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The cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) causes severe economic losses in cucurbit plants. Although it has been widely known in various countries for several years, CCYV is rarely recognized due to the lack of rapid and effective detection methods in the early stage of the disease. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a new, efficient, and simple technology for nucleic acid detection. In the present study, reverse transcription (RT)-RPA and quantitative RT-RPA were developed and utilized for fast detection of CCYV in field-collected melon samples. The analysis was performed under constant temperature conditions without the necessity for a thermal cycler in just 20 min. Moreover, the detection limit of RT-RPA for CCYV was determined at 10 pg. In the study, 58 field-collected samples were employed to evaluate the performance of the two assays. The positive rates were established at 72.4% (42/58) and 75.9% (44/58) by RT-RPA and qRT-RPA, respectively, and were consistent with the RT-PCR results. The successful application of RPA for the detection of CCYV in field-collected melon samples indicated its potential applicability. Thus, the developed RPA assays provide an alternative for fast, efficient, sensitive, and reliable detection of CCYV in diagnostic laboratories, which lack the precise instrumentation, and fields without appropriate equipment.

We study the decays of J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) to the final states Σ ( 1385 ) 0 Σ ¯ ( 1385 ) 0 and Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 based on a single baryon tag method using data samples of ( 1310.6 ± 7.0 ) × 10 6 J / ψ and ( 447.9 ± 2.9 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The decays to Σ ( 1385 ) 0 Σ ¯ ( 1385 ) 0 are observed for the first time. The measured branching fractions of J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) to Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 are in good agreement with, and much more precise than, the previously published results. The angular parameters for these decays are also measured for the first time. The measured angular decay parameter for J / ψ → Σ ( 1385 ) 0 Σ ¯ ( 1385 ) 0 , α = − 0.64 ± 0.03 ± 0.10 , is found to be negative, different to the other decay processes in this measurement. In addition, the “12% rule” and isospin symmetry in the decays of J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) to Ξ Ξ ¯ and Σ ( 1385 ) Σ ¯ ( 1385 ) are tested.

While activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) regulates a variety of retinal neuronal functions by modulating ion channels in these cells, effect of activated cannabinoid receptors on Ca(2+) channels in retinal Müller cells is still largely unknown. In the present work we show that three subunits of T-type Ca(2+) channels, CaV3.1, CaV3.2 and CaV3.3, as well as one subunit of L-type Ca(2+) channels, CaV1.2, were expressed in rat Müller cells by immunofluorescent staining. Consistently, nimodipine- and mibefradil-sensitive Na(+) currents through L- and T-type Ca(2+) channels could be recorded electrophysiologically. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 significantly suppressed Ca(2+) channel currents, mainly the T-type one, in acutely isolated rat Müller cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 3.98μM. The WIN55212-2 effect was not blocked by AM251/SR141716, specific CB1R antagonists. Similar suppression of the currents was observed when anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors, were applied. Moreover, even though CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) were expressed in rat Müller cells, the effects of WIN55212-2 and 2-AG on Ca(2+) channel currents were not blocked by AM630, a selective CB2R antagonist. However, the effect of AEA could be partially rescued by AM630. These results suggest that WIN55212-2 and 2-AG receptor-independently suppressed the Ca(2+) channel currents in Müller cells, while AEA suppressed the currents partially through CB2Rs. The existence of receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms suggests that cannabinoids may modulate Müller cell functions through multiple pathways.

We present the flow condensation heat transfer characteristics of CO 2 in a mini-channel condenser. The condenser consists of seven tubes in parallel, which are thermally connected to two aluminium base-plates by using thermal glue. At saturation temperatures ranging from −5 °C to 15 °C, with mass velocities of 180, 360 and 540 kg/(m 2 s), respectively, and average vapour qualities from 0.2 to 0.8, we obtained the CO 2 condensation heat transfer coefficients, ranging from 1700 to 4500 W/(m 2 K). We compared the measured heat transfer coefficients with those predicted by the established correlations, and found that Thome’s was applicable to the condenser under investigation, with deviation less than 30%. We also discussed the measured pressure drop over the condenser, which increased with the mass velocity and the vapour quality, but decreased with the saturation temperature.

A mechanically pumped CO 2 two-phase loop cooling system was developed for the temperature control of the silicon tracker of AMS-02, a cosmic particle detector to work in the International Space Station. The cooling system (called TTCS, or Tracker Thermal Control System), consists of two evaporators in parallel to collect heat from the tracker’s front-end electronics, two radiators in parallel to emit the heat into space, and a centrifugal pump that circulates the CO 2 fluid that carries the heat to the radiators, and an accumulator that controls the pressure, and thus the temperature of the evaporators. Thermal vacuum tests were performed to check and qualify the system operation in simulated space thermal environment. In this paper, we reported the test results which show that the TTCS exhibited excellent temperature control ability, including temperature homogeneity and stability, and self-adaptive ability to the various external heat flux to the radiators.