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A study of non-cancer effects was based on the data from the State Chernobyl registry of Ukraine. The relative risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are higher in the groups exposed in 250–700 mGy range as compared with the group exposed under 100 mGy. Neurologic and psychological changes rank second and third in structure of morbidity. Relative risks of mortality from circulation diseases were shown to be increased in recovery operation workers of 1986–1987. A case-control study of 14,731 clean-up workers by means non-threshold multi-factor non-linear model has demonstrated a dose-dependent additive-relative risk of radiation cataract being equal to 3.451 (1.347–5.555) per 1 Gy. Changes of proliferative activity of haemopoietic and stromal progenitor cells of exposed in 1986–1987, wavy variations of cellular and humoral immunity parameters were still detected 15–18 years after the exposure.

A 17-year experience of the Research Center for Radiation Medicine (RCRM), Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, on the medical effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident is reviewed. Results of RCRM in-house studies and international cooperative works are presented. Prospective future directions of international cooperative investigations are considered.