35 results on '"Zhongjian Xie"'
Search Results
2. Highly Efficient, Remarkable Oxygen Reduction Reaction (Orr) Activity of Vanadium Doped Mayenite Electride Nanocomposite
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Karim Khan, Ayesha Khan Tareen, Muhammad Iqbal, Waqas Ahmad, Asif Mahmood, Nasir mahmood, Zhang Ye, Zhongjian Xie, Jinde Yin, Muhammad Farooq Khan, and Han Zhang
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- 2023
3. Recent advances in the development of nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke
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Bing Wang, Ke Zhang, Taojian Fan, Wen Chen, Weiyuan Liang, Bo Han, Nan Li, Ghulam Abbas, Hao Huang, Zhongjian Xie, Ning Liu, Wentian Zhao, and Tian Xing
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medicine.medical_specialty ,QH301-705.5 ,Human life ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,Biomaterials ,medicine ,Biology (General) ,Intensive care medicine ,Metal nanoparticles ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Stroke ,Nanomaterials ,Blood-brain barrier ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Stroke treatment ,Applications of nanotechnology ,Drug development ,Ischemic stroke ,TA401-492 ,Nanomedicine ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke. First, we will discuss the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke to develop a targeted strategy. Second, considering the important role of the blood-brain barrier in stroke treatment, we also delve mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier protects the brain, and the reasons why the therapeutics must pass through the blood-brain barrier to achieve efficacy. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive review related to the application of nanomaterials to treat stroke, including liposomes, polymers, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, hydrogels and dendrimers. To conclude, we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatments., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Discussed the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. • Reviewed several treatments for stroke. • Discussed the blood-brain barrier in detail.Summarized the applications of various nanomaterials in stroke. • Summarized the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatment.
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- 2021
4. Phase Inversion-Based foam hydrogels for highly efficient Solar-Powered interfacial desalination
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Chenyang Xing, Zihao Li, Shaohui Zhang, Jian Bang, Zhongjian Xie, Han Zhang, and Zhengchun Peng
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General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
5. Ultrasound combined with nanomaterials for cancer therapy
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Yao Zhu, Yingying Liu, Karim Khan, Gulzira Arkin, Ayesha Khan Tareen, Zhongjian Xie, Tianzhen He, Lili Su, Fengjuan Guo, XiaoShu Lai, Jinfeng Xu, and Jianglin Zhang
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Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science - Published
- 2023
6. Highly efficient, remarkable sensor activity and energy storage properties of MXenes and borophene nanomaterials
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Chuan Li, Ayesha Khan Tareen, Karim Khan, JianYu Long, Iftikhar Hussain, Muhammad Farooq Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, Zhongjian Xie, Ye Zhang, Asif Mahmood, Nasir Mahmood, Waqas Ahmad, and Han Zhang
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General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2023
7. Long-Term Bioavailability of Single Doses of Intramuscular Vitamin D2
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Lusha Li, Dexing Dai, Ruoman Sun, Chunlin Li, Xiaoping Xing, Xiangbing Wang, Feng Xu, Zhenming Liu, Xiaolin Lin, and Zhongjian Xie
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Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vitamin D-binding protein ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,chemistry.chemical_element ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,General Medicine ,Calcium ,Urinary calcium ,Bioavailability ,Bone remodeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Hypovitaminosis ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Healthy volunteers ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business - Abstract
Objective: We sought to determine the long-term bioavailability of single doses of intramuscular (IM) vita-min D2 (D2) in healthy adults. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers with hypovitaminosis D received a single dose of 200,000, 400,000, or 600,000 IU intramuscular D2 or no treatment. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25lOH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25lOH]D3) in serum were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and serum and urinary calcium were also measured. Results: After a single dose of D2 injection, the level of 25(OH)D2 increased slowly and reached a plateau at 8 weeks. The plateau remained stable for 12 weeks. The mean increase in 25(OH)D2 was 6.8, 9.6, or 15.6 ng/mL after injection of 200,000 IU, 400,000 IU, or 600,000 IU D2. Although endogenous 25(OH)D3 levels were reduced by IM D2, the total 25(OH)D levels increased by 5.0, 7.0, or 10.3 ng/mL in average after injection of 200,000 IU, 400,000 IU, or 600,000 IU D2. The iPTH levels were also decreased by IM D2. However, levels of serum calcium, BTMs, and DBP and urinary calcium were not altered by IM D2. Conclusion: A single dose of 200,000 IU, 400,000 IU, or 600,000 IU IM D2 raises total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels by 5.0, 7.0, or 10.3 ng/mL on average for at least 12 weeks and reduces iPTH and endogenous 25(OH)D3 levels without affecting levels of serum calcium, BTMs, DBP, and urinary calcium.
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- 2020
8. Efficient Identification Method of Sugarcane Node Based on Linear Array Ccd Non-Contact Detection
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CHUNMING WEN, ZHANPENG XIAO, YUNZHI YAN, YOUZONG HUANG, ZHONGJIAN XIE, and HONGLIANG NONG
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- 2022
9. Recent advances in two-dimensional graphdiyne for nanophotonic applications
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Yi Hu, Mengke Wang, Lanping Hu, Yulin Hu, Jia Guo, Zhongjian Xie, Songrui Wei, Yaohui Wang, You Zi, Han Zhang, Qiuliang Wang, and Weichun Huang
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General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
10. Multi-enzyme activity nanozymes for biosensing and disease treatment
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Li Su, Sainan Qin, Zhongjian Xie, Liang Wang, Karim Khan, Ayesha Khan Tareen, Defa Li, and Han Zhang
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Published
- 2022
11. Photothermal cancer immunotherapy by erythrocyte membrane-coated black phosphorus formulation
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Qianwei Miao, Xudong Zhang, Xin Liang, Xinyu Ye, Lin Mei, Xiuli Chen, Chenyang Xing, Zhongjian Xie, Han Zhang, and Chao Wang
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medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Apoptosis ,02 engineering and technology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Breast cancer ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Antigen ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Quantum Dots ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,Lasers ,Erythrocyte Membrane ,Phosphorus ,Dendritic Cells ,Immunotherapy ,Phototherapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Immune checkpoint ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Female ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer exhibits a triple-negative phenotype and has a poor prognosis, even with traditional chemical and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) treatments. However, the high mutation rate of this obstinate cancer type renders it suitable for immunotherapy. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a high-efficiency method for inducing tumor neoantigen release in situ, which has great potential for use in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we prepared a biomimetic black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQDs) formulation to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis in situ by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to mobilize the immune system to eliminate the residual and metastatic cancer cells. Erythrocyte membranes (RMs) were used to coat the BPQDs, forming a BPQD-RM nanovesicle (BPQD-RMNV) biomimetic formulation that exhibited a long circulation time and tumor accumulation in vivo. The basal-like 4T1 breast tumor underwent apoptosis and necrosis with the irradiation and recruited dendritic cells (DCs) to capture the tumor antigens in vivo. Furthermore, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody (aPD-1) was employed to prevent the CD8+ T cells from exhaustion. Notably, BPQD-RMNV-mediated PTT combined with aPD-1 treatment significantly delayed residual and metastatic tumor growth in vivo. Hence, BPQD-RMNV-mediated PTT combined with immune checkpoint blockade antibody increased the infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells in the tumor, which directly restrained basal-like breast tumor growth in vivo.
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- 2019
12. New insights to atherosclerosis management: Role of nanomaterials
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Zhongzhong Li, Cheng Jiang, Luxiao Chai, Taojian Fan, Chaozhou Li, Zhi Chen, Weichun Huang, Bin Zhang, Omar A. Al-Hartomy, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Swelm Wageh, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Lin Kang, Quan Liu, Xiaoyun Liu, Qingshan Geng, Zhongjian Xie, and Han Zhang
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General Materials Science - Published
- 2022
13. Current advances in the imaging of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque using nanoparticles
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Ming Zhang, Zhongjian Xie, Haijiao Long, Kun Ren, Lianjie Hou, Yu Wang, Xiaodan Xu, Weixing Lei, Zhicheng Yang, Shakeel Ahmed, Han Zhang, and Guojun Zhao
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Biomaterials ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the artery wall that pose a significant risk of cardio-cerebral vascular accidents remain the global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early delineation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is of clinical importance for prevention and treatment. The currently available imaging technologies mainly focus on the structural assessment of the vascular wall. Unfortunately, several disadvantages in these strategies limit the improvement in imaging effect. Nanoparticle technology is a novel diagnostic strategy for targeting and imaging pathological biomarkers. New functionalized nanoparticles that detect hallmarks of vulnerable plaques are promising for advance further control of this critical illness. The review aims to address the current opportunities and challenges for the use of nanoparticle technology in imagining vulnerable plaques.
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- 2022
14. Co, N-doped carbon dot nanozymes with acid pH-independence and substrate selectivity for biosensing and bioimaging
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Yexi Cai, Zhongjian Xie, Li Su, Han Zhang, Dong Wenpei, Guo-Jiang Mao, Wang Liang, Suling Feng, and Qin Sainan
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Biocompatibility ,biology ,Metals and Alloys ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Xanthine ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Fluorescence ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Materials Chemistry ,biology.protein ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Selectivity ,Instrumentation ,Biosensor ,Peroxidase - Abstract
Nanozymes are more stable, economical, and easier to produce than natural enzymes; however, their low activity in non-acidic environments and lack of substrate selectivity severely limit the applications of nanozymes. In this study, we developed Co- and N-doped carbon dot nanozymes (CoNCDs) that specifically exhibited peroxidase-like activity toward o-phenylenediamine in a non-acidic environment. Based on the peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence property of CoNCDs in a neutral environment, a one-pot multi-mode sensing platform (colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence imaging) was developed to detect cholesterol and xanthine in solution and human serum samples. This platform was simple to operate, and the CoNCDs demonstrated a reduced detection time and an improved analytical performance compared to most of the reported nanozymes. Moreover, the improved peroxidase activity at neutral pH, good biocompatibility, and photostability of CoNCDs facilitated their use for monitoring endogenous H2O2 levels in vivo. This study not only provides a novel approach for developing an acid pH-independent and substrate selectivity nanozyme but also demonstrates the application of ratiometric fluorescence imaging using the developed CoNCDs both in vitro and in vivo.
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- 2022
15. Material-based engineering of bacteria for cancer diagnosis and therapy
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Lingfeng Gao, Zhongjian Xie, Bin Zhang, Tianzhong Li, Guohui Nie, Han Zhang, and Hans Ågren
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biology ,Chemistry ,Cancer therapy ,Cancer ,Nanotechnology ,Photothermal therapy ,medicine.disease ,Metastatic tumor ,biology.organism_classification ,Targeted drug delivery ,Drug delivery ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Bacteria ,Electrostatic interaction - Abstract
Various categories of biomaterials have been utilized for drug delivery, genetic modification, photodynamic and photothermal therapies due to their distinct physicochemical properties, including photothermal convertibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and inherent capability to generate photodynamical radicals. However, successful treatments of cancer are largely hindered by the limited accessibility of nanomaterials into hypoxic or metastatic tumor tissues. Among the various tumor-targeting strategies, bacterial fabrication exhibits particular advantages such as specific hypoxia tropism, high motility, and rapid self-replication. Biomineralization, i.e. bacterial modification, involves the fabrication of bacteria by nanomaterials for precise cancer imaging as well as targeted drug delivery, overcoming the physiological barriers and improving the therapeutic efficiency. Fabrication of bacteria strains can be conducted by various methods, including direct adsorption, electrostatic interaction, covalent ligation, and surface precipitation. In this review, a brief introduction to commonly-utilized biomaterials and bacteria species is provided. A systemic overview of recent advances of bacteria fabrication strategies and techniques are then discussed, followed by future prospective of bacteria-facilitated cancer therapy and diagnostics.
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- 2021
16. From phosphorus to phosphorene: Applications in disease theranostics
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Yingying Liu, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Jinfeng Xu, Zhongjian Xie, Lin Kang, Defa Li, Faliang Cheng, Weichun Huang, Jianlong Kang, Yao Zhu, Swelm Wageh, Han Zhang, Jingfeng Li, Weiyuan Liang, Chaozhou Li, and Omar A. Al-Hartomy
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Low toxicity ,Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,Life activity ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Disease therapy ,Phosphorene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biological property ,Materials Chemistry ,Combined therapy ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Ultrasound irradiation - Abstract
As one of the main elements in the living organisms, phosphorus makes an important impact on the life activity. Phosphorus contained compounds have been widely applied in the biomedical field. As nanotechnology develops, a variety of phosphorus-based nanomaterials have also been developed for the biomedical application. The recently discovered superior biological property of two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), i.e. phosphorene, including low toxicity and biodegradability, makes it especially outstanding, such as biosensors for the disease diagnosis. Upon light or ultrasound irradiation on the phosphorene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or heat can be generated for the disease therapy. Moreover, phosphorene can smartly and efficiently deliver drugs. Thus, it is suitable in many single or combined therapy modalities. This short article reviews the progress from phosphorus to phosphorene to be used as biomedical materials, especially the phosphorene as the biosensor and sensitizer for the disease diagnosis and therapy, including the tumor, the neurodegenerative disease, the bone disease and other diseases. The challenges and prospective of the phosphorene for the biomedical applications are also discussed.
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- 2021
17. 2D materials for bone therapy
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Weichun Huang, Han Zhang, Fan Taojian, Zhongjian Xie, Hao Huang, Zhi Chen, Chenshuo Wu, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Guiqing Wang, Swelm Wageh, Jindong Chen, Chaozhou Li, Xiangjiang Wang, Xianjing Han, Fei Zheng, Tianzhong Li, and Omar A. Al-Hartomy
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Tissue Engineering ,business.industry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biocompatible Materials ,Prostheses and Implants ,Osteoarthritis ,medicine.disease ,Bone and Bones ,Bone tissue engineering ,Tissue engineering ,Humans ,Medicine ,Bone Diseases ,business ,Biomedicine ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Due to their prominent physicochemical properties, 2D materials are broadly applied in biomedicine. Currently, 2D materials have achieved great success in treating many diseases such as cancer and tissue engineering as well as bone therapy. Based on their different characteristics, 2D materials could function in various ways in different bone diseases. Herein, the application of 2D materials in bone tissue engineering, joint lubrication, infection of orthopedic implants, bone tumors, and osteoarthritis are firstly reviewed comprehensively together. Meanwhile, different mechanisms by which 2D materials function in each disease reviewed below are also reviewed in detail, which in turn reveals the versatile functions and application of 2D materials. At last, the outlook on how to further broaden applications of 2D materials in bone therapies based on their excellent properties is also discussed.
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- 2021
18. Navigating recent advances in monoelemental materials (Xenes)-fundamental to biomedical applications
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Karim Khan, Zaka Ullah, Zhe Shi, Han Zhang, Ponjar Joice Sophia, Rizwan Ur Rehman Sagar, Zhongyi Guo, Waqas Ahmad, Lude Wang, S. Saqib Shams, Chunyang Ma, Zhongjian Xie, Zhang Ye, Muhammad Iqbal, and Ayesha Khan Tareen
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Germanene ,Materials science ,Silicene ,Graphene ,law ,Borophene ,Stanene ,General Materials Science ,Nanotechnology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Electronic properties - Abstract
The emergence of new two-dimensional materials (2DMs), especially the monoelemental materials (Xenes), in various fields of technology for their uses has shown potential nature, additionally, to fundamental science, addressing the new discoveries. The 2DMs Xenes (e.g., Group-IIIA (Borophene (2D-B), Gallenene (2D-Ga), and Aluminene (2D-Al)) Group-IVA (Silicene (2D-Si), Germanene (2D-Ge), Stanene (2D-Sn), and Graphene (2D-G)), Group-VA (Phosphorous (2D-P), Arsenene (2D-As), Antimonene (2D-Sb), and Bismuthene (2D-Bi)), Group-VIA (Tellurene (2D-Te) and Selenene(2D-Se)) for synthetic exploration are chemically tractable materials as considered capable mediators for biomedical applications due to their outstanding chemical, physical, optical and electronic properties, as well as in more than a number of other new bio-uses. In this timely updated review, we explained in detail the categorization of 2D-Xenes derived from their bulkiness properties. We also summarized the modification in synthetic methods of 2D-Xenes as well as their general properties. Moreover, for different biomedical uses the representative 2D-Xenes nanoplatforms are highlighted. At the end of this review, 2D-Xenes in the biomedicines research progress, perspectives, and challenges are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
19. Vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fall in the vitamin D deficient elderly: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
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Zhongjian Xie and Yali Ling
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RC925-935 ,Vitamin d supplementation ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Meta-analysis ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Physiology ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Risk of fall ,business - Published
- 2021
20. Low-dimensional nanomaterials enabled autoimmune disease treatments: Recent advances, strategies, and future challenges
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Luxiao Chai, Yi-han Zuo, Ni Xie, Xing-xing Fan, Guohui Nie, Zhongjian Xie, Bin Zhang, and Han Zhang
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Autoimmune disease ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Autoimmune inflammation ,Nanotechnology ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Biocompatible material ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanomaterials ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Nanomaterials are playing an advancing critical role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of today’s human problems. By engineering with multi-active probes including biocompatible molecules, drugs, and target ligands, nanomaterials are able to inhibit or enhance the immune responses and prevent the detection ability of the immune system, thus treating autoimmune diseases. The present discussion systematically reviews the recent progress to treat autoimmune inflammation using nanomaterials of 0D, 1D, 2D, and composite systems. In addition, emphasis has laid on the using of nanomaterials-based immunotherapeutic strategies and the related autoimmune pathogenesis. Briefly discussions on current challenges and speculates on future directions have been provided to complement our drawbacks of present treatments on the basis of fascinating nanomaterials and novel nanotechnologies.
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- 2021
21. Nano-immunotherapy: Unique mechanisms of nanomaterials in synergizing cancer immunotherapy
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Liping Liu, Quan Liu, Yanhong Duo, Dickson Adah, Jianlong Kang, Han Zhang, Zhongjian Xie, Yihai Cao, Taojian Fan, Shiyun Bao, Zhe Sun, Meng Qiu, and Jianye Fu
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Combination therapy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Cancer ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Immunotherapy ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,Controlled release ,Immune checkpoint ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cell therapy ,Immune system ,Cancer immunotherapy ,medicine ,Cancer research ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of the immune system, including chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, neoantigen vaccines, and small molecule modulators emerges as one of the most effective therapeutic modalities for treating various cancers in human patients. However, clinical efficacies of these immunotherapeutics are generally modest and only a minority of cancer patients benefit from immunotherapy. Further, broad adverse effects, lack of reliable biomarkers, tumour relapses, drug resistance, and metastasis have become increasingly recognized concerns, which may restrain their clinical utility. Unlike most other anticancer strategies, nanomaterial-based therapeutics parade unique and distinct biological features to achieve precision targeting, local drug release, and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. As long-term and sustained release of immunotherapeutics are necessary for enhancing anticancer immunity, nanotechnology ensures accumulation of immunotherapuetics, controlled release, and precision delivery of immune drugs. Combination of these two therapeutic modalities would provide synergistic efficacy for effectively treating various cancers in human patients. To the best of our knowledge, the concept of combination therapy employing nanomaterials and immunotherapy has been overlooked. In this article, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying nano-immunotherapy and unique opportunities of nanotechnology in synergizing cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2021
22. Borophene-based biomedical applications: Status and future challenges
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Nasir Mahmood Abbasi, Guoxin Hu, Yanhong Duo, Lude Wang, Li Zihuang, Han Zhang, Zhongjian Xie, and Yang Tingqiang
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Inorganic Chemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Hexagonal crystal system ,Chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Borophene ,Nanotechnology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,MXenes ,Boron atom ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
Borophene is composed purely of boron atoms and arranged in a hexagonal structure with conventional covalent bonds between each boron atom. Recently, researchers have shown a burgeoning research interest in borophene, not only regarding industrial applications but also in the field of biomedicine. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent advances in borophene-based nano-medicine. We firstly introduce the structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal conductivity, biocompatibility, toxicity, photothermal and photodynamic effects of borophene. Subsequently, we fully discuss the differences between borophene, MXenes and graphene synthesized using traditional methods. Finally, we review the emerging use of borophenes as biosensors and therapeutics. We used strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis to assess both the current and future marketing potential of 2D based nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics. Current challenges and future perspectives for the use of borophene are additionally discussed.
- Published
- 2021
23. Advances in nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy applications: Status and challenges
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Yun Chen, Luo Xiaoling, Taojian Fan, Qiqiao Zeng, Jianming Chen, Han Zhang, Zhongjian Xie, Tingting Zheng, and Ping Xue
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medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Photodynamic therapy ,02 engineering and technology ,Nanomaterials ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neoplasms ,Humans ,Medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Photosensitizing Agents ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,eye diseases ,Nanostructures ,Tissue specificity ,Photochemotherapy ,Mechanics of Materials ,Ceramics and Composites ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a non-invasive therapeutic modality that is alternative to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is extensively investigated for cancer treatments. Although conventional organic photosensitizers (PSs) are still widely used and have achieved great progresses in PDT, the disadvantages such as hydrophobicity, poor stability within PDT environment and low cell/tissue specificity largely limit their clinical applications. Consequently, nano-agents with promising physicochemical and optical properties have emerged as an attractive alternative to overcome these drawbacks of traditional PSs. Herein, the up-to-date advances in the fabrication and fascinating applications of various nanomaterials in PDT have been summarized, including various types of nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and two-dimensional nanomaterials, etc. In addition, the current challenges for the clinical use of PDT, and the corresponding strategies to address these issues, as well as future perspectives on further improvement of PDT have also been discussed.
- Published
- 2020
24. Two distinct mechanisms by which phospholipase C-γ1 mediates epidermal growth factor-induced keratinocyte migration and proliferation
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Liyan Liao, Ying Chen, Jian Peng, Sally D. Pennypacker, Zhongjian Xie, Xiaoping Gao, and Sheng-hua Zhou
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Keratinocytes ,Time Factors ,Dermatology ,Biochemistry ,src Homology Domains ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Movement ,Epidermal growth factor ,Catalytic Domain ,Humans ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Keratinocyte migration ,Molecular Biology ,Protein kinase C ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell Proliferation ,Wound Healing ,Epidermal Growth Factor ,biology ,Phospholipase C ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,chemistry ,Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ,Mutation ,biology.protein - Published
- 2012
25. Phospholipase C-γ1 is required for the epidermal growth factor receptor-induced squamous cell carcinoma cell mitogenesis
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Zhongjian Xie, Sally D. Pennypacker, Yi Jiang, Ying Chen, Er-Yuan Liao, and Fu-You Liu
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Keratinocytes ,Cell ,Biophysics ,Mitosis ,Phospholipase ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Cell membrane ,Epidermal growth factor ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Nucleus ,Epidermal Growth Factor ,Phospholipase C ,biology ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Cell Membrane ,Cell Biology ,Cell biology ,ErbB Receptors ,Protein Transport ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Cancer research ,biology.protein - Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key driver in the process of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell mitogenesis. Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) is a downstream target of EGFR signaling, but the role and necessity of PLC-gamma1 in EGFR-induced cell mitogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we report an elevated expression of PLC-gamma1 in human SCC biopsies relative to adjacent normal epidermis, and in human SCC cell lines compared to normal human keratinocytes. EGFR-induced SCC cell mitogenesis was blocked by small interfering RNA knockdown of PLC-gamma1. However, inhibition of the catalytic activity of phospholipase C had no effect on EGFR-induced SCC cell mitogenesis. In response to the EGFR ligand epidermal growth factor (EGF), PLC-gamma1 was translocated not only to the plasma membrane but also to the nucleus. These data suggest that PLC-gamma1 is required for EGFR-induced SCC cell mitogenesis and the mitogenic function of PLC-gamma1 is independent of its lipase activity.
- Published
- 2010
26. The Recruitment of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase to the E-cadherin-Catenin Complex at the Plasma Membrane Is Required for Calcium-induced Phospholipase C-γ1 Activation and Human Keratinocyte Differentiation
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Daniel D. Bikle and Zhongjian Xie
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Keratinocytes ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Biology ,Phospholipase ,Models, Biological ,Biochemistry ,Calcium in biology ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phosphoinositide phospholipase C ,Humans ,Phosphatidylinositol ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Molecular Biology ,beta Catenin ,Calcium metabolism ,Phospholipase C ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Cell Membrane ,Catenins ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Cadherins ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Cell biology ,chemistry ,gamma Catenin ,Catenin complex - Abstract
Calcium induces epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, but the mechanism is not completely understood. We have previously demonstrated that calcium-induced human keratinocyte differentiation requires an intracellular calcium rise caused by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent activation of phospholipase C-gamma1. In this study we sought to identify the upstream signaling pathway necessary for calcium activation of PI3K and its subsequent activation of phospholipase C-gamma1. We found that calcium induces the recruitment of PI3K to the E-cadherin-catenin complex at the plasma membrane of human keratinocytes. Knocking-down E-cadherin, beta-catenin, or p120-catenin expression blocked calcium activation of PI3K and phospholipase C-gamma1 and calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. However, knocking-down gamma-catenin expression had no effect. Calcium-induced PI3K recruitment to E-cadherin stabilized by p120-catenin at the plasma membrane requires beta-catenin but not gamma-catenin. These data indicate that the recruitment of PI3K to the E-cadherin/beta-catenin/p120-catenin complex via beta-catenin at the plasma membrane is required for calcium-induced phospholipase C-gamma1 activation and, ultimately, keratinocyte differentiation.
- Published
- 2007
27. Calcium and 1,25(OH)2D: interacting drivers of epidermal differentiation
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Zhongjian Xie, Daniel D. Bikle, and Yuko Oda
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Keratinocytes ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Calcitriol receptor ,Paracrine signalling ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Calcium Signaling ,Vitamin D ,Autocrine signalling ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Calcium signaling ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,VDRE ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidermal Cells ,chemistry ,Molecular Medicine ,Keratinocyte - Abstract
Both calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D promote the differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro. The autocrine or paracrine production of 1,25(OH)(2)D by keratinocytes combined with the critical role of the epidermal calcium gradient in regulating keratinocyte differentiation in vivo suggest the physiologic importance of this interaction. The interactions occur at a number of levels. Calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D synergistically induce involucrin, a protein critical for cornified envelope formation. The involucrin promoter contains an AP-1 site essential for calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D induction and an adjacent VDRE essential for 1,25(OH)(2)D but not calcium induction. Calcium regulates coactivator complexes that bind to the Vitamin D receptor (VDR). Nuclear extracts from cells grown in low calcium contain an abundance of DRIP(205), whereas calcium induced differentiation leads to reduced DRIP(205) and increased SRC 3 which replaces DRIP in its binding to the VDR. In vivo models support the importance of 1,25(OH)(2)D-calcium interactions in epidermal differentiation. The epidermis of 1alphaOHase null mice fails to form a normal calcium gradient, has reduced expression of proteins critical for barrier function, and shows little recovery of the permeability barrier when disrupted. Thus in vivo and in vitro, calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D interact at multiple levels to regulate epidermal differentiation.
- Published
- 2004
28. Mice lacking 25OHD 1α-hydroxylase demonstrate decreased epidermal differentiation and barrier function
- Author
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Zhongjian Xie, Peter M. Elias, Kenneth R. Feingold, Debra Crumrine, Daniel D. Bikle, M. Man, Arnaud Rs, Hashem Z Elalieh, Sandra Chang, and Olivier Dardenne
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Stratum granulosum ,Lamellar granule ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Mice ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Barrier function ,DNA Primers ,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase ,Base Sequence ,integumentary system ,Epidermis (botany) ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Microscopy, Electron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidermal Cells ,Molecular Medicine ,Epidermis ,Keratinocyte ,Stratum basale ,Filaggrin - Abstract
Keratinocytes express high levels of 25OHD 1alpha-hydroxylase (1OHase). The product of this enzyme, 1,25(OH)(2)D, promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro. To test whether 1OHase activity is essential for keratinocyte differentiation in vivo we examined the differentiation process in mice null for the expression of the 1alphaOHase gene (1alphaOHase(-/-)) by light and electron microscopy, by immunocytochemistry for markers of differentiation, by ion capture cytochemistry for calcium localization, and by function using transepidermal water loss (TEWL) to assess barrier integrity. Levels of involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin-markers of differentiation in the keratinocyte and critical for the formation of the cornified envelope-were reduced in the epidermis of 1alphaOHase(-/-) mice. Calcium in the outer epidermis was reduced with loss of the calcium gradient from stratum basale to stratum granulosum. TEWL was normal in the resting state, but following disruption of the barrier, 1alphaOHase(-/-) mice had a markedly prolonged recovery of barrier function associated with a reduction in lamellar body secretion and a failure to reform the calcium gradient. Thus 1,25(OH)(2)D is essential for normal epidermal differentiation, most likely by inducing the proteins and mediating the calcium signaling in the epidermis required for the generation and maintenance of the barrier.
- Published
- 2004
29. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase Is Required for Optimal Epidermal Differentiation and Permeability Barrier Homeostasis
- Author
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Eung Ho Choi, Zhongjian Xie, Sandra Chang, Daniel D. Bikle, Hashem Z Elalieh, Peter M. Elias, Mao-Qiang Man, Kenneth R. Feingold, Debra Crumrine, Olivier Dardenne, and R. St Arnaud
- Subjects
calcitriol ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lameller bodies ,vitamin D ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Lamellar granule ,In Vitro Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Permeability ,involucrin ,Cornified envelope ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Involucrin ,Molecular Biology ,Barrier function ,030304 developmental biology ,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase ,Mice, Knockout ,calcium gradient ,0303 health sciences ,integumentary system ,Epidermis (botany) ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidermal Cells ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Loricrin ,Calcium ,Epidermis ,Keratinocyte ,Biomarkers ,Filaggrin - Abstract
Keratinocytes express high levels of 25OHD 1alpha-hydroxylase (1OHase). The product of this enzyme, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro suggesting an important role for this enzyme in epidermal differentiation. To test whether 1OHase activity is essential for keratinocyte differentiation in vivo we examined the differentiation process in mice null for the expression of the 1alphaOHase gene (1alphaOHase(-/-)). Heterozygotes for the null allele were bred, and the progeny genotyped by PCR. The epidermis of the 1alphaOHase(-/-) animals and their wild-type littermates (1alphaOHase(+/+)) were examined by histology at the light and electron microscopic level, by immunocytochemistry for markers of differentiation, and by function examining the permeability barrier using transepidermal water loss (TEWL). No gross epidermal phenotype was observed; however, immunocytochemical assessment of the epidermis revealed a reduction in involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin-markers of differentiation in the keratinocyte and critical for the formation of the cornified envelope. These observations were confirmed at the electron microscopic level, which showed a reduction in the F (containing filaggrin) and L (containing loricrin) granules and a reduced calcium gradient. The functional significance of these observations was tested using TEWL to evaluate the permeability barrier function of the epidermis. Although TEWL was normal in the basal state, following disruption of the barrier using tape stripping, the 1alphaOHase(-/-) animals displayed a markedly delayed recovery of normal barrier function. This delay was associated with a reduction in lamellar body secretion and a failure to reform the epidermal calcium gradient. Thus, the 25OHD 1OHase is essential for normal epidermal differentiation, most likely by producing the vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)(2)D, responsible for inducing the proteins regulating calcium levels in the epidermis that are critical for the generation and maintenance of the barrier.
- Published
- 2004
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30. The Vitamin D Response Element of the Involucrin Gene Mediates its Regulation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
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Kenneth R. Feingold, Yuko Oda, Dean Ng, Karen Hanley, Zhongjian Xie, and Daniel D. Bikle
- Subjects
keratinocytes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gene Expression ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Dermatology ,δP-1 ,Retinoid X receptor ,Calcium ,Biology ,Response Elements ,Transfection ,Biochemistry ,Calcitriol receptor ,involucrin ,Cornified envelope ,Calcitriol ,Vitamin D Response Element ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,vitamin D receptor ,DR3 ,RNA, Messenger ,Protein Precursors ,PBS ,PPARa ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Cells, Cultured ,integumentary system ,Drug Synergism ,Cell Biology ,AP-1 ,Cell biology ,Calcium Channel Agonists ,Retinoic acid receptor ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,LXR ,vitamin D response element ,Keratinocyte ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
Involucrin is a major protein of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes that provides much of the structural integrity of skin. Its expression is stimulated by a number of agents including calcium and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 that promote the differentiation process in keratinocytes. Within the distal regulatory region of the involucrin promoter lies an AP-1 site and an element homologous to other vitamin D response elements. In previous studies mutation of the AP-1 site was found to reduce basal activity and block calcium stimulation of the involucrin promoter, whereas the vitamin D response element was not critical for calcium regulation. In this study both elements proved to be important for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of the involucrin promoter. Mutation of the AP-1 site reduced basal activity and blocked 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of the involucrin promoter. In contrast, mutation of the vitamin D response element did not reduce basal expression of the involucrin promoter or prevent calcium stimulation of involucrin gene expression, but blocked 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation. The vitamin D response element from the involucrin gene bound the vitamin D receptor and the retinoid X receptor, but not the retinoic acid receptor, in a specific manner. We conclude that the AP-1 site and the vitamin D response element in the involucrin promoter play important roles in mediating the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on involucrin expression, but the vitamin D response element provides specificity for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 response lacking at the AP-1 site.
- Published
- 2002
31. Inhibition of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D-Induced Keratinocyte Differentiation by Blocking the Expression of Phospholipase C-γ1
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Daniel D. Bikle and Zhongjian Xie
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Cellular differentiation ,Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ,Dermatology ,Phospholipase ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phosphoinositide phospholipase C ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Protein Precursors ,Vitamin D ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Cells, Cultured ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Transglutaminases ,Phospholipase C ,Cell Differentiation ,Intracellular Membranes ,Cell Biology ,Oligonucleotides, Antisense ,Molecular biology ,Isoenzymes ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Type C Phospholipases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Calcium ,Signal transduction ,Keratinocyte - Abstract
Keratinocytes produce vitamin D3 and convert it to the most active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Phospholipase C-gamma1 is the most abundant member of the phospholipase C family in keratinocytes and is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Therefore, phospholipase C-gamma1 might be important in the signaling pathway mediating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3-induced keratinocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, phospholipase C-gamma1 expression in human keratinocytes was reduced by transfecting the cells with an antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 construct and then evaluating the response of the keratinocyte differentiation markers involucrin and transglutaminase to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The results showed that involucrin and transglutaminase protein and mRNA levels were markedly reduced in keratinocytes transfected by the antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 construct. Cotransfection of keratinocytes with the involucrin or transglutaminase promoter construct and the antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 construct showed decreased involucrin or transglutaminase promoter activity in response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. To further investigate the mechanism by which phospholipase C-gamma1 regulates keratinocyte differentiation, the calcium and inositol triphosphate levels in keratinocytes transfected by the antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 construct were measured following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration. The increase in keratinocyte intracellular free calcium and inositol triphosphate levels following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration were markedly reduced by the transfection of the antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 construct. These studies indicate that phospholipase C-gamma1 plays a critical role in the signal transduction pathway mediating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3-induced keratinocyte differentiation at least in part by mediating the increase in inositol triphosphate production and intracellular calcium mobilization following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration.
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- 2001
32. Calcium- and vitamin D-regulated keratinocyte differentiation
- Author
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D Ng, Zhongjian Xie, Yuko Oda, Chia-Ling Tu, and Daniel D. Bikle
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biology ,Calcium ,Biochemistry ,Cornified envelope ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Protein Precursors ,Vitamin D ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Protein kinase C ,Kinase ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Calcium-sensing receptor ,Signal transduction ,Keratinocyte ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) regulate the differentiation of keratinocytes. We have examined the mechanisms by which such regulation takes place, focusing primarily on the events leading to cornified envelope (CE) formation, in particular the mechanisms by which calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D regulate the induction of involucrin, a component of the CE, and transglutaminase, the enzyme cross-linking involucrin and other substrates to form the CE. Both extracellular calcium (Ca(o)) and 1,25(OH)(2)D raise intracellular free calcium (Ca(i)) as a necessary step toward stimulating differentiation. Cells lacking the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) or phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) fail to respond to Ca(o) or 1,25(OH)(2)D with respect to differentiation. Residing in the promoter of involucrin is a region responsive to calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D, the calcium response element (CaRE). The CaRE contains an AP-1 site, mutations of which result in loss of responsiveness to Ca(o) and 1,25(OH)(2)D, indicating a role for protein kinases C (PKC). PKC alpha is the major PKC isozyme involved at least for calcium-induced differentiation. Thus, the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation by calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D involves a number of signaling pathways including PLC and PKC activation, leading to the induction of proteins required for the differentiation process.
- Published
- 2001
33. The role of phospholipase C-γ1 in 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulated keratinocyte differentiation
- Author
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Zhongjian Xie and Daniel D. Bikle
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Tissue transglutaminase ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Phospholipase ,Calcium ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Calcitriol ,Vitamin D and neurology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Pharmacology ,biology ,Phospholipase C ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Organic Chemistry ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell biology ,Isoenzymes ,Steroid hormone ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Type C Phospholipases ,biology.protein ,Keratinocyte ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) is the most abundant member of the phospholipase C family expressed in human keratinocytes. PLC-gamma1 is induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) in normal keratinocytes via a DR6-type vitamin D responsive element. This regulation is not observed in transformed keratinocytes. The role of PLC-gamma1 in mediating 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and calcium-regulated differentiation was then tested. Both specific PLC inhibitors and antisense constructs which selectively block PLC-gamma1 production prevented 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and calcium from inducing markers of differentiation such as involucrin and transglutaminase. These studies demonstrate that PLC-gamma1 induction by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) is critical to the ability of this hormone to regulate keratinocyte differentiation.
- Published
- 2001
34. Phospholipase C-γ1 Is Required for Calcium-induced Keratinocyte Differentiation
- Author
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Daniel D. Bikle and Zhongjian Xie
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Blotting, Western ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Phospholipase ,Biology ,Calcium ,Biochemistry ,DNA, Antisense ,Calcium in biology ,Phosphoinositide phospholipase C ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Involucrin ,Cells, Cultured ,Calcium metabolism ,Phospholipase C ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,Isoenzymes ,chemistry ,Type C Phospholipases ,Signal transduction - Abstract
Phospholipase C-gamma1 is the most abundant member of the phospholipase C family in keratinocytes and is induced by calcium. Phospholipase C-gamma1, therefore, may be involved in the signal transduction system leading to calcium regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, expression of phospholipase C-gamma1 in human keratinocytes was blocked by transfecting cells with the antisense human phospholipase C-gamma1 cDNA construct. These cells demonstrated a dramatic reduction in phospholipase C-gamma1 protein level compared with the empty vector-transfected cells and a marked reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of the differentiation markers involucrin and transglutaminase following administration of calcium. Similarly, cotransfection of antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 constructs with a luciferase reporter vector containing involucrin or transglutaminase promoters led to a substantial reduction in calcium-stimulated involucrin and transglutaminase promoter activities. Similar results were seen following treatment with a specific phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. To determine whether phospholipase C-gamma1 regulated differentiation by controlling intracellular calcium, we examined the ability of antisense phospholipase C-gamma1 to block the calcium-induced rise in intracellular calcium and found that it could. These findings indicate that phospholipase C-gamma1 is a critical component of the signaling pathway mediating calcium regulation of keratinocyte differentiation via its mobilization of intracellular calcium.
- Published
- 1999
35. Cloning of the Human Phospholipase C-γ1 Promoter and Identification of a DR6-type Vitamin D-responsive Element
- Author
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Zhongjian Xie and Daniel D. Bikle
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,TATA box ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Restriction Mapping ,Chimeric gene ,Phospholipase C gamma ,Phospholipase ,Biology ,Transfection ,Biochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Primer extension ,Calcitriol ,Humans ,Vitamin D ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Sequence Deletion ,Binding Sites ,PLCE1 ,Base Sequence ,Phospholipase C ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Isoenzymes ,Type C Phospholipases ,Receptors, Calcitriol ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The 5'-flanking region of the human phospholipase C-gamma1 gene was isolated from a human P1 genomic DNA library. The S1-nuclease mapping and primer extension analysis revealed that there is a single transcriptional start site located at 135 bases upstream from the translation start codon in the human phospholipase C-gamma1 gene. DNA sequence analysis showed that the sequence around the transcriptional start site is very GC-rich and has no TATA box. The fragment +135 to -877 in the 5'-flanking region of the human phospholipase C-gamma1 gene was subcloned into a luciferase reporter vector. The chimeric gene produced a high level of luciferase activity and responded to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in transiently transfected human keratinocytes. Deletion and mutation studies of the fragment +135 to -877 demonstrated a vitamin D-responsive element that contains a motif arranged as two direct repeats separated by 6 bases (DR6), AGGTCAgaccacTGGACA, located between -786 and -803 base pairs. Incubation of the oligonucleotide containing the DR6 with keratinocyte nuclear extracts produced a specific protein-DNA complex that shifted to a higher molecular weight form upon the addition of an antibody specific to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor. Therefore, the 5'-flanking region of the human phospholipase C-gamma1 gene confers promoter activity and contains a DR6-type vitamin D-responsive element that mediates, at least in part, the enhanced expression of this gene in human keratinocytes by 1, 25-(OH)2D3.
- Published
- 1997
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