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Endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) can preserve the stomach; however, the remaining stomach can develop second gastric cancer. Few reports have prospectively investigated the incidence and treatment outcomes of second gastric cancer.This post-hoc analysis used the dataset of the single-arm confirmatory trial, JCOG0607. The key inclusion criteria for JCOG0607 were solitary differentiated-type EGC and no previous gastrectomy or endoscopic treatment for EGC. Three hundred seventeen patients who underwent curative ER were included in this study. Surveillance endoscopy was performed 1 to 3 months after the initial ER and subsequently annually for at least 5 years. A lesion detected ≤1 year and1 year after the initial ER was defined as overlooked gastric cancer (OGC) and metachronous gastric cancer (MGC), respectively.During a median follow-up period of 6.0 years (interquartile range, 5.1-7.0), 30 OGCs and 61 MGCs were detected in 24 and 48 patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence of OGC at 1 year and MGC at 5 years was 7.6% and 12.7%, respectively. ER and gastrectomy were performed in 85 lesions and 6 lesions, respectively. Pathologic evaluation showed 78 mucosal cancers, 12 submucosal cancers, and 1 advanced cancer. Eventually, 28 OGCs and 52 MGCs fulfilled the pathologic criteria for curative ER.Our study was the first to reveal the actual incidence of second gastric cancer after curative ER for differentiated-type gastric cancer. Most lesions could be treated with ER. Continuous endoscopic surveillance after curative ER is important to detect second gastric cancer.

To investigate Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD) effects on structures of turbulence near a free surface, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of free surface turbulent flows imposed on a wall-normal magnetic field were conducted under the friction Reynolds number 400 with the Hartmann number 0, 10, 14, and 16. As the results, we can succeed to obtain the all information to develop and validate the RANS model such as a k-epsilon model. Near free surface, the MHD dissipation term of the turbulent kinetic energy shows the dominant contribution, but one of the turbulent dissipation rate gives little influence for the transport process. Furthermore, the validity of the modeling of MHD effects on the free-surface proposed by Smolentsev et al., Int. J. Eng. Sci. (2002) was shown by means of the present DNS database.

In this study, we succeeded in establishing DNS database significantly increased the range of Reynolds number and Hartmann numbers for the epsilon transport equation in turbulent channel flows imposed on a wall-normal uniform magnetic field. Maximum friction Reynolds number based on the channel half-height is 1000 with the Hartmann number based on the channel half-height, 0, 24, and 34. The contribution of MHD source term derived from Lorentz force on the turbulent dissipation process is very small. However, modulation of the other terms in this process was remarkably observed with Hartmann number increasing. The turbulent dissipation process under the MHD effects is similar under the same R condition, where R is the Reynolds number based on the Hartmann layer thickness and the laminar centerline velocity.

Zero-equation heat transfer models based on the constant turbulent Prandtl number are evaluated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for fully developed channel flows imposed on a uniform wall-normal magnetic field. Quasi-theoretical turbulent Prandtl numbers are estimated by DNS data of various molecular Prandtl number fluids. From the viewpoint of highly-accurate magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) heat transfer prediction, the parameters of the turbulent eddy viscosity of the k – ɛ model are optimized under the magnetic fields. Consequently, we use the zero-equation model based on a constant turbulent Prandtl number to demonstrate MHD heat transfer, and show the applicability of using this model to predict the heat transfer.

The Internet of things (IoT) plays important roles in the servitization of manufacturing, especially in B2B businesses. This discussion addresses the potential of IoT in B2C businesses for the domain of consumer electronics. It presents an analytical example of 600 users’ smart appliance logs combined with responses to a questionnaire survey on their lifestyles to clarify consumers’ daily behaviors. This study examines the log data format which might be used for the design of new products, maintenance, or services. Finally, simulation results demonstrate how smart appliance data are expected to be useful for mass customization or creation of new services.

The high-Prandtl number passive scalar transport of the turbulent channel flow imposed a wall-normal magnetic field is investigated through the large-scale direct numerical simulation (DNS). All essential turbulence scales of velocities and temperature are resolved by using 2048 × 870 × 1024 computational grid points in stream, vertical, and spanwise directions. The heat transfer phenomena for a Prandtl number of 25 were observed under the following flow conditions: the bulk Reynolds number of 14,000 and Hartman number of up to 28. These values were equivalent to the typical nondimensional parameters of the fusion blanket design proposed by Wong et al. As a result, a high-accuracy DNS database for the verification of magnetohydrodynamic turbulent heat transfer models was established for the first time, and it was confirmed that the heat transfer correlation for a Prandtl number of 5.25 proposed by Yamamoto and Kunugi was applicable to the Prandtl number of 25 used in this study.

Background & Aims Esophagectomy is the standard treatment for stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We conducted a single-arm prospective study to confirm the efficacy and safety of selective chemoradiotherapy (CRT) based on findings from endoscopic resection (ER). Methods We performed a prospective study of patients with T1b (SM1–2) N0M0 thoracic ESCC from December 2006 through July 2012; 176 patients underwent ER. Based on the findings from ER, patients received the following: no additional treatment for patients with pT1a tumors with a negative resection margin and no lymphovascular invasion (group A); prophylactic CRT with 41.4 Gy delivered to locoregional lymph nodes for patients with pT1b tumors with a negative resection margin or pT1a tumors with lymphovascular invasion (group B); or definitive CRT (50.4 Gy) with a 9-Gy boost to the primary site for patients with a positive vertical resection margin (group C). Chemotherapy comprised 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The primary end point was 3-year overall survival in group B, and the key secondary end point was 3-year overall survival for all patients. If lower limits of 90% confidence intervals for the primary and key secondary end points exceeded the 80% threshold, the efficacy of combined ER and selective CRT was confirmed. Results Based on the results from pathology analysis, 74, 87, and 15 patients were categorized into groups A, B, and C, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rates were 90.7% for group B (90% confidence interval, 84.0%–94.7%) and 92.6% in all patients (90% confidence interval, 88.5%–95.2%). Conclusions In a prospective study of patients with T1b (SM1–2) N0M0 thoracic ESCC, we confirmed the efficacy of the combination of ER and selective CRT. Efficacy is comparable to that of surgery, and the combination of ER and selective CRT should be considered as a minimally invasive treatment option. UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry no.: UMIN000000553.

Heat transfer degradation in high Prandtl number fluid was evaluated via direct numerical simulation (DNS). Target flow fields were fully developed turbulent channel flows imposed a wall-normal magnetic field in the high and low Prandtl number conditions (Pr = 5.25 and 0.025, respectively). Values of the bulk Reynolds number (Re b = 14,000) and the Hartmann number (Ha = 0–32) were set to be equivalent to those of the previous experimental study by Yokomine et al. The numerical results of the Nusselt number for the high Prandtl number fluid were in good agreement with the experimental results by Yokomine et al. However, the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) effect on the heat transfer degradation was considerably larger than the empirical correlation proposed by Blum, particularly in the large interaction parameter range. On the other hand, the DNS results for the low Prandtl number fluid were consistent with the empirical correlation proposed by Blum and the experimental results by Gardner and Lykoudis. Therefore, we proposed a new correlation of the MHD heat transfer in high Prandtl number fluid (Pr = 5.25), and suggested that the empirical correlation proposed by Blum could be recommended for low Prandtl number fluid in the large interaction parameter range.

(Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu phosphors for white LED lamps were prepared and their luminescence properties were investigated. A red shift of emission wavelength occurred when Ca was partially replaced by Y. Raising the sintering temperature also caused the red shift. As a result, the peak emission wavelength varied from 585 nm to 608 nm, with increasing of the Y content and the sintering temperature, and therefore the chromaticity range of (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON phosphors extended to longer wavelength by these results. The corresponding correlated color temperature (CCT) of white LED lamps using (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu also extended to the temperature as low as 1700 K.

The superplastic deformation of nano-sized (∼68 nm) Si3N4 ceramics has been studied in compression over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. The experimental results revealed, for the first time, a transition in the stress exponent (n) at each temperature. The n values decreased from ∼2 to ∼1 with increasing stress. The activation energy was also different for the two regions, decreasing from 858.2 kJ/mol in the n ∼ 2 region to 571.8 kJ/mol in the n ∼ 1 region. Concurrent grain growth occurred during deformation tests; however, grain growth was not accompanied by obvious strain hardening due to the strong texture developed. Assessment of possible rate controlling deformation mechanism indicated that in the n ∼ 2 region, superplastic behavior was considered to be controlled by the interface-reaction controlled solution-precipitation process with two-dimensional nucleation, whereas deformation in the n ∼ 1 region was controlled by a grain boundary sliding process accommodated by a diffusion-controlled solution-precipitation.

The grain-boundary phase of hot-pressed Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 –Si 3 N 4 and Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 –Si 3 N 4 compositions was characterized using a transmission electron microscopy. In the case of the Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 –Si 3 N 4 composition the multiple-grain junction pockets were completely crystalline and in the Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 –Si 3 N 4 case the pockets were partially crystalline. The thin intergranular amorphous film presented at two-grain junctions was common in the two compositions. The thickness of the thin film was 0.5–1.0 nm for the Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 –Si 3 N 4 composition and 1.6–2.3 nm for the Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 –Si 3 N 4 composition. On the other hand, the two compositions were fractured in four-point flexure, at temperatures between 25 and 1600 °C, in a dry N 2 atmosphere. At and below 1400 °C, only linear stress–strain response was observed for each composition. Nonlinear response was observed in the stress–strain curves for temperatures at and above 1500 °C for the Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 –Si 3 N 4 composition, while this response was observed at 1600 °C for the Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 –Si 3 N 4 composition. The flexural strength of the Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 –Si 3 N 4 composition was greater, compared to that of the Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 –Si 3 N 4 composition.

Rare-earth silicon-oxynitride J-phases, Ln 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 (Ln=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), were prepared by the N 2 gas-pressured sintering method at 1 MPa of N 2 and 1500–1700 °C. The Rietveld analysis was carried out for X-ray powder diffraction data measured at room temperature. The crystal structures of Ln 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 were refined with the structure model of La 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 for Ln=La, Pr, Nd, and Sm, and with that of Lu 4 Si 2 O 7 N 2 for Ln=Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. The refined monoclinic unit-cell parameters (lengths a , b , c , angles β , and volume V ) increased linearly in their two series of Ln with increasing ionic radii of rare-earth atoms. Discontinuities of the unit-cell parameters were found between the two Ln series.

Platinum–iridium alloy coatings from amidosulfuric acid solutions have successfully been electrodeposited on nickel-base single crystal superalloy TMS-75 by direct current method. The effects of electrolyte temperature, current density and mole concentration ratios of [Ir3+]/([PtCl62−]+[Ir3+]), on the deposition rate, composition and crystallographic structures of Pt–Ir alloy coatings are investigated. It is found that with increasing electrolyte temperature, deposition rate and Ir content increase, whereas the grain size of Pt–Ir alloy coatings decreases. Smooth and dense Pt–Ir alloy coatings can be obtained at 1 A/dm2 and 353 K. Pt–Ir alloy coatings with expected compositions can be readily fabricated by controlling the mole concentration ratios of [Ir3+]/([PtCl62−]+[Ir3+]) in the electrolyte. A detailed investigation of the structure and morphology of electrodeposited Pt–Ir alloy coatings is also presented. XRD analysis revealed that all the coated Pt–Ir alloys have a single phase with f.c.c structure, and the lattice parameters of the coatings decrease linearly with increasing Ir content, suggesting that the coated Pt–Ir alloy system follows the Vegard's law.

Lu2Si2O7–Si3N4 and Lu4Si2O7N2–Si3N4 composition ceramics were hot-pressed sintered. Microstructure was characterized by using scanning electron microscope and quantitative image analysis. The Lu2Si2O7–Si3N4 composition showed a fine-grained microstructure with average grain diameter size of 0.27 μm, whereas the grains of Lu4Si2O7N2–Si3N4 composition were coarser with an average grain diameter of 0.48 μm. On the other hand, fracture toughness of the two compositions was evaluated by means of Vickers indentation crack size measurements. Fracture toughness of Lu4Si2O7N2–Si3N4 composition was greater than that of Lu2Si2O7–Si3N4 composition. The greater fracture toughness for Lu4Si2O7N2–Si3N4 composition was predominantly caused by increase in grain size and volume fraction of needle-like Si3N4 grains compared with Lu2Si2O7–Si3N4 composition.

The oxidation behavior of liquid-phase sintered SiC, with AlN and Er2O3 additives, was investigated in air between 1200 °C and 1400 °C, for up to 200 h. The material showed high oxidation resistance at and below 1300 °C, however, the oxidation resistance degraded significantly at 1400 °C. The parabolic weight gain versus oxidation time was measured only for the period of 30–200 h. The apparent oxidation activation energy, Q, was determined to be ≈600 kJ/mol. The major oxidation products consisted of SiO2 (α-cristobalite) and Er2Si2O7. These oxidation products crystallized from the surface amorphous silicate phase during oxidation. The morphology of the microstructure of the oxidized surfaces was shown to be dependent on oxidation temperature. The most probably rate-limiting step was the migration of additive cations along the residual intergranular amorphous phase to the interface between the oxide layer and the SiC bulk.

An Yb2O3–SiO2-doped Si3N4 ceramic, with a composition directly on the Si3N4–Yb4Si2O7N2 tie line, was hot-pressed sintered, and the slow crack growth (SCG) behavior was then characterized in four strain rates at 1000 and 1400 °C, respectively, using the specimens pre-cracked with a Vickers indentation of 98 N. At 1000 °C, the fracture stress of the pre-cracked specimen remained nearly constant for all strain rates used, indicating the absence of SCG. In contrast, at 1400 °C the fracture stress decreased with decreasing strain rate due to the presence of SCG. However, the fracture stress increased at the lowest strain rate. This increase was attributed to further crystallization in the grain boundary phase. Moreover, the fracture stress of the specimens tested at 1400 °C was higher than that at 1000 °C, due to a toughening effect occurring during testing.

The elastic moduli and fracture toughness of hot-pressed Si3N4 ceramics, using 1.68, 3.33, 6.52 and 12.51 wt.% of Lu2O3 additives, were studied by means of ultrasonic measurements and Vickers indentation crack size measurements, respectively. The elastic moduli were found to increase with the amount of Lu2O3 additive for silicon nitride which was not completely densified. However, the elastic moduli remained nearly constant independent on the amount of additive for completely dense silicon nitride. The elastic moduli of completely dense silicon nitride should reach the following average values: shear modulus G=132 GPa, Young's modulus E=338 GPa, bulk modulus B=255 GPa and Poisson's ratio ν=0.28. On the other hand, the fracture toughness showed a clear dependence of additive amount for both incompletely and completely dense silicon nitride ceramics. The fracture toughness increased with additive amount over the range 1.68 to 12.51 wt.% Lu2O3. The improvement in the fracture toughness with the amount of additive was mainly attributed to elongated grain growth during the sintering process.

The flexural strength of Lu2O3-doped hot-pressed sintering Si3N4 was studied in N2 at elevated temperatures. The high-temperature strength above 1400°C was significantly improved due to Lu2O3 addition. This was attributed to the formation of a grain boundary phase, with a higher melting point, which was extensively crystallized during the sintering process.

Compressive superplastic deformations of nano-size Si 3 N 4 ceramics with different amounts of sintering additives were investigated at 1500 °C. The stress exponents of all specimens were determined to be ∼2 in the lower stress region, and ∼1 in the higher stress region, while the dependency of strain rates on additive contents was observed only in the higher stress region. This indicates that the deformation was controlled by a diffusion process in the higher stress region and by an interface reaction process in the lower stress region.

Su1505 Salvage Endoscopic Resection for Local Failure After Radiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cancer Hogara Nishisaki*, Yoshinobu Yamamoto, Ikuya Miki, Masahiro Tsuda, Hideto Inokuchi Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan Background: Endoscopic resection(ER;endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was widely performed for superficial esophageal carcinoma in Japan. However, efficacy and safety of salvage ER for remnant and recurrent lesion with fibrosis after radiotherapy(RT) was little evaluated. Aims: To clarify the efficacy and safety of salvage ER for local failure after RT for esophageal cancer. Methods; We performed a single-institute retrospective study. The patients with local failure after radiotherapy (RT) for esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) were enrolled . We evaluated the rate of curative resection, adverse events and toxicity related to ER. Results: We enrolled 16 patients with 19 lesions. 15 patients were male and one was female, and their median age was 63 (range: 50-85).The tumor location was the upper esophagus in 7 lesions, middle esophagus in 6 lesions and lower esophagus in 6 lesions. The baseline clinical stages before RT or local resection were : stage I in 12, stage II in 2, stage III in one and, stage IV in one patients. The irradiation dose for patients 60Gy in 13 patients, 50.4Gy in 2 patients and 70Gy in one patient. The failure patterns were recurrence after achieving a CR with CRT in 11 patients, and residual tumor just after CRT in 5 patients. The median tumor length was 22mm (range 8-55mm), and the circumference of the lumen was 12 lesions in 1/4, and 5 lesions in 1/4-1/2, and 2lesions in 1/2 . The T stage of the recurrent lesion was T1 in all patients. 7 lesions were performed with EMR, 12 lesions were performed with ESD. None of them had clinical lymph node or distant metastasis on CT evaluation before ER. The rate of en block, curative resection were 79%(15/19) and 79%(15/9),respectively. Esophageal stricture was observed in % (3/16). Neither bleeding nor perforation was observed. At the median follow up period of 28 months (range 3-135), no local recurrence and no metastasis was detected in 12 patients, the local recurrence was detected in one, the lymph node metastasis was detected in two patients, and the liver metastasis was detected in one patients. Conclusion: Salvage ER is a curative treatment option for patients with local failure after RT for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.