Search

Non-infectious and chronic diseases such as malignant tumors are now one of the main causes of human death. Its occurrence is a multi-factor, multi-step complex process with biological characteristics such as cell differentiation, abnormal proliferation, uncontrolled growth, and metastasis. It has been found that a variety of human malignant tumors are accompanied by over-expression and proliferation of Aurora kinase, which causes abnormalities in the mitotic process and is related to the instability of the genome that causes tumors. Therefore, the use of Aurora kinase inhibitors to target tumors is becoming a research hotspot. However, in cancer, because of the complexity of signal transduction system and the participation of different proteins and enzymes, the anticancer effect of selective single-target drugs is limited. After inhibiting one pathway, signal molecules can be conducted through other pathways, resulting in poor therapeutic effect of single-target drug treatment. Multi-target drugs can solve this problem very well. It can regulate the various links that cause disease at the same time without completely eliminating the relationship between the signal transmission systems, and it is not easy to cause drug resistance. Currently, studies have shown that Aurora dual-target inhibitors generated with the co-inhibition of Aurora and another target (such as CDK, PLK, JAK2, etc.) have better therapeutic effects on tumors. In this paper, we reviewed the studies of dual Aurora inhibitors that have been discovered in recent years.

Focused ion beam irradiation on Co/Pt films is utilized to pattern ferromagnetic nanodots at medium ion dose, whereas low ion dose permits controlled modification of the coercivity. This is demonstrated experimentally and mapped to micro-magnetic simulations. Temperature measurements prove the thermal stability of films and nanodots in an application relevant temperature range. Extraordinary Hall-Effect measurements are performed on a ferromagnetic nanodot with a target size of 250 nm in a Hall current device at different temperatures. This verifies the thermal stability and the read-out ability of the magnetic bistable states. Single-domain behavior, the coercivity and the switching field distribution are extracted from the hysteresis loops captured in remanence technique. These properties of ferromagnetic Co/Pt dots fulfill the demands to use the nanomagnets in field-coupled magnetic logic devices.

Ferromagnetic Co/Pt films and single-domain magnets are characterized by various types of Extraordinary Hall-Effect (EHE) sensors. The magnetron sputtered multilayer films are annealed and measured in the temperature range of 22 °C ⩽ T ⩽ 75 °C. By focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation, the magnetic properties of the Co/Pt stack are tailored to define both the switching field and the geometry of nanomagnetic single domain dots. A submicron sized EHE-sensor for read-out of field-coupled computing devices is presented. The applied sensing structure is suitable to electrically probe the output states of field-coupled magnetic logic gates. Furthermore, it reveals details on the magnetic properties of submicron-scale single-domain dots and the main measured features are confirmed by micromagnetic simulations. A ‘split-current’ architecture is chosen, where Hall sensing takes place in a single lateral direction, in order to keep field-coupling to adjacent nanomagnets undisturbed. From angular measurements we conclude that the reversal mechanism of the FIB patterned magnetic dots is domain-wall driven. The sensor is a main component needed for integration of nanomagnetic computing units embedded into microelectronic systems.