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BACKGROUND The cytogenetics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increases exponentially with age. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients have specific psychosocial and other challenges, influencing their ability to access appropriate treatment. Therefore, in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for AML, inferior outcomes would be observed in AYA patients compared to children. METHODS We defined the age range of AYA patients as 15 to 29 years. Sixty-three patients who underwent allo-HSCT from 1998 to 2020 at Chang Gung Children Hospital were enrolled in this study. Overall survival was the time duration from HSCT to death from any cause. Disease-free survival was the time duration from HSCT to the last follow-up or first event (failure to achieve complete remission, relapse, secondary malignancy, or death from any cause). RESULTS Thirty-seven (59%) patients were

Ag mesh transparent conductive films (TCFs) were prepared on the commercial FTO/Glass substrate by ultrafast laser direct writing, trying to improve its overall photoelectric performances. The effects of laser scanning speed, laser fluence and Ag mesh height on photoelectric properties of the Ag mesh/FTO TCFs were systematically studied. The results indicated that a small scanning speed or a high laser fluence would cause excessive ablation of the FTO film and result in an increased Ag mesh line width, which was detrimental to the photoelectric properties of the resulting TCF. It was found that the optimal parameters for fabricating Ag mesh/FTO TCFs were a laser scanning speed of 2200 mm/s, a laser fluence of 0.050 J/cm2 and an Ag mesh height of 2500 nm. The as-fabricated TCF possessed the highest figure of merit of 13.03 × 10−2 Ω−1, which was significantly superior to that of the commercial FTO film. Finally, transparent heaters (THs) were prepared respectively based on the optimal Ag mesh/FTO TCF and the FTO/Glass substrate. The Ag mesh/FTO TH exhibited a more excellent heating performance than the FTO TH, further confirming that the overall photoelectric performance of the FTO/Glass substrate had been greatly improved.

A laser etching method was performed to achieve the dual purpose of fabricating grating structures and laser annealing on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films, and thus improve the film photoelectric performances. Different line spacings and laser fluences were adopted to systematically explore the optimal laser etching condition. Too narrow line spacings or too high laser fluences led to light reflections at the grating external surface to cause more light dissipation, and too wide line spacings or too low laser fluences resulted in relatively small total grating lateral areas being detrimental to multiple internal light reflections. Moreover, too narrow line spacings brought about laser-caused lattice disorder and too high laser fluences produced laser-ablated spots or overburned traces. Therefore, using the medium line spacing and laser fluence, e.g. 40 μm and 0.6 J/cm2 in the present work, was more suitable for synchronously realizing grating structure fabrication and laser annealing. The corresponding AZO film exhibited the maximum figure of merit of 2.89 × 10−2 Ω−1, which was 1.6 times that of the untreated AZO film. This study is expected to expand performance improvement methods of TCO films and promote the application of laser-etched grating structures.

In this study, the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) film on a glass substrate was etched by using a femtosecond pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm, a repetition rate of 1 MHz and a pulse duration of 262 fs. The effect of laser fluence and scanning speed on the quality of the groove etched on the FTO film surface was systematically studied, trying to improve the groove quality. The results indicated that in order to obtain high quality grooves for use on touch screens, a balance needed to be achieved between laser fluence and scanning speed. Excessive laser fluence caused cracks at the bottom of the groove with shoulder protrusions formed at the edge of the groove, and the scanning speed had a considerable influence on the groove width at the same time. After discussing and comparing the results of five groups of experiments, the best groove quality was determined at the scanning speed of 3000 mm/s and the laser fluence of 1.1 J/cm2. In this case, the edge of the groove was sharp without obvious cracks and shoulder-like protrusions, and the groove width was 7.92 μm, which made it possible to process small etched areas for touch screen. Furthermore, the optimal parameters were confirmed to be available for processing a pattern on the touch screen sensor layer with a line spacing of 5 μm.

The accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) lowers anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. In this study, electrodialysis (ED) was coupled with AD to remove VFAs. The results show that acetate and propionate were removed once the current was applied during ED even in the presence of medium. However, current efficiency was

A simple transparent cover-assisted laser annealing strategy, which used a coverglass or a PET sheet as the transparent cover, was proposed to improve photoelectric properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films. Pure laser annealing was also performed for comparison. Transparent cover-assisted laser annealing was found to be more effective for producing densely distributed particles, decreasing surface roughness and increasing grain size, thus enhancing transmittance and conductivity of the film. More importantly, compared with coverglass-assisted laser annealing, PET-assisted laser annealing enabled the film surface to be covered with more uniform and denser particles and exhibit a remarkable increase in grain size. Therefore the film had the highest total transmittance of 84.32%, the highest specular transmittance of 75.88%, a slightly decreased haze of 10.01% and the lowest sheet resistance of 7.36 Ω/sq. The simple PET-assisted laser annealing method may be a promising substitution for the conventional laser annealing treatment.

In recent years, more and more attention had been paid to the combination of proteins and flavonoids, and several flavonoids had been reported to improve the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of proteins. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment (450 W for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) -hawthorn flavonoids (HF) non-covalent complexes. The results showed that the addition of HF to SPI and 20 min of ultrasound could reduce α-helix and random coil, increase β-sheet and β-turn, and enhance fluorescence quenching. In addition, it decreased the particle size, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and turbidity to 88.43 or 95.27 nm, -28.80 mV, 1250.42, and 0.23, respectively. The protein solubility, free sulfhydryl group, antioxidant activity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsifying stability index all increased to 73.93%, 15.07 μmol/g, 71.00 or 41.91%, 9.81 m

A new ultrafast laser direct writing process to fabricate completely embedded silver mesh flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) using sputtered silver thin films and their applications for flexible transparent heaters (FTHs) are reported. The optimal laser etching parameters were determined, and the effects of mesh pitch and height on photoelectric properties of the silver mesh flexible TEs were systematically studied, with an aim to obtain a TE with excellent comprehensive performance. The resulting TE had a lower sheet resistance (0.86 Ω/sq) and a higher optical transmittance (91.26%) than traditional TEs. Good environmental stability of the TE, i.e. maintaining good electrical conductivity in air or deionized water without significant changes for 40 days, was also demonstrated. The fabricated representative FTH also presented stable heating performance, reaching a high temperature in 60 s under a DC voltage of 1.0 V and finally stabilizing at 98 ℃. This heating performance was confirmed to be stable and consistent after 20 cycles or under the conditions of bending and twisting. In addition, a deicing experiment was performed to illustrate the possible application of the FTH. The results indicated the availability of the laser direct writing method for fabricating high-performance metal mesh-based flexible TEs.

We developed a kind of Cu/Ag composite mesh transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) with low reflection on glass substrates through a simple and effective method, and successfully applied them to fabricate transparent heaters with high performance. By combining laser direct writing and PVP coating-assisted localized removal of sputtered metal layers, Cu/Ag composite mesh TCEs with excellent optical and electrical properties were efficiently prepared and showed a low average reflectance down to 5.71% while maintaining a high average transmittance of 86.49% and a low sheet resistance of 0.43 Ω/sq. The transparent heater based on the as-obtained Cu/Ag composite mesh TCE exhibited an effective and rapid heating performance, being confirmed by achieving a steady-state temperature of ~131 °C within 100 s under an ultra-low applied voltage of 0.8 V. A deicing test of an ice block on the transparent heater was also successfully demonstrated. Good optical and electrical properties as well as excellent thermal stability and reliability imply that the transparent heaters based on the Cu/Ag composite mesh TCEs hold great promise in windshield deicing devices.

With the ultrashort timescale and high-power density, femtosecond laser is a powerful tool for localized material ablation with high processing accuracy and cleanliness. In this work, femtosecond laser direct writing was used to selectively ablate and remove the copper/silver (Cu/Ag) double-layer metal films on glass substrates for fabricating mesh-type transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). In particular, the effects of laser fluence and laser scanning speed on surface morphology and photoelectric properties of the TCEs were studied. By using a laser fluence of 1.1 J/cm2 and a laser scanning speed of 400 mm/s, the optimal removal result of the Cu/Ag double-layer metal film was achieved with the minimal damage to the glass substrate. The as-obtained TCE showed a high average transmittance of 87.89% and a low sheet resistance of 1.36 Ω /sq. As an application, a transparent heater based on the as-obtained TCE exhibited an efficient, rapid and stable heating performance, being confirmed by achieving a high temperature of ∼ 144 °C under a low applied voltage of 2.0 V. The femtosecond laser selective ablation strategy for laser patterning of metal-based films provides a unique scheme for the rapid fabrication of metal mesh-type TCEs under the mask-free condition and room temperature.

The physical and chemical heterogeneities of soils make the soil spectral different and complicated, and it is valuable to increase the accuracy of prediction models for soil organic matter (SOM) based on pre-classification. This experiment was conducted under a controllable environment, and different soil samples from northeast of China were measured using ASD2500 hyperspectral instrument. The results showed that there are different reflectances in different soil types. There are statistically significant correlation between SOM and reflectence at 0.05 and 0.01 levels in 550–850 nm, and all soil types get significant at 0.01 level in 650–750 nm. The results indicated that soil types of the northeast can be divided into three categories: The first category shows relatively flat and low reflectance in the entire band; the second shows that the spectral reflectance curve raises fastest in 460–610 nm band, the sharp increase in the slope, but uneven slope changes; the third category slowly uplifts in the visible band, and its slope in the visible band is obviously higher than the first category. Except for the classification by curve shapes of reflectance, principal component analysis is one more effective method to classify soil types. The first principal component includes 62.13–97.19% of spectral information and it mainly relates to the information in 560–600, 630–690 and 690–760 nm. The second mainly represents spectral information in 1 640–1 740, 2 050–2 120 and 2 200–2 300 nm. The samples with high OM are often in the left, and the others with low OM are in the right of the scatter plot (the first principal component is the horizontal axis and the second is the longitudinal axis). Soil types in northeast of China can be classified effectively by those two principles; it is also a valuable reference to other soil in other areas.

The biological patterning techniques play an essential role in the fields of biosensors, biochips fabrication, and the development of bio-applications. However, traditional biological patterning techniques are complicated and time consuming. In this paper, we have developed a patterning technique taking advantage of the change of surface hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity can be modulated by the surface potential driven by applied voltage on the device electrodes. With this technique, we demonstrated the in situ configurable multiplexed micro-scale protein patterning in an efficient way. In addition, the on-chip cell patterning was also demonstrated. Utilizing the developed technology, the real-time biological pattern control can be implemented.