Search

Primary spinal cord melanoma is a rare disease that accounts for only 1% of all melanocytomas. Here we report a case of primary melanoma of the cervical spinal cord. In our case, 26-year-old female who were admitted to the hospital for left arm pain. Spinal magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a spinal cord tumor at the level of C2-3. The MRI images showed that the tumor compressed the spinal cord. At surgery, the spinal cord was under pressure and covered with shaped blackish brown neoplastic tissue. There were not any metastatic lesions. The patient is still alive six months after surgery. 33581992

Excision of all visible neoplastic tissue is the goal of EMR of colorectal laterally spreading tumors. Flat and fibrotic tissue can resist snaring. Ablation of visible polyps is associated with high recurrence rates. Avulsion is a technique to continue resection when snaring fails.We retrospectively analyzed colonic EMRs of 564 consecutive referred polyps between 2015 and 2017. Hot avulsion was used when snaring was unsuccessful. Polyps treated with and without avulsion were compared.Hot avulsion was used in 20.9% (n = 112) of all resected lesions. The recurrence rates on follow-up colonoscopy were 17.52% in the avulsion group versus 16.02% in the non-avulsion group (P = .76). Hot avulsion was associated with a trend toward higher rates of delayed hemorrhage (5.35% vs 2.58%; P = .15) and post-coagulation syndrome (1.8% vs 0.47%; P = .15), but polyps treated with any avulsion were larger than those in which no avulsion was used (P .001). There were an insufficient number of adverse events to perform a multivariable analysis to test the effects of avulsion, size, and location on the risk of overall adverse events.Unlike previous reports of using argon plasma coagulation to treat visible polyps during EMR, hot avulsion of visible/fibrotic neoplasia was associated with similar EMR efficacy compared with cases that did not require hot avulsion. The safety profile of hot avulsion appears acceptable.

The tumour-associated, cell membrane-bound isoforms IX and XII of human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are overexpressed in cancer cells contributing to the hypoxic tumour pH/metabolism regulating machinery and as thus, can serve as markers of malignant neoplastic tissue. Inhibitors of CAs can be employed both for the treatment of hypoxic tumours and in the design of radiotracers for positron emission tomography and imaging of such cancers. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved to-date in the field of developing PET-tracers based on monoclonal antibodies, biomolecules, and small-molecule ligands of CA IX and XII.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the expression of Fas and Fas-L proteins in gastric carcinoma cells on the occurrence of metastases to regional lymph nodes.The study included 89 patients treated surgically for gastric carcinoma. The evaluated clinicomorphological parameters were verified based on both histopathological material collected at surgery and intraoperative image. Fas and Fas-L expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in the neoplastic tissue of the removed gastric tumors.A statistically significant positive correlation between Fas expression in gastric carcinoma cells and the number of regional lymph nodes affected by metastases was observed (p0.05). No such correlation was noticed with respect to Fas-L. A statistically significant correlation between the depth of neoplastic infiltration of the stomach wall (T feature) and the number of affected lymph nodes was observed (p0.05). No statistically significant correlations in the other examined clinicomorphological features and the number of metastatic lymph nodes was observed.A positive Fas expression correlates with more frequent occurrence of metastases to regional lymph nodes. Determination of this protein expression in cancer cells prior to surgery may be helpful for planning the surgical procedure, especially with respect to the extent of lymph node excision.

Objective To assess the use of an ultra–high-resolution (UHR) optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an adjuvant diagnostic tool in distinguishing ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and pterygia. Design Prospective case series. Participants Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients with conjunctival lesions clinically suspicious for OSSN or pterygia. Methods All patients were photographed and then imaged with a custom-built UHR OCT device. Subsequently, each patient underwent excisional or incisional biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis. Main Outcome Measures Comparison of preoperative UHR OCT images and the corresponding histopathologic specimen; comparison of epithelial thickness between the 2 groups as measured by UHR OCT. Results Preoperative UHR OCT images of OSSN demonstrated similarities to the histopathologic specimens. Both optical and pathologic specimens showed a thickened layer of epithelium, often with an abrupt transition from normal to neoplastic tissue. Likewise, preoperative UHR OCT images of patients with pterygia were well correlated with the histopathologic specimens. As opposed to OSSN, both UHR OCT and pathologic images of pterygia demonstrated a normal thin epithelium, with underlying thickening of the subepithelial mucosal layers. Differences in the measured epithelial thickness on UHR OCT between OSSN and pterygia were statistically significant, with an average epithelial thickness of 346 μm (standard deviation [SD], 167) in OSSN patients and 101 μm (SD, 22) in pterygium patients ( P Conclusions Ultra–high-resolution OCT may show promise as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to evaluate ocular surface lesions. In addition to a statistically significant difference in epithelial thickness, a significant degree of morphologic correlation with the histopathologic results demonstrates its potential in evaluating ocular surface squamous neoplasia and pterygia. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

The combination of light and chemicals to treat skin diseases is widely practiced in dermatology. Within this broad use of light and drugs, in recent years the concept of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged. PDT is a promising modality for the management of various tumors and nonmalignant diseases, based on the combination of a photosensitizer that is selectively localized in the target tissue and illumination of the lesion with visible light, resulting in photodamage and subsequent cell death. Moreover, the fluorescence of photosensitizing compounds is also utilized as a helpful diagnostic tool for the detection of neoplastic tissue. Intensive basic and clinical research culminated in the worldwide approval of PDT for bladder, esophageal, and lung cancer. The expanding use of this relatively new therapeutic modality in dermatology at many centers around the world has revealed its efficacy for the treatment of cutaneous precancer and cancer, as well as selected benign skin disorders. The following article summarizes the main principles of PDT considering the most recent developments and provides a comprehensive synopsis of the present status of the use of PDT in dermatology. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:389-413.) Learning Objective: At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be able to describe the basic concepts of PDT, including fundamental knowledge of the most relevant photosensitizers, the light sources, the mechanisms involved in PDT-mediated cell destruction, as well as the indications and limitations of photodynamic treatment of skin diseases.

As the modern era of cryosurgery began in the mid 1960s, the basic features of cryosurgical technique were established as rapid freezing, slow thawing, and repetition of the freeze-thaw cycle. Since then, new applications of cryosurgery have caused numerous investigations on the mechanism of injury in cryosurgery with the intent to better define appropriate or optimal temperature-time dosimetry of the freeze-thaw cycles. A diversity of opinion has become evident on some aspects of technique, but the basic tenets of cryosurgery remain unchanged. All the parts of the freeze-thaw cycle can cause tissue injury. The cooling rate should be as fast as possible, but it is not as critical as other factors. The coldest tissue temperature is the prime factor in cell death and this should be -50 degreesC in neoplastic tissue. The optimal duration of freezing is not known, but prolonged freezing increases tissue destruction. The thawing rate is a prime destructive factor and it should be as slow as possible. Repetition of the freeze-thaw cycle is well known to be an important factor in effective therapy. A prime need in cryosurgical research is related to the periphery of the cryosurgical lesion where some cells die and others live. Adjunctive therapy should influence the fate of cells in this region and increase the efficacy of cryosurgical techniques.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique. The ability of PET to visualize biochemistry and physiology in vivo distinguishes this technique from other imaging modalities and renders it of particular interest for oncological studies. PET studies can of en differentiate between normal and neoplastic tissue, as well as identify early signs of malignant degeneration through biochemical or physiological changes. Over the past several years, PET studies have been useful in the early diagnosis and the selection of treatment, as well as in following the progression or regression of malignant disease processes. Of particular significance, PET findings can be quantified by using mathematical modeling and computerized data analysis, which makes it possible to produce quantitative images of human pathophysiology in vivo .

An unusual case of a periportal annular pancreas is reported. The pancreatic malformation was incidentally detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient staged for a hepatocellular carcinoma. Ability of MRI in characterizing normal pancreatic gland from neoplastic tissue made the correct diagnosis of a periportal annular pancreas without any further investigation.

Cell loss is a biological phenomenon that occurs in normal and neoplastic tissue and is an important kinetic factor which contributes to the dynamic state of tumor growth. This relevant phenomenon which was introduced by tumor biologists in the early 1970s while studying tumor growth kinetics has been largely neglected in cancer therapy, although with adequate research it may hold potential for future strategies in cancer treatment. Cell loss occurs through various mechanisms which include exfoliation, metastasis, differentiation and cell death. Methods used for measuring cell loss will be examined and the importance of cell loss in tumor growth will be discussed.

This article describes the immunoreactivity of PSA and PAP in non-neoplastic and neoplastic prostate tissue. Listed are examples of cross reactivity of PSA and PAP in non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissue from other organs. The use of PSA and PAP to identify tumors of prostatic origin in different sites is also described. Finally, the diagnostic uses of immunohistochemistry for PSA and PAP in prostate biopsies and for prognostication are discussed.

Photochemotherapeutic agents are photosensitizers that are selectively retained by neo-plastic tissue. When tumor tissue containing these drugs is irradiated with visible electromagnetic radiation, the photosensitizing reaction may lead to tumor eradication, termed photodynamic therapy. Exogenous photosensitizers commonly used in clinical trials are mainly porphyrin derivatives. Phthalocyanines are currently being investigated as “second generation” photochemotherapeutic agents. The mechanism by which these photosensitizers are selectively retained in neoplastic tissue is unclear. This review examines the role of tissue and cellular pH as a factor in selective biodistribution. The pH values of normal and tumor tissue are summarized and the ionic species distribution diagram of porphyrins is presented. A two-fold mechanism of selective biodistribution is advanced, one involving normal tissue vs. tumor tissue selectivity, the other involving intracellular vs. intercellular distribution of sensitizer ionic species.

e En Bloc resection p Piecemeal resection n Number of pieces taken during piecemeal resection B Base of the resection B0 No neoplastic tissue at resection base-clean base B1 Neoplastic tissue at the resection base E Edge of the resection E0 No neoplastic tissue at resection edge; round mucosal pit pattern observed E1 Neoplastic tissue at resection edge EMR MDA Scale MDA Scale 0 eB0E0 (Enbloc resection without residual tissue) MDA Scale 1 p n ( 3)B0E0 (Piecemeal resection, n 3, without residual tissue) MDA Scale 2 p n ( 3) or B1 or E1 (Piecemeal resection, n 3 or residual tissue at base or edge)

Background: Full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) is a real-time imaging technique that generates high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic images from unprocessed and unstained tissues. Lack of tissue processing and associated artifacts, along with the ability to generate large-field images quickly, warrants its exploration as an alternative diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods: One section each from the tumor and from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was collected from 13 human lobectomy specimens. They were imaged fresh with FFOCT and then submitted for routine histopathology. Two blinded pathologists independently rendered diagnoses based on FFOCT images. Results: Normal lung architecture (alveoli, bronchi, pleura and blood vessels) was readily identified with FFOCT. Using FFOCT images alone, the study pathologists were able to correctly identify all tumor specimens and in many cases, the histological subtype of tumor (e.g., adenocarcinomas with various patterns). However, benign diagnosis was provided with high confidence in roughly half the tumor-free specimens (others were diagnosed as equivocal or false positive). Further analysis of these images revealed two major confounding features: (a) Extensive lung collapse and (b) presence of smoker′s macrophages. On a closer inspection, however, the smoker′s macrophages could often be identified as distinct from tumor cells based on their relative location in the alveoli, size and presence of anthracosis. We posit that greater pathologist experience, complemented with morphometric analysis and color-coding of image components, may help minimize the contribution of these confounders in the future. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for the potential utility of FFOCT in identifying and differentiating lung tumors from non-neoplastic lung tissue. We foresee its potential as an adjunct to intra-surgical frozen section analysis for margin assessment, especially in limited lung resections.

All patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer should have an accurate staging of their liver prior to treatment. However, conventional radiological methods which rely on the differences of density of neoplastic tissue and normal liver have limits in their resolution rarely detecting lesions less than 1 cm in diameter. An alternative approach is to measure functional changes in the liver that result from the development of liver metastases. Over the last nine years, in a series of animal and clinical experiments, we have demonstrated that the presence of tumour within the liver causes changes in the hepatohaemodynamics with alterations both in hepatic arterial and portal flow. These changes appear to be the result of the release of a vasoactive agent although this has not yet been identified. In patients hepatic and portal venous inflow can be measured indirectly using scintographic methods or more recently by direct measurements using colour Doppler flowmetry. Using both of these techniques, we are able to predict the development of liver metastases in patients undergoing curative colorectal surgery who have no metastases apparent at the time of surgery assessed by either computerised tomography or ultrasound techniques. These measurements independently predict prognosis for a patient and may be useful in selecting high risk cases for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Three types of bovine adenocarcinoma were found in the lungs of 3 cows. Case 1 was a well differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucin granules and microvilli with core filaments seen ultrastructurally. In Case 2, the neoplastic tissue showed a sarcoma-like growth with scattered tubular structures. Many cilia were observed in the tubular structures and a few cilia were found in the anaplastic tissues. Case 3 had epithelial and undifferentiated tissues. A few mucin granules and cilia were observed in the tumours in both lung and kidney. The relationships between these neoplastic cells and bronchial epithelial cells are discussed.

Estimation of mitotic activity by counting the number of mitotic figures per high power fields is subject to many sources of error. The microscope fields vary in size in different microscopes, which makes comparisons arbitrary. Also the areas covered by neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue in the microscope image vary in different tumors. We found that each microscope could easily be characterized in terms of the size of the microscope field at 40x objective magnification (usually at ocular magnification of 10x). We also found that the number of mitotic figures can be related to the area covered by neoplastic tissue in the microscope field. The resulting index, the volume corrected mitotic index (M/V-index) will express the mitotic activity as the number of mitotic figures per square millimeter of neoplastic tissue in the microscope fields. The M/V-index will not be subject to the variation in volume fractions of neoplastic tissue between different neoplasms. With the M/V-index the mitotic activity as measured in different microscopes can be compared reliably. The value of the method is demonstrated in a series of ovarian tumors.

Investigations on solid tumor tissue have shown that the O2 uptake by cancer cells depends on the supply conditions. The absence of a sufficient neovascularization and a general rarefaction of the terminal vascular bed during tumor growth are followed by a sharp increase in vascular flow resistances. Broadening of the vessel diameter, the increase in the length of tumor capillaries, and the widening of intercapillary distances as well as reduced and inhomogeneous blood supply to neoplastic tissue result in a dissociation between O2 uptake and O2 supply to cancer cells. As a consequence of these modifications and due to the diminishing O2 transport capacity during progressive tumor anemia, the O2 uptake decreases with growing tumor mass. At the same time, mean tissue pO2 values measured polarographically drop precipitously. The pO2 histograms reveal a frequency distribution shifted to the left, and a dependency on tumor age is obvious. The experiments provide evidence that hypoxia and anoxia occur in neoplastic tissue as the tumor increases in size, since critical diffusion ranges for O2 are surpassed. This leads to a regional deficiency for O2, spreading over increasingly large areas with growing tumor mass. Hypoxia and anoxia as well as glucose depletion in neoplastic tissue must be held responsible for cytolysis, necrobiosis, and necrosis, the phenomena running in parallel with augmented tumor size.

Both animal and human data indicate that reproductive events taking place early in reproductive life may have an important influence on growth characteristics and reproductive hormone regulation in both normal tissue and neoplastic tissue investigated later in life.

Twenty-three patients underwent craniotomies for brain malignancies. One hundred eleven fluorescein-stained and 75 nonstained tissue biopsies were obtained for histopathological examination using a special arc-lighting system connected to a conventional surgical headlight. Of the 75 nonstained specimens, 71 (94.7%) were negative for tumor and 4 demonstrated the presence of tumor. Ninety-four (84.7%) of the fluorescent tissues obtained were reported as having neoplasia and the remaining 17 showed characteristics consistent with necrotic tissue debris. All stained tissues obtained in this study demonstrated visible fluorescence within neoplastic tissue margins harboring abnormally permeable blood-brain barriers.

The distribution of a variety of water soluble 109 Pd and 64 Cu porphyrins were studied in mice bearing three types of tumors. While the metalloporphyrins are found to have an affinity for neoplastic tissue, substantial extra-tumor concentrations are also noted. Although this limits their value as specific tumor imaging agents, their use in localized therapy is discussed.

Local sonic irradiation was applied to subcutaneously implanted Furth-Columbia rat Wilms' tumor. The weight and the rate of tritiated thymidine uptake were measured in host organs distal to the application field. Kidney and spleen weights were inhibited by the Wilms' tumor, and sonication of the tumor removed all or part of this inhibition. Liver weight was increased after sonication of tumor-bearing rats but not in nontumor-bearing rats. This may have been a response to tumor-specific substances released into the circulation by sonic destruction of tumor tissue. The adrenals enlarged as a response to the stresses of both tumor-bearing and of sonication. Animals were implanted on both sides with the Wilms' tumor and only the right tumor was sonicated. The left tumor continued to increase in volume without any break in the growth curve while the sonicated right tumor was inhibited. These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of ultrasound is due solely to local factors and that systemic sequelae of sonic irradiation are unrelated to tumor inhibition.

In accordance with earlier work the manganese (III) derivative of meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS 4 ) is found to accumulate in the tumors of L1210-bearing mice. The tumor/liver ratio of porphyrin extends from 1.5 to 3.6 over a range of dose and time periods. The subcellular distribution of porphyrin in L1210 tumor and liver, and the tissue distribution (cellular, stromal, soluble) in L1210 tumor indicates that the porphyrin tends to be located predominantly in soluble and stromal fractions. These data are interpreted in terms of the physiology and composition of neoplastic tissue to formalize a mechanism for the localization of Mn(III)TPPS 4 in L1210 tumor and a general working hypothesis for the localization of porphyrins in neoplastic tissue. The in vivo stability of Mn(III)TPPS 4 is also addressed and is found to be demetallated to a degree of approximately 1% in liver and kidney.

The inhibitory effect of vitamin A on tumor establishment and growth has been studied in two animal models. The C57L/J hepatoma, when placed in C57L/J mice receiving inoculations of vitamin A, showed slow growth and the hosts had significantly prolonged survival over untreated mice. The V-2 carcinoma, when implanted in the corneas of New Zealand white rabbits receiving injections of vitamin A, showed decreased vascular response in the limbic vessels. The absence of an induced vascular response prevents vascularization of the tumor and subsequent tumor growth. The evidence suggests that vitamin A may exert its inhibitory effect by modifying the normal vascular response to neoplastic tissue.

A case of multiple keratoacanthoma involving the skin and mucous membranes is reported. An antisquamous antibody was detected in the patient's serum which bound to a membrane antigen on squamous tumor cell lines COLO-16 and SCaBER. The approximate molecular weight of the antigen is 68,000. The antibody appears to be of the IgG class. It is possible that antibodies such as these may be directed toward neoplastic tissue and could play an important role in spontaneous tumor regression seen in patients with multiple keratoacanthoma.

Seven cases of “undifferentiated” pulmonary carcinoma were studied ultrastructurally; five were of the typical oat cell variety and the remaining two consisted of larger cells. In three of the former and both of the latter cases neurosecretory-like granules were demonstrated. Biochemical analysis of tumor tissue extracts revealed 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, vanilylmandelic acid, and catecholamine activity in all instances. No hormonal syndrome or metabolic abnormality was detected in any of the patients. The concomitant morphologic demonstration of neurosecretory-like granules and the presence of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, vanilylmandelic acid, and catecholamines in neoplastic tissue would provide further evidence that these tumors may indeed arise from bronchial endocrine cells and could therefore be classified within the group of neuroendocrine carcinomas. Also it seems apparent that these neuroendocrine bronchial carcinomas may include tumors consisting of cells somewhat larger than the typical oat cell. The observation of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, vanilylmandelic acid, and catecholamine activity in two oat cell carcinomas in which neurosecretory granules could not be demonstrated poses an interesting problem whose solution may only derive from further studies.

Six cases of massive liver involvement by metastatic breast cancer who responded to combination chemotherapy are reported. Prior to treatment, positive liver biopsy was obtained in five patients. Liver size was accurately measured by scintigraphy. The relative volume of neoplastic tissue was assessed on the scans by a stereological method and ranged from 42 to 77% . Improvement of liver involvement under chemotherapy was remarkable both with regard to liver size and relative neoplastic volume which decreased to between 5 and 55% of the initial value. Control liver biopsies were obtained in four patients and were negative.

A case of carcinoma of the esophagus with massive metastases to the heart is reported. Serial electrocardiograms displayed persistent upward displacement of the RS-T segment in Leads II, III, and Lead V F , and in a number of the unipolar precordial leads. It was probably caused by almost continuous acute myocardial injury as the neoplastic tissue infiltrated the cardiac musculature.

Neoplastic tissue, which is more acidic than normal tissue, should concentrate basic drugs. The pH difference can be accentuated by glucose pretreatment and it has been shown that the anti-tumour activity of some aromatic nitrogen mustards carrying sidechains containing basic groups with suitable p K a values is enhanced by glucose treatment. Certain epoxides should be even more suitable for exploiting this tissue difference. Thiols should selectively protect normal cells against alkylating agents as a consequence of the higher concentration of the nucleophilic anionic form therein.

1. 1. Pathologic findings are reported in a case of a malignant, undifferentiated, epithelial tumor, primary in the mandible of a child. No other jaw tumor with this histologic appearance could be found in the literature. 2. 2. The tumor might have originated from the oral, odontogenic epithelium. 3. 3. The tumor mass caused accelerated eruption and malposition of teeth. 4. 4. Involvement of the tooth pulp and evidence of a higher degree of differentiation of the tumor in the pulp were observed. The literature concerning the finding of neoplastic tissue in the pulp is reviewed.

SUMMARY 1. Bronchial carcinoma has increased during recent decades. This increased incidence is believed to be real more than apparent. No satisfying explanation has so far been offered although the increased consumption of cigarettes may or may not be of importance. 2. One out of several outstanding differences between life of today and life of 50 years ago is the increased amount of printed material available, not least so with regard to the number, the size and the editions of the newspapers, as well as to the opportunity to read and to get “hot news,” almost smelling with printing ink. 3. If the exposure to printing ink should be of importance one ought to expect an increased incidence of pulmonary carcinoma in printing workers. The material of bronchial carcinoma in Stockholm (as published by Wiklund from other points of view) was accordingly analyzed. 4. During a certain period of time 125 cases of bronchial carcinoma were registered, eight of whom were represented by printing workers (= 6.4 per cent). During the same period of time there were 132,000 men above 40, 1500 of whom were printing workers (= 1.14 ± 0.95 per cent). The difference is conclusive from statistical point of view and will be still more overwhelming if it is remembered that only about 500 printing workers were busy with the printing ink and that, as far as could be elicited, all eight carcinomas belonged to this group. 5. Attention is called to the experiments of Steinbruck in 1929. Mice were painted on the neck with printing ink and malignant tumors was the result (in five cases carcinoma of the lung and of the skin, in three cases neoplastic tissue in the lymphatic nodes, the liver and the spleen). 6. Just as the mining workers of Schneeberg and Joachimsthal, as the laborers of the chromium industry and as those exposed to asbestos the printing workers exposed to printing ink should be considered as particularly susceptible to bronchial carcinoma. Screening by means of x-ray films should be performed of the lungs of printing workers above 40 at least once every second year and more often if any symptoms should appear.

A prospective study of 76 patients with persistently abnormal Papanicolaou smears was performed. Histologic comparison of colposcopically directed punch biopsies and endocervical canal curettings and conization was carried out in all patients. Forty-eight patients had hysterectomy after conization. The results indicated that, when the endocervical canal curettings do not contain neoplastic tissue, colposcopically directed biopsies are sufficiently accurate in determining the cause of the abnormal Papanicolaou smear without the need for conization. Of additional significance, no patient without disease in the endocervical canal as proved by endocervical curettage had invasive carcinoma.

Administration of podophyllic acid ethyl hydrazide to mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumors, suppresses the incorporation of radioactive precursors into the nucleic acids of the neoplastic tissue. This suppression was also observed in the case of liver nucleic acids but with exceptions in a number of the precursors employed.

Resume On a montre que la sulphadiazine etait concentree dans la region tumorale de rats porteurs d'un sarcome de Yoshida sous forme solide. Les auteurs decrivent la preparation de plusieurs sulfamides di- 2 -halogenoalkylaminobenzene qui seraient deposes selectivement dans les tissus neoplasiques. L'un de ces nouveaux derives, la N 4 -di- 2 -chloro- n -propylsulphadiazine, ou CB 1932 , a, sur la croissance de la tumeur de Yoshida et du carcinome de Walker 256 , une activite inhibitrice particulierement elevee.

Zinc content was markedly increased in benign hyperplastic and decreased in malignant neoplastic prostate. The pattern of distribution of the metal in the subcellular fractions (nuclear mitochondria microsomes supernatant) was, however, found to remain unaltered, except that in the malignant neoplastic tissue the concentration in the nuclear and the mitochondrial fractions was virtually equal. The implication of these observations is discussed.

1. 1. The presence of adenylate kinase in the soluble portion of the nuclei from two different tissues isolated by two different methods has been reported. 2. 2. The distribution of enzymatic activity in several subcellular fractions of the transplanted mammary tumor tissue was described. 3. 3. The possibility of artifacts was discussed.

Lasers can deliver energy for the thermal destruction of neoplastic tissue in controlled amounts, thus limiting the damage to adjacent normal areas, yet with the additional advantage of providing local hemostasis. Although the CO2 laser has been used to destroy rectal tumors at proctoscopy,2 at present only argon and Nd:YAG lasers can be used in conjunction with fiberoptic endoscopes. Successful relief of malignant obstruction has been reported in the trachea and main bronchi and in the esophagus4 using the Nd:YAG laser with flexible endoscopes. The power produced by the argon laser is lower than the Nd:YAG, but the blue-green argon beam is more highly absorbed in the red pigment of the blood; thus, vaporization of super

The present invention is addressed to a method for the improved localization, differentiation, and removal of neoplastic tissue in animals. In particular, one aspect of the present invention involves a surgical procedure wherein an animal suspected of containing neoplastic tissue is surgically accessed and the tissue therein examined visually and by palpation for evidence of neoplastic tissue. The improved methodology commences with the administering to the animal of an effective amount of a labelled antibody specific for neoplastic tissue and labelled with a radioactive isotope exhibiting specific photon emissions of energy levels. Next, and importantly, the surgial procedure is delayed for a time interval following said administering for permitting the labelled antibody to preferentially concentrate in any neoplastic tissue present in the animal so as to increase the ratio of photon emissions from neoplastic tissue to background photon emissions in said animal. Thereafter, an operative field of the animal is surgically accessed and tissue within the operative field to be examined for neoplastic tissue has the background photon emission count determined. Once the background photon emission account for tissue within the operative field has been determined, a handheld probe is manually positioned within the operative field adjacent tissue suspected of being neoplastic. The probe is configured for fascile hand positioning and maneuvering within the operative field of the animal. The probe is characterized by having a collimatable radiation detector having a selective photon entrance and having an output deriving discrete signals responsive to photon emissions when said entrance is positioned immediately adjacent thereto. The probe further comprises amplifier means having an input coupled with said radiation detector output and responsive to said discrete signals to provide corresponding amplified output pulses. Finally, the probe comprises readout means responsive to said output pulses and actuable to an initial condition for commencing the provision of a perceptible indication of an indicia corresponding to the number of said output pulses received. From the perceptible indication, the extent of tissue exhibiting a number of output pulses having a value above background output pulses is determined and such determined tissue removed surgically. Thereafter, the probe is manually positioned adjacent tissue surrounding the surgically removed tissue to determined from said perceptible indication whether any of said surrounding tissue still exhibits a number of output pulses having a value above said background output pulses. Any adjacent tissue surrounding the initial surgically removed tissue which does exhibit an increased number of output pulses is surgically removed additonally. Thereafter, the margins again are examined with the probe in order to ensure that all tissue exhibiting a number of output pulses having a value above the background output pulses has been removed.

1. 1. The proposal is developed that endogenously released adenosine may regulate the vascular supply to neoplastic tissue. Evidence supporting this suggestion includes findings that agents which potentiate adenosine's action enhance tumor growth and the adenosine antagonists reduce the size of primary tumours and the size and number of metastases.