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Author(s): Lu, Jianyun; Anvari, Radean; Wang, Jinwei; Huang, Jian; Pei, Shiyao; Xiang, Yaping; Huang, Jinhua; Yin, Zhaoqi; Chen, Jing; Nelson, J Stuart; Tan, Wenbin

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is the causative organism for the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that

A new colorimetric fluorescent probe, 3-benzothiazolyl-coumarin-7-yl picolinate (P1), based on coumarin derivative has been designed and synthesized to detect Cu2+ in CH3CN-water (1:1,v/v) solution. The probe showed highly selective and sensitive fluorescence enhancement response towards Cu2+ via selective hydrolysis reaction of the picolinate moiety followed by generating a strongly fluorescent 3-benzothiazolyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (2) moiety, whereas other competing metal cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ag+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Pd2+, Pt2+, Co2+, Au3+) did not possess the property. Upon the addition of Cu2+, the color of P1 changed from colorless to yellow-green, and gave an emission at around 470 nm. Moreover, the detection limit toward Cu2+ was calculated to be as low as 23.9 nM.

Author(s): Tan, Wenbin; Nadora, Dawnica Mercado; Gao, Lin; Wang, Gang; Mihm, Martin C; Nelson, J Stuart

Two novel donor-π-acceptor chemosensors, exTTF-DPA and exTTF-ADPA, based on π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) and di(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)amine (DPA) were synthesized and used as optical and electrochemical chemosensors for copper(II). The results showed that they possess specific selectivity for copper(II) in the presence of other competing metal ions (Zn2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, Pd2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Ag+, Co2+, Ni2+) in acetonitrile. Upon the addition of Cu2+, the solution color changed from yellow to orange, the cyclic voltammograms changed dramatically and the fluorescence quenched completely.

Background Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital, progressive vascular malformation but the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Objective We sought to investigate the activation status of various kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, AKT, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, P70 ribosomal S6 kinase, and phosphoinositide phospholipase C γ subunit, in PWS biopsy tissues. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on 19 skin biopsy samples from 11 patients with PWS. Results c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and P70 ribosomal S6 kinase in pediatric and adult PWS blood vessels were consecutively activated. Activation of AKT and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase was found in many adult hypertrophic PWS blood vessels but not in infants. Phosphoinositide phospholipase C γ subunit showed strong activation in nodular PWS blood vessels. Limitation Infantile PWS sample size was small. Conclusion Our data suggest a subsequent activation profile of various kinases during different stages of PWS: (1) c-Jun N-terminal and extracellular signal-regulated kinases are firstly and consecutively activated in all PWS tissues, which may contribute to both the pathogenesis and progressive development of PWS; (2) AKT and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are subsequently activated, and are involved in the hypertrophic development of PWS blood vessels; and (3) phosphoinositide phospholipase C γ subunit is activated in the most advanced stage of PWS and may participate in nodular formation.

One mosquito opsin gene, NYD-OP7, has been cloned from Culex pipiens pallens. An open reading frame (ORF) of 1116 bp was found to encode a putative 371 amino acids protein which exhibits high identity with opsins from Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes. Transcript expression of NYD-OP7 was determined by real-time PCR in all life stages of deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant strains of the Culex mosquito. The results demonstrated that this gene is expressed at all developmental stages, and it is expressed predominantly at the pupae and adult stages. Meanwhile, in pupae and adults, NYD-OP7 is overexpressed in deltamethrin-resistant strain than in -susceptible strain. Importantly, stable expression of NYD-OP7 in the mosquito C6/36 cells can confer moderate deltamethrin resistance. Our study provides the first direct evidence that increased expression of an opsin gene may play some role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The 40S ribosomal protein S4 gene (RPS4) has been cloned from Culex pipiens pallens. An open reading frame (ORF) of 789 bp was found to encode a putative 262 amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 96% and 91% identity with RPS4 genes from Aedes and Anopheles respectively. Transcript expression of RPS4 was determined by real-time PCR in all life stages of deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant strains. The results demonstrated that this gene is expressed at all developmental stages. Meanwhile, in pupae and adults, RPS4 is overexpressed in deltamethrin-resistant strain than in -susceptible strain. Our data for the first time suggests that increased expression of the RPS4 gene may play some role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in C. pipiens pallens.