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This paper describes an optical sensor for the real-time measurement of axial thermal elongation of a machine tool high-speed spindle. A cat's eye optical reflector embedded in the spindle reflects the image of a laser diode beam onto a quadrant photodiode detector. Changes in the position of the reflected laser spot on the photodiode in a detection module allows determination of changes in length of the spindle. The resolution is 50 nm for the low frequency range. The accuracy of this optical sensor is better than 1 μm within the measuring range of ±100 μm and the triple standard deviation is 0.03 μm. The experimental results showed that thermal elongation can be measured and controlled to within 2 μm of elongation and shortening variation within the stated range using an oil cooling system.

This study aims to examine the impact of others companion on complaint intentions when encountering service failure to fill in the gap of insufficient research on the effect of the presence of others companion on consumer complaint behavior (CCB) in the literature of service failure through four scenario experiments. The results of study 1, 2 and 4 support our basic hypothesis that customers who encounter service failures will have higher complaint intentions when they are with others than when alone. The findings study 2, 3 and 4 suggest that the level of intimacy between two individuals acts as a partial mediator of their complaint intentions. People with closer relationships, such as in-group members or of the same sex, have higher complaint intentions than those who are less close. Furthermore, study 4 showed that consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence represents the normative influence that companions provide, which leads to higher complaint intentions when eating with friends than with family.

Solution-processed vanadium oxide (V2O5) as an anode interlayer is introduced between the organic layer and the Ag electrode for improving the performance of the low-cost inverted polymer solar cells hybridized with ZnO nanorods. Our investigations indicate that the solution-processed V2O5 interlayer as an electron-blocking layer can effectively prevent the leakage current at the organic/Ag interface. The power conversion efficiency is improved from 2.5% to 3.56% by the introduction of the V2O5 interlayer. The V2O5 interlayer also serves as an optical spacer to enhance light absorption, and thereby increases the photocurrent. Compared to the vacuum-deposited techniques, the fabrication of the solution-processed V2O5 interlayer is simple and effective. The solution-based approach makes it attractive for applications to mass production and potentially printed organic electronics.

From the roots of Stemona tuberosa, two new minor alkaloids, tuberostemoninol (C22H31NO2) and stemoninoamide (C19H23NO4) were isolated. Their structures have been established mainly by spectroscopic methods.