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Adopting a healthy lifestyle during childhood could improve physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood and reduce relevant disease burdens. However, the lifestyles of children with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) remains under-described within the literature of public health field. This study aimed to examine adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with MBDDs compared to population norms and whether these differences are affected by demographic characteristics.Data were from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health-a national, population-based, cross-sectional study. We used the data of 119,406 children aged 6 to 17 years, which included 38,571 participants with at least 1 MBDD and 80,835 without. Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was measured using parent-reported physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration.Among children with MBDDs, 20.3%, 37.0%, 60.7%, and 77.3% met the physical activity, screen time, sleep, and at least 1 of the 24-hour movement guidelines. These rates were lower than those in children without MBDDs (22.8%, 46.2%, 66.7%, and 83.4%, respectively; all p values0.001). Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet these guidelines (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.13-1.30; OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.29-1.45; OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.21-1.37; OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.35-1.56) than children without MBDDs. Children with emotional disorders had the highest odds of not meeting these guidelines (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.29-1.57; OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.37-1.60; OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.39-1.61; OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.57-1.88) in comparison to children with other MBDDs. Among children aged 12-17 years, the difference in proportion of meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines for children with versus children without MBDD was larger than that among children aged 6-11 years. Furthermore, the above difference of meeting physical activity guidelines in ethnic minority children was smaller than that in white children.Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet individual or combined 24-hour movement guidelines than children without MBDDs. In educational and clinical settings, the primary focus should be on increasing physical activity and limiting screen time in children aged 12-17 years who have MBDDs; and specifically for white children who have MBDDs, increasing physical activity may help.

Pesticides' overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine, which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine. To date, available studies on pesticide-induced ingredient variations of herbal medicine are limited only on a few compounds and remain most others unexamined. In this study, a plant metabolomics-based strategy was performed to systematically explore the effects of two frequently used insecticides on the comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF), the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Field trials were designed on a cultivating plot of L. japonica with controls and treatments of imidacloprid (IMI) and compound flonicamid and acetamiprid (CFA). Unbiased metabolite profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. After data pretreatment by automatic extraction and screening, a data matrix of metabolite features was submitted for statistical analyses. Consequently, 29 metabolic markers, including chlorogenic acids, iridoids and organic acid-glucosides were obtained and characterized. The relative quantitative assay was subsequently performed to monitor their variations across flowering developments. This is the first study that systematically explored the insecticide-induced metabolite variations of LJF while taking into account the inherent variability of flowering development. The results were beneficial for holistic quality assessment of LJF and significant for guiding scientific use of pesticides in the large-scale cultivation.

Present work numerically and theoretically investigates the fluid flow and heat transfer in an inclined solar chimney induced by thermal buoyancy within a range of thermal Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and chimney inclination angles (α). Transport paths of fluid and heat were visualized by streamlines and heatlines, respectively. Backflow could be observed in the solar chimney when Ra increases beyond a certain value, and it directly paralyses the ventilation of the chimney. Numerical results further demonstrate that the larger the inclination angle α is, the smaller the corresponding critical Ra number of the reverse flow occurs at the glass side is. The larger the inclination angle α is, the greater Nusselt (Nu) value of the absorber wall is, while its increment rate decreases gradually with the increase of the inclination angle α, when thermal Ra is maintained. As α varies from 30° to 90°, corresponding critical Ra for reversal flows gradually decreases; furthermore, these critical values obtained by the theoretical solutions were higher than those from simulation. Volume flow rates increase positively with Ra when α is no more than 30°; however, they increase initially and then decline with Ra when α is no less than 45°. In order to enhance ventilation performance, a solar chimney flush attached with discrete heating sources on the glazing wall is proposed. The numerical results indicated that modified inclined solar chimney with discrete heating sources could enhancing its ventilation performance by preventing reverse flow occurring in the channel. Our investigations also showed that the optimal inclination angle for maximum volume flow rate heavily depends on Ra. This research could provide necessary technical support and guidance for solar energy utilization and building energy conservation through air channel in building envelopes.

Fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is an environmental endocrine disruptor and neurodevelopmental toxicant. An early report found that pubertal exposure to high-dose fenvalerate impaired cognitive and behavioral development. Here, we aimed to further investigate the effect of pubertal exposure to low-dose fenvalerate on cognitive and behavioral development. Mice were orally administered with fenvalerate (0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) daily from postnatal day (PND) 28 to PND56. Learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze. Anxiety-related activities were detected by open-field and elevated plus-maze. Increased anxiety activities were observed only in females exposed to fenvalerate. Spatial learning and memory were damaged only in females exposed to fenvalerate. Histopathology observed numerous scattered shrinking neurons and nuclear pyknosis in hippocampal CA1 region. Neuronal density was reduced in hippocampal CA1 region of fenvalerate-exposed mice. Mechanistically, hippocampal thyroid hormone receptor (TR)β1 was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner in females. In addition, TRα1 was declined only in females exposed to 5.0 mg/kg fenvalerate. Taken together, these suggests that pubertal exposure to low-dose fenvalerate impairs cognitive and behavioral development in a gender-dependent manner. Hippocampal TR signaling may be, at least partially, involved in fenvalerate-induced impairment of cognitive and behavioral development.

Chemical potassium (K) fertilizer is commonly used in apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh) production but K is easily fixed by soil, resulting in reduced K fertilizer utilization and wasted resources. K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) can cost-effectively increase the soluble K content in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the objectives were to select high-efficiency KSB from apple orchards under various soil management models and evaluate their effects on apple seedling growth. Maize (Zea mays L.) straw mulching (MSM) increased the total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (AK) in the rhizosphere and improved fruit quality. The number of KSB in the rhizosphere soil of MSM was 9.5×104 CFU g−1 soil, which was considerably higher than that in the other mulching models. Fourteen KSB strains were isolated with relative K solubilizing ability ranging from 17 to 30%, and five strains increased the dry weight per apple seedling. The most efficient strain was identified as Paenibacillus mucilaginosus through morphological observation and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, named JGK. After inoculation, the colonization of JGK in soil decreased from 4.0 to 1.5×109 CFU g−1 soil within 28 d. The growth of the apple seedlings and the K accumulation in apple plants were promoted by irrigation with 50 mL JGK bacterial solution (1×109 CFU mL−1), but there was no significant increase in the AK content of rhizosphere soil. High-performance liquid phase analysis (HPLC) data showed that the JGK metabolites contained phytohormones and organic acids. Hence, the JGK strain promoted the growth of two-month-old apple seedlings by stimulating function of the produced phytohormones and enhanced K solubility by acidification for apple seedling uptake. This study enriches the understanding of KSB and provides an effective means to increase the K utilization efficiency of apple production.

Background Numerous studies have reported associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations and mortality in cities worldwide. Nonetheless, the evidence of an association remains varied and limited. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in 6 common English and Chinese electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ovid, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]). A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the relationship between PM2.5 and COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Publication bias and heterogeneity of samples were tested using a funnel plot and the Egger's test. Studies were analyzed using either a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model. Results The search yielded 18 studies suitable for meta-analysis during the period from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2018. A 10-μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8-3.2%) increase in COPD hospitalizations, with an OR of 1.025 (95% CI: 1.018-1.032), and a 1.5% (95% CI: 0.9-2.2%) increase in COPD mortality, with an OR of 1.015 (95% CI: 1.009-1.022). Comparing different age groups, elderly people were more sensitive to the adverse effects. The estimated risk was higher in European countries than Asian countries, and in warm compared cold seasons. Various additional confounding factors also led to different results. Conclusions PM2.5 is associated with COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Controlling ambient air pollution would provide benefits to COPD patients.

Reynoutria multiflora roots are a classical herbal medicine with unique nourishing therapeutic effects. Anomalous vascular bundle (AVB) forming "cloudy brocade patterns" is a typical morphological feature of R. multiflora roots and has been empirically linked to its quality classification. However, scientific evidence, especially for AVB-specific specialised metabolites, has not been comprehensively revealed thus far. Herein, desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) analysis was applied to carry out an in situ analysis of specialised metabolites distributed specifically at the AVB and cork of R. multiflora roots. To enlarge the scope of compounds by DESI detection, various solvent systems including acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, and water were used to assist in the discoveries of 40 specialised metabolites with determined localization. A series of bioactive constituents including stilbenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and naphthalenes were found specifically around the brocade patterns. Notably, phospholipids were detected from R. multiflora roots by in situ analysis for the first time and were found mainly in the phloem of AVB (PAB). This is the first study to use gradient solvent systems in DESI-MSI analysis to locate the specialised metabolites distribution. The discovery of feature-specific compounds will bridge the empirical identification to precision quality control of R. multiflora roots.

The aim of this study was to analyze clinical features and short-term mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron BA.2.2.1 variant.In a retrospective single-center case series, 102 consecutive hospitalized HD patients infected with the coronavirus omicron variant were assessed at Pudong Hospital in Shanghai, China, from April 6 to April 18, 2022; the final date of follow-up was May 16, 2022. Clinical, laboratory, chest CT, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. The association between these factors and all-cause mortality was studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. The relationship between lymphocyte count and short-term mortality was based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival.In total, 102 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: HD patients with pneumonia (N = 46) and without pneumonia (N = 56). Of the 102 patients, 12 (11.8%) died. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that all-cause mortality was correlated with lymphocyte counts and type B natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels (Lymphocyte counts are important for the prediction of short-term mortality in HD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. HD patients with lung involvement have poorer survival rates than those without lung involvement.

Fluid flow and heat transfer mechanism in a solar chimney induced by thermal buoyancy within a range of Ra numbers are reported by numerical and experimental investigations. The transport paths followed respectively by air and heat are visualized by streamlines and heatlines. Numerical results demonstrate that the reverse flow not only slows down the volume flow rate but also accelerates backflow presented in the solar chimney when Ra increases beyond a certain value, which makes the solar chimney lost its role of ventilation. In order to suppress the reverse flow and enhance ventilation performance, a solar chimney with multiple discrete sources flush attached the glazing wall is proposed. The effects of the sizes, positions, and numbers of those discrete heat sources on the system heat transfer rate and volume flow rate are discussed. After comparing with conventional solar chimney, the modified solar chimney with discrete heat source of height D0 = 1 and position S0 = 1 could perform better, not only preventing reverse flow but also enhancing the ventilation performance. The results obtained by the lab experimental measurements were agreed well with former numerical simulations. Temperature distributions along the heated wall for different heat input at ambient temperature illustrate the temperatures on the heated wall do not increase linearly and even drop near the top exit. This research could be significant for solar energy utilization and building energy conservation.

Objective This study summarized the cases of Chinese nurses' suicide during 2007–2016. Methods We reviewed public reports on local media, and medical websites. Result A total of 46 cases of nurse suicide reported or published from 2007 to 2016. In these 46 cases, the proportion of female suicide is 98%. Most cases of suicide occurred in nurses aged 18–50 years. The most common way of suicide was jump from building. Nurse suicide occurred more often in full-service tertiary hospitals. Conclusion The Chinese Government and medical organization should be aware of severity of suicide, and take action to be avoided of more suicide in Chinese nurses.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an unprecedented public health crisis. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dysregulation of the immune system. However, the unique signature of early immune responses remains elusive. We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Remarkably, Paquinimod treatment resulted in almost 100% survival in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus infection using the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). A group of neutrophils that contributes to the uncontrolled pathological damage and onset of COVID-19 was dramatically induced by coronavirus infection. Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain anti-viral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention., Graphical abstract, Highlights • S100A8 is dramatically upregulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models and patients • A group of aberrant immature neutrophils is induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection • Immune disorder is mediated by the S100A8/A9-TLR4 pathway • S100A8/A9 inhibitor, Paquinimod, could prevent COVID-19-associated immune disorder, Guo et al. demonstrate that over-activation of S100A8/A9-TLR4 signaling results in immune imbalance and expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relevant therapeutic targets were validated in animal infection models.

Background: We observed a 90-member family with a rare combination of multiple neurodegenerative-disease phenotypes and performed a genetic study to identify the causative gene. Methods: We performed physical and neurological examinations with International Rating Scales to assess signs of ataxia, parkinsonism, and cognitive function, as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with seven sequences. We performed whole-genome sequencing on four affected and three unaffected members to identify the genetic cause of the phenotypes in the affected members. We searched for co-segregations of abnormal repeat-expansion loci, pathogenic mutations in known SCA-related genes, and novel rare mutations. Subsequently, a novel co-segregating missense mutation in CARS gene was validated by Sanger sequencing in an additional five affected and four unaffected members. Additionally, we generated Cars+/- knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the functional role of the CARS gene. Findings: We found a novel late-onset parkinsonism/spinocerebellar-ataxia complex in this pedigree, which presented core characteristics (i.e., cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, and pyramidal signs) in all nine affected members and non-core neurodegenerative characteristics that differed across different posterity's families. Brain MRI showed cerebellar/pons atrophy, pontine-midline linear hyperintensity, decreased rCBF in the bilateral basal ganglia and cerebellar dentate nucleus, and hypointensities of the cerebellar dentate nuclei, basal ganglia, mesencephalic red nuclei, and substantia nigra, all of which suggested neurodegeneration with iron accumulation. We identified a heterozygous mutation in CARS (E795V) that significantly co-segregated in the pedigree. Remarkably, balance-related deficits and gait disturbances were observed in Cars+/− mice. In addition, pathological findings further revealed that CARS knockout induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and reduced parkin levels in the cerebellum. Interpretation: All family members carrying the CARS mutation had the same clinical manifestations of parkinsonism and spinocerebellar-ataxia, which corresponded to neuropathologic changes revealed via brain MRI that were replicated in transgenic animals with similar behavioral changes and pathological manifestations. Funding: This study was funded by the following: NIH-NIA Research Project; The National Key RD The Natural Science Foundation of China; CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; Shenzhen Municipal of Government of China; The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The animal experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The genetic data sharing was approved (2020BAT0031) by the Human Genetic Resources Administration of China (HGRAC).

Cinnamon oil is obtained by steam distillation from cinnamon leaves and is usually considered highly cost-effective compared to bark oil, however, which results in tons of waste cinnamon leaves (WCL) discarded annually. By using MS/MS molecular networking (MN) assisted profiling, six main chemical diversities including flavonols and flavones, phenolic acids, lactones, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and flavanols were rapid revealed from WCL aqueous extract. 101 compounds were tentatively identified by assigning their MS/MS fragments within typical pathways under ESI-MS/MS dissociation. The featured phenolic acids, terpenoids and their glycosides in cinnamon species were recognized as the main constituents of WCL. The hydrophilic lactones, lignans and flavanols were reported for the first time in cinnamon leaves. Furthermore, ABTS and FRAP assays integrated with MN analysis were conducted to uncover an antioxidant fraction, from which 40 potential antioxidant compounds were rapidly annotated. This fundamental information will help expand the utilization of WCL from cinnamon oil industry.

Sleep disorders, chronic pain, and fatigue have been long-standing torments in most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we attempted to explore whether these nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased mortality in patients with CKD.Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE (PubMed, 1966-2018), EMBASE (1974-2018), ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. All prospective or retrospective studies were considered eligible if they were cohort or observational studies and the final outcome was all-cause death or mortality.We ultimately included 18 studies (12 studies on sleep disorders, three studies on chronic pain, and three studies on fatigue) in our review. Pooled analysis of all studies indicated that patients with sleep disorders, chronic pain, and fatigue had increased risks of all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-1.66, p 0.0001; RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.27-1.31, p 0.0001; RR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23-1.70, p 0.0001, respectively). Pooled results from four studies indicated that dialysis patients with sleep-disordered breathing had increased cardiovascular disease outcomes (RR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.74-3.44, p 0.0001).Sleep disorders, chronic pain, and fatigue are remarkably associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Large clinical randomized controlled trials are required to further confirm the results of our meta-analysis.

Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV)-infected strawberry cells contain cytoplasmic inclusions with isometric particles. To identify the components of the inclusions, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the carboxy-terminus (C-terminus) of SVBV open reading frames, these constructs were separately transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Results showed that the SVBV P6 protein assembled into prominent and amorphous inclusion bodies (IBs). To investigate P6 subcellular localization, P6-GFP was ectopically expressed in N. benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration and then stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). We found the P6 protein accumulated in the nuclei and also formed cytoplasmic IBs with different sizes. To further determine the location of P6 IBs in the cytoplasm, and explore whether the P6 IBs move freely or depend on cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the microfilament marker protein (GFP-ABD2-GFP), microtubules marker protein (mCherry-MAP65-1) and ER marker protein (mCherry-HDEL) were separately coexpressed with P6-GFP and into N. benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration, exhibiting that P6 IBs aligned with cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum. Meanwhile, coinfiltration of P1 and P6 indicated the P6 colocalized with the P1 protein at periphery of cells. The P6 protein contains one C-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) region, a P6 protein mutant with a deleted NLS did not localize in the nucleus, did not form IBs, and was unable to facilitate exogenous GFP expression. These results demonstrate that the deleted NLS region is an important P6 domain required for biological functions. In summary, the mobile P6 IBs are associated with ER, microfilaments and microtubules and move along microfilaments to the SVBV P1 protein in the PD.

Twenty-eight naturally occurring Cephalotaxus tropone analogues, including 19 previously undescribed ones, were identified from Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. var. alpina H. L. Li and C. lanceolata K. M. Feng. The presence of the C20 cephinoids A−E revealed that these tropones were assigned to the norditerpenoids and were perhaps derived from labdane-type diterpenoids. These norditerpenoids showed excellent cytotoxicity against human cancer cells (IC50, 20–0.1 μM) in vitro. The SAR (structure-activity relationship) analysis disclosed that the tropone moiety and the lactone ring were crucial structural features for the observed activities. Further SAR analyses led to a new candidate, cephinoid H, which demonstrated an inhibition of 49.0% by administration to zebrafish at a dose of 60.0 ng/mL, compared to cisplatin (DDP, 22.4%) at 15.0 μg/mL. These compounds might affect the NF-κB signaling pathway rather than binding to microtubules. Additionally, the isolated norditerpenoids showed almost equal anti-inflammatory activities compared to the positive control, MG132.

Ameliorating the computing efficiency is always of importance in phase-field simulations of material microstructure formation and evolution. Borrowing from the nonlinear preconditioning treatment of diffuse interface models, the usual quantitative phase-field model for a binary alloy has been transformed to make it easier to compute accurately. The transformation yields a new variable whose value changes linearly across the interface. The dependences of simulated results of the nonlinearly preconditioned phase-field formula on the interface grid size and the discretization time step have been examined in detail through numerical experiments, including the growth velocity, the radius and the solute concentration of a steady tip. The results show that the new evolution equations are able to be solved on a computational mesh with interface grids 2–4 times coarser than those used in the conventional method. In combination with the front-tracking method to capture the crystallographic orientation of each crystal, the orientation gradient energy is incorporated into the nonlinearly preconditioned phase-field model, which enables simulations of grain boundary behaviors. The algorithm of the distributed parallel finite element method on an adaptive mesh is applied to further raise the computing efficiency. Simulations of multi-dendrites growth of Al-4 wt.%Cu alloy in undercooled melt cooling down continuously are performed. The results demonstrate that the proposed fast simulation approaches allow quantitative simulations of a large number of dendrites growth on the scale of centimeters or millimeters, respectively in two or three dimensions, just using an ordinary workstation instead of clusters or supercomputers.

In the present study, three compounds were isolated from Argyreia acuta, among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and Compounds 1 and 3 were isomers. They were separated by several types of columns, such as normal phase, RP, size exclusion and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic methods, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-TOF-MS.