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Although schistosomiasis is the second most frequent tropical disease worldwide it is infrequently diagnosed in the industrialized world. Depending on the species involved, schistosomiasis usually presents with urological or intestinal symptoms. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of schistosomiasis presenting with an oral cyst in a migrant.

Objective: To investigate the release of histamine from rat mast cells elicited by human α-defensin-1 contained in jaw cyst fluid. Patients and Methods: Human α-defensin-1 was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography from human jaw cyst fluid, and the mast cells were collected from the peritoneal cavities of rats. Results: Histamine release was induced in isolated rat mast cells by both extracted and synthetic human α-defensin-1. Changes in vascular permeability induced by human α-defensin-1 were also estimated by the passive skin test in rats. Extracted and synthetic human α-defensin-1 induced histamine release from isolated rat mast cells in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of 1 to 15 μg/mL; the histamine release induced by the extracted and synthetic human α-defensin-1 (15 μg/mL) was 39.4 ± 2.3 and 37.6 ± 1.8%, respectively. When human α-defensin-1 was injected into rat skin intradermally, the vascular permeability increased. This response occurred with as little as 0.1 μg of human α-defensin-1, and a strong response was observed with 0.5 and 1.0 μg. These responses were completely abolished upon injection with 1 μg of the antihistamine drug diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Conclusion: Human α-defensin-1 in human jaw cyst fluid can act as an inducer of histamine release from mast cells both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to isolate and to identify an antimicrobial peptide, human α-defensin-1 (HNP-1) in jaw cyst fluid. Study Design: We collected jaw cyst fluid from 22 patients with various jaw cysts and analyzed the peptide components of them by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid was identified by the amino acid sequence and the molecular weight. The concentration of HNP-1 in the fluid of various jaw cysts was quantified by HPLC. Results: HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid was isolated, purified, and identified. The concentrations of HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid ranged from 27.0 to 3725.4 μg/mL. Conclusion: HNP-1 was detected in the fluid of various types of jaw cysts. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:78-81)

Since 1971, 66 cases o f hyal ine ring granuloma (HRG) have b e e n repor ted . The ent i ty has b e e n descr ibed in the l i terature unde r a variety of terms inc luding chron ic periost i t is wi th hyaline rings, L2 granu loma in eden tu lous jaws, 3 giant cell hyal ine angiopathy, 4 pulse granuloma, 5 and oral vege tab le granuloma. 6 HRG was originally descr ibed by Lewars 1 and Adkins, 3 w h o sugges ted that it r ep re sen t ed a reac t ion to foreign material such as food. Later invest igators suppor t ed this v i e w and cons ide red the possibil i ty that the hyaline rings w e r e residues o f substances such as beans and peas. 5 However , o the r invest igators did not endorse this v i e w and sugges ted that the hyaline rings instead r ep re sen t ed degenera t ed b lood vessels, 4 degene ra t ed collagen, z or f ibrosed extravasated serum proteins. 7 Some even cons ide red the lesion to be due to infec t ion by Torulopsis glabrata, s HRG is f requent ly r epor t ed in the walls o f dentigerous, 7,9 residual, 7 and nasopalat ine 4,1° cysts, and it shows the same radiographic features as an intraosseous jaw cyst. T rea tment involves rout ine cyst enucleation; r e cu r r ence is rare. 11,12 The nature o f this g ranulomatous lesion remains obscure . The pu rpose o f this article is to cons ide r the origin and pa thogenes i s o f HRG in 2 cases.

Familial odontogenic keratocysts are described in this report. The Case 1 patient, who has 3 sisters, developed odontogenic keratocysts. The 2 younger sisters (Cases 2 and 3) also had odontogenic keratocysts, although the elder sister did not have any odontogenic cysts. The father of the patients had a history of removal of a jaw cyst, and the mother was found later to have malignant ameloblastoma. Besides the odontogenic keratocysts, the Case 1 patient had basal cell nevus, prominent frontal process, and ocular hypertelorism; the Case 2 patient had prominent frontal process; the Case 3 patient had prominent frontal process, ocular hypertelorism, and squint. All 3 sisters are suspected of being patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome. The Japanese dental literature concerning the basal cell nevus syndrome is reviewed.

It is believed that cysts in jaws enlarge when the permeability of the cyst wall changes, that the proteins of cyst fluid increase, and that the intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bone increases because of inflammation. On the other hand, it is also believed that cysts enlarge when a prostaglandin-like substance, which is generated in the wall, acts chemically in the resorption of the jaw bone. This investigation comprised 97 cases of various jaw cysts. The author attempted to treat 91 of these cases by the irrigation method. Lipids and related substances in cyst walls removed at operation in 15 cases, and cyst fluid were examined in all cases as follows. Their identification with IR, analyses of fatty acids with GC, and estimation of the free radical concentration by ESR were carried out. As a result, it was found that in an infected cyst wall the values of phospholipids, TBA and the free radical concentration increased, and that the value of arachidonic acid decreased. In cyst fluid there was no LCAT activity, the value of HDL-cholesterol decreased, and free cholesterol crystals were detected. After irrigation of cyst cavities, cholesterol esters were detected. In infected cyst fluid, the values for white corpuscles, TBA, and the free radical concentration increased, whereas the values of PO2, arachidonic acid, and SOD decreased. As the infection disappeared, these values were reversed. Finally the cysts diminished in size. The author assumes that jaw cyst enlargement is related to LPO and PG-like substances produced by lipid peroxidation of the cyst wall and fluid.

Jaw cysts and basal cell naevi is an unusual combination. Concommitant developmental skeletal abnormalities of great variety may occur and the presence of one set of abnormalities should suggest the possibility of the other. Periostitis of endentulous mandible is very rare and not well enough known. In the case here reported periostitis was the cause of the presenting symptom which led to the discovery of the jaw cysts. Radiographic examination is essential for diagnosis.