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Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention in the present century due to its peculiar properties make it as an effective candidate in multidisciplinary fields with numerous applications. Nanoparticles displays characteristic chemical and physical properties like stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, optical properties and catalytic activity. These made them promising material for applications in different fields like space applications, industry, photo imaging, photo thermal therapy, cosmetics and medical applications, nano sensors for the detection of biomolecules and several environmental parameters, drug delivery, anti-microbial, anti-pathogens and mosquiticidal uses. The article focuses on the preparing of silver nanoparticles through a greener strategy from a substrate onion peel, which is a domestic waste. The particles synthesized were characterized using UV–Vis Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. Furthermore, the particles were tested for its antimicrobial activity against two strains of microorganisms. The development of biosensor for environmental contaminants such as heavy metals were also approached. The green pathway we followed are sustainable, environmentally benign, simple, cost-effective and does not produce any harmful byproducts.

This paper proposes a systematic approach for both, a remanufacturable battery module and an automated remanufacturing station. In the beginning the joints in a battery module are investigated and categorized, followed by an evaluation of alternatives. Based on the evaluation, a novel battery module and an automated remanufacturing station are presented. As a result, it is possible to replace an individual battery cell while maintaining the integrity of the battery module, leading to a value added product that can be brought back to market.

This work focuses on the sea shell and its source and application of known clam shells. These clam shells are marine waste which is made of calcium carbonates .Its utilization is highly required to make a value added product and waste minimization. The depletion of polymer has motivated the researcher to search the alternative to reduce the consumption of polymer. Thus the recent studies on the clam shells have been done to understand its utilization in polymer and other application. Some of the important applications may include potential of seashell as filler materials in different polymeric composites, which would enhance its mechanical properties along with its applications in mechanical industries.

Australian industry estimates 500 t of banners are land-filled every year due to its complex nature which makes recycling either difficult or an expensive process. This study details a new low-cost solution for waste Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) coated banners that does not require the separation of the PVC from the polyester fabric; overcoming a major barrier to recycling. End-of-life banner material was shredded with recycled cable material which improved the mix density and made material suitable for plastic manufacturing techniques. Life cycle analysis study proves that replacing virgin PVC by recycled PVC from banner emits 78% less kg CO2 equivalent. Both materials were characterized elementally and structurally using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction techniques. A safe fabrication temperature (

Microorganisms can play a crucial role in the efficiency for composting, which are essential for converting the organic wastes into a well-stabilized, value added product. However, the activity of most of the key functional microorganisms were inhibited due to the limited special nutrient substances or other physiochemical factors during composting, which further affected the quality of compost. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of enriched ammonium (NH4+-N) and organic nitrogen (Org-N) on indigenous microbial community and whether nitrogen (N) nutrient additions could modify the special species during composting. The results showed that the abundance and structure of bacterial community had distinctly diverse responses to different N nutritional treatments (no nutrient addition, NH4+-N addition, and Org-N addition). The addition of N sources enhanced the abundance of corresponding uncultured indigenous species negatively related to the factor of NH4+ and Org-N in redundancy analysis (RDA) during composting but the effect of NH4+ was more significant than Org-N. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMDS) demonstrated that both the two N additions changed bacterial community but had different duration for affecting bacterial composition. Conclusively, an optimized method for regulating the key stains with special biological capacity is proposed by controlling the single limiting-nutrient factor sharply decreasing at one of composting stages and negatively related to the key species in RDA.

The present study attempts to explore the possibilities of utilizing marine waste like Clams Shell as filler material in jute fibre reinforced composites. It's use in composites would address the utilization of waste material as filler material into a value added product. In order to determine the impact property of this polymer composites with jute fibre and clams shell filler (0, 5, 10 wt%) content, impact test is performed by using Izod impact tester. The hand layup technique is used for the preparation of the composite samples. It is found that introduction of fillers on jute fibre reinforced composite results in reduction of its impact strength.

Flowers that can be consumed by human being safely are known as edible flower (EF). In the fast and nutritive food thrive scenario; flowers breaking all the odds out to put their picture as the food grade material with their rich nutritive value. However, there is a strong aspiration for scientific evidences to justify positive impact of EF on health through superior nutritional and bioactive attributes. This review summarizes the outcome of various studies performed until now on edible flowers, focusing on nutritional, bioactive, preservation and toxicological properties and health effects. This article also provides valuable information through systematic compilation and interpretation of published data on edible flowers in order to increase their popularization among the food industry and consumers. Analysis of previously published outcomes revealed that the nutritional and bioactive attributes makes the EF as complete form of nutrition available for mankind and need further exploration for value added product development, without neglecting the identification and documentation of potential toxicological elements for safe and desirable application for future expansion of EF in to value added products.

Roasting of chickpea is an important step for the development of value added product, performed normally at 150–350 °C using conduction, convection and radiation. In this study, continuous roasting of chickpea grains was performed without incorporating sand and using a novel method. The roasting characteristics, physico-functional and antioxidant properties of products obtained through this method at 250, 270, 290, 310, 330 and 350 °C were compared to unroasted grain. The results showed that grains roasted at 350 °C possessed highest puffing index, high expansion index and lowest length/width ratio. Color of roasted chickpea flour changed from light to dark with a simultaneous increase in ‘a’ and ‘b’ value. Functional properties in terms of water absorption index and oil absorption capacity were between 1.97-2.99 and 1.25–1.81 g/g respectively. Total flavonoid content of chickpea decreased by 10% while an increase occurred in total phenolic content (46%) and antioxidant activity (60%) respectively. FTIR and DSC profiles of roasted grain flour indicated changes in different functional groups and crystalline nature of starch. This method demonstrated that chickpea may be roasted effectively without any contamination in lesser time compare to other processes. Novel continuous roasting therefore could be considered for chickpea roasting industry.

One of the major ecological concerns associated with biodiesel production is the generation of waste/ crude glycerol during the trans-esterification process. Purification of this crude glycerol is not economically viable. In this context, the development of an efficient and economically viable strategy would be biotransformation reactions converting the biodiesel derived crude glycerol into value added chemicals. Hence the process ensures the sustainability and waste management in biodiesel industry, paving a path to integrated biorefineries. This review addresses a waste to wealth approach for utilization of crude glycerol in the production of value added chemicals, current trends, challenges, future perspectives, metabolic approaches and the genetic tools developed for the improved synthesis over wild type microorganisms were described.

Water hyacinth a fresh water aquatic plant is considered as a noxious weed in many parts of the world since it grows very fast and depletes nutrients and oxygen from water bodies adversely affecting the growth of both plants and animals. Hence conversion of this problematic weed to value added chemicals and fuels helps in the self-sustainability especially for developing countries. The present review discusses the various value added products and fuels which can be produced from water hyacinth, the recent research and developmental activities on the bioconversion of water hyacinth for the production of fuels and value added products as well as its possibilities and challenges in commercialization. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Anaerobic digestion is recognized as promising technology for bioenergy production from biowaste, with huge quantity of digestate being produced as the residual waste. The digestate contains substantial amounts of organic and inorganic matters that be considered highly risky contaminants to the receiving environments if not properly treated, but also potential renewable resources if are adequately recovered. This prospect review summarized the current research efforts on digestate valorization, including aspects of resource recovery and the proposed applications, particularly on the conversion techniques and economic feasibility. The prospects for digestate valorization were highlighted at the end of this review.

Rapid increase in global population and their food ingestion habit plays a major role in generation of food waste (FW). FW includes some part of cooked and uncooked plant waste, animal waste, left over food and spoiled food etc. Conventionally these wastes are managed by incineration or landfill. These techniques demand high cost and it has own demerits. Incineration of FW results in emission of flue gas and pollutes the environment by ash waste. In case of landfill, the improper design pollutes the water source. Hence, there is a need to manage the generated FW using eco-friendly and economically viable techniques. The composition of the FW may differ based on the source of generation. Biofuel or value added products recovery from FW mainly depends on its biochemical composition. This review intends to highlight the properties of FW and pretreatment techniques followed for enhancing biofuels and other value added product recovery.

The objective of the study was to prepare noodles using Citrus maxima fruit segments suiting diabetic populations. The texture value decreased from 138 to 116 g force (fresh segments) and it increased for dry segments supplemented noodles (122 to 162 g force). Noodles supplemented with 30% fresh and 5% dry fruit segments were sensorial acceptable. Naringin and other bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids were retained better in uncooked noodles in comparison to the cooked noodles. The glycemic index of the formulated noodles falls within the medium glycemic index (GI) from 66.23% to 58.21% with resistance starch ranging from 3.47% to 8.89% compared to control. Thus pomelo segments in noodles had effectively helped in lowering the GI. Hence, the supplementation of pomelo fruit segments can be used as an ingredient to develop value added product suiting normal and diabetic population.

Interest in microalgae-derived products is growing, mostly due to their unique characteristics and range of industrial applications. To obtain different products, one must employ specific pretreatments that retain the properties of the biologically active compounds extracted from microalgae biomass; thus, new extraction techniques require frequent upgrades. Due to increased interest in economically viable and ecologically friendly processes, new extraction methods that can be incorporated into microalgae biorefinery systems have become the main focus of research. Therefore, this review aims to address the potential applications, future prospects, and economic scenario of the new physicochemical treatments used in the extraction of bioactive microalgae compounds.

Increasing demands on productivity of measurement and control processes deal with high demands on speed, reliability and repeatability of all the preparatory steps that precede the measurement itself. These activities are still productivity needed and the productivity effect is multiplied by a technological downtime carrying them considerable economic impact, direct value added product. A typical case is the initial adjusting of the turntable of roundness instrument and measurement of the surface parameters in a hole with small diameter. This title deals with these issues. It describes the issue of compensation contact setting of roundness machine by contactless method including performance model and philosophy of determining measurement uncertainty. The initial proposal will be modified for specific task of CNC measuring parameters in the small diameter holes.