therapy consisted of colchicine and cyclosporine (59%). Seven patients had received three drugs simultaneously., Conclusions: BD can lead to an irreversible visual loss; however, the visual prognosis is good (85%) if immunosuppressor treatment is implemented.

Case Report: A 71 year-old female presented with bilateral conjunctivitis, scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Ancillary tests showed presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, with diffuse granular cytoplasmic immunofluorescence staining (ANCAc). Conjunctival biopsy showed necrotizing vasculitis in small vessels. Diagnosis of Wegener Granulomatosis (WG) was established and upper respiratory affection detected. Treatment with megadoses of cyclophosphamide and corticoids was initiated and remission of the disease was obtained., Discussion: WG is a potentially lethal systemic vasculitis in which ocular involvement may be the first clinical presentation. Scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis indicate systemic involvement, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.