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Manganese-based catalysts attract extensive attentions in low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxide (NOIn this work, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer and density functional theory are combined to reveal surface characterizations of manganese oxide and Ce/La-doped manganese oxides.As a result, superoxide radical (O

A durable and high-flux superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic oil-water separation membrane was prepared for effective oil-water separation by cellulose-starch-silica surface charging and hydrophilization. The surface properties of the composite coating nylon membrane were characterized by contact angle and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical structures of this membrane were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. This membrane showed excellent hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity. After modified, the water contact angle of the membrane attained 0, and the underwater oil contact angles reached 159.5. The cellulose-starch-silica composite coating nylon membrane exhibited high oil-water separation efficiency (99.8%) for hexane, and it was also efficient for cyclohexane, petroleum ether, diesel, soybean oil, lubricating oil and silicone oil. Besides, the membrane flux could reach 31847 L−1m−2 h−1 bar−1. It showed this membrane had a high efficiency for oil-water separation. The modified nylon membrane was durable for oil-water separation. The separation efficiency could still retained above 97% after 100 cycles, and the modified nylon membrane still worked well after 24 h in harsh environment (pH value 4 to 10). The whole separation process could be achieved successfully without depending on any extra power. This work provided a new strategy to fabricate superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membrane with good reusability, high flux and stability for oil-water separation.

In our previous proteomics study, we identified Miro domain-containing protein (Miro-1), an excretory and secretory product of the pole worm, Haemonchus contortus, binds to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo. However, our understanding of the role of Miro-1and its potential immune impact on goat PBMCs is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Miro-1 on functions of goat PBMCs in vitro. Recombinant protein (rMiro-1) was expressed in a prokaryote and incubated with goat PBMCs. Western blot analysis showed that rMiro-1 is successfully recognized by goat sera infected with H. contortus. Immunofluorescence analysis using rat antibodies against rMiro-1 indicated that this protein binds to goat PBMCs in vitro. Treatment of goat PBMCs/monocytes with various concentrations of rMiro-1 resulted in the upregulation of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17, which in turn promoted cell proliferation, migration, the release of NO in PBMCs, and enhancement of phagocytosis of monocytes. These findings suggested that rMiro-1 stimulates PBMCs activity.

For the first time, a heterostructure was synthesized by bismuth oxychloride and Zn-Cr layered double hydroxide. A novel membrane photocatalyst was then obtained by dispersing the heterostructure in polyvinylidene fluoride. Under visible light, the membrane removed 99.9% of Rhodamine B after 240 min. Under sun light, the removal even reached over 80% after 360 min. The heterostructure effectively inhibited the recombination of electron–hole pairs and promoted the production of active species, thus improving the natural-light activity. The degradation mechanism for Rhodamine B was attributed to photocatalysis and photosensitization. Moreover, the formation of membrane improved the reusage of photocatalyst. Therefore, this work put forward a potential natural-light photocatalyst for a real application.

In the field of selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, metal-species and loading-amount regulations were usually investigated to increase the catalytic activity. For the first time, this work investigated the influence of metal coordination state on the catalytic activity. Catalysts with different coordination states were compared by experiments and theoretical calculations. With the increase of coordination state, crystallinity improved, lone-pair-electron amount increased from 7.0∗104 to 1.5∗106, and catalytic-enter ability for electron donating enhanced from 0.376 to 0.430 |e−|. In comparison, oxide-state catalyst only showed a charge of 0.294 |e−|. As a result, the catalytic activity of oxide state was only 39.45% at 350 °C. The activity increased to 59.46, 76.75, and 98.62% in poor, weak, and good coordination state, respectively. If this result was applied in producing honeycomb catalyst, adding ligand increased the total price by 4%. However, the total cost was reduced by 48% for end users since increased activity decreased usage amount. After all, main results of this work will help to produce a more effective catalyst with a same metal-loading amount by controlling coordination state, which is in favor of both industrial and academic fields.

A G2P[4]/NSP4[A] rotavirus strain TB-Chen was isolated from a 2-year-old patient hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Kunming, China. The strain TB-Chen was demonstrated having group A-specific antigenicity, a “short” (subgroup II) electropherotype. To investigate its overall genomic relatedness and to determine which group it belonged, the complete genome of strain TB-Chen was determined. Genomic comparison based on amino acid sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 11 gene segments of strain TB-Chen were highly identical (>91.80%) with the representative G2P[4]/NSP4[A] human strains DS-1, S2, NR1 and IS2, suggesting that this rotavirus strain was derived from human host. Besides, almost all the available representative rotavirus gene segments among group A were analyzed and identified within 15 G-types, 28 P-types, and 6 NSP4 genotypes. This is the first report of group A rotavirus genomic analyses in China and the findings have important implications for rotavirus vaccine development.

Rotavirus capsid protein Vp4 plays an important role in the virus adhering and entering the cells. In this study, a Vp4 gene cloned from a rotavirus strain TB-Chen was highly expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The results of the Western blot showed that the protein possesses specific immuno-reactivities and can be specifically recognized by guinea pig antibodies against rotavirus strain SA11 or Wa. Some Vp4 dimers were formed during renaturation. These data obtained from this study provide a strong basis for further study on the structure and function of the Vp4.

It has been demonstrated that the immunodominant region of the HCV core protein and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have high degree of reactivity. In order to construct a chimeric protein that carries HCV and HBV epitopes and possesses immunogenicity to both HCV and HBV, four epitopes derived from residues aa2-21 (epitope C1), aa22-40 (epitope C2) of the core protein, residues aa315-328 (epitope E) of E1 protein of HCV, and residues aa124-147 (epitope S) of HBsAg were chosen to be displayed in a conformation-specific manner on the outer surface of the Flock House virus capsid protein and expressed in E. coli cells. The reactivity of these epitopes with antisera from hepatitis C and hepatitis B patients and induction of immune response in guinea pigs were determined. The results showed that when displayed in this system, the chimeric protein carrying only epitope S could react with anti-HBsAg positive human sera, elicit an anti-HBsAg response in guinea pigs. The chimeric protein carrying epitopes C1, C2 and E could react with antibodies to different HCV genotypes, elicit an anti-HCV response in guinea pigs. The chimeric protein carrying epitopes C1, C2, E, and S could react with antibodies against HCV and HBV, elicit anti-HCV and anti-HBsAg responses in guinea pigs. The results suggested that these epitopes displayed in this form could be considered for development of epitope-based vaccines against HCV/HBV infections.