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Cotton is an important textile industry raw material crops, which plays a critical role in the development of society. MADS transcription factors (TFs) play a key role about the flowering time, flower development, and abiotic stress responses in plants, but little is known about their functions on abiotic stress in cotton. In this study, a MIKC

According to the geometrical characteristics of cylindricity error, a method for cylindricity error evaluation using Geometry Optimization Searching Algorithm (GOSA) has been presented. The optimization method and linearization method and uniform sampling could not adopt in the algorithm. The principle of the algorithm is that a hexagon are collocated based on the reference points in the starting and the end measured section respectively, the radius value of all the measured points are calculated by the line between the vertexes of the hexagon in the starting and the end measured section as the ideal axes, the cylindricity error value of corresponding evaluation method (include minimum zone cylinder method (MZC), minimum circumscribed cylinder method (MCC) and maximum inscribed cylinder method (MIC)) are obtained according to compare, judgment and arranged hexagon repeatedly. The principle and step of using the algorithm to solve the cylindricity error is detailed described and the mathematical formula and program flowchart are given. The experimental results show that the cylindricity error can be evaluated effectively and exactly using this algorithm.

A new method for roundness error evaluation using polar coordinate system, named as polar coordinate transform algorithm (PCTA), was presented in this paper. The algorithm first allocates a circular region around the least square circle center following certain rules, then calculates the polar radius for all measured points by translating polar coordinate system to each point in the region in turn, and finally obtains minimum circumscribed center point, maximum inscribed center point and minimum zone center point from comparing each polar radius relative to each polar coordinate system. With accurate center point, the algorithm could give more accurate roundness evaluation. In the paper, the process of PCTA was described in detail including the algorithm formula and flowchart. Theoretical calculation and testing results show that PCTA can evaluate roundness error effectually and accurately.

Pure Ni and Ni–CeO 2 nanocomposite coatings were prepared by direct current electrodeposition (DC) and pulse current electrodeposition (PC) and pulse current electrodeposition with ultrasound (PC+ultrasound), respectively. The oxidation resistance at 800 °C of three Ni–CeO 2 nanocomposite coatings were comparatively investigated. The microstructure of the three nanocomposite coatings before and after oxidation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the electrodeposition methods can significantly affect the microstructure and the oxidation resistance of Ni–CeO 2 nanocomposite coatings and those of the pure Ni coatings. For the same electrodeposition methods, the oxidation resistance of the Ni–CeO 2 nanocomposite coatings is clearly superior to the pure Ni coatings. The PC+ultrasound nanocomposite coating has finer grains and exhibits a superior oxidation resistance compared to the DC nanocomposite coating and also the PC nanocomposite coating. The dispersed CeO 2 nanoparticles in the coating and the ultrasound agitation during electrodeposition synthetically contribute to the grain refinement of the nanocomposite coatings. Meanwhile, ultrasound agitation further promotes the grain refinement effect of the co-deposited CeO 2 nanoparticles. Significant improvement in oxidation resistance of Ni–CeO 2 nanocomposite coatings can be attributed to the homogeneously dispersed CeO 2 nanoparticles and the finer-grained structure.

Ni–CeO2 composite coatings were developed by electrodeposition method from a nickel sulfamate solution containing CeO2 particles. The content of codeposited CeO2 in the composite coatings was controlled by the addition of different CeO2 particles concentrations in the solution. The tribological performance of Ni–CeO2 composite coatings and pure Ni coating were comparatively investigated sliding against AISI 1045 steel under non-lubricated condition, with the effect of the CeO2 content on the friction and wear behaviors of the composite coatings to be emphasized. The present study shows that the codeposited CeO2 particles in deposit decrease the friction coefficient and reduce the wear weight loss. Moreover, the friction and wear behaviors of Ni–CeO2 composite coatings are closely related with CeO2 content. Namely, the composite coating with a lower CeO2 content of 2.3 wt.% shows somewhat increased wear resistance than the pure Ni coating, while the composite coating with a higher CeO2 content has much better wear resistance than the pure Ni coating.