Search

To investigate the morphologic features of the Schlemm canal and trabecular meshwork in highly myopic eyes with early intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after cataract surgery.Retrospective case-control study.Eighty-eight highly myopic eyes of 88 patients after uneventful cataract surgery were included, 31 of which had early postoperative IOP elevation and 57 of which did not. The morphologic features of the Schlemm canal and trabecular meshwork, collected with swept-source optical coherence tomography before surgery, were reviewed. Backwards stepwise multiple linear regression was used to investigate the anatomic risk factors for early IOP elevation in highly myopic eyes.Highly myopic eyes with early postoperative IOP elevation had smaller Schlemm canal vertical diameter and area, as well as smaller trabecular meshwork thickness and width, in each quadrant than the non-elevation group. There was no significant difference in Schlemm canal horizontal diameter between the IOP elevation and non-elevation groups. In the highly myopic eyes, average Schlemm canal vertical diameter, Schlemm canal area, trabecular meshwork thickness, and width were all correlated negatively with the IOP elevation. A multivariate analysis showed that average Schlemm canal vertical diameter (β = -0.262, P = .004) and trabecular meshwork thickness (β = -0.173, P.001) were significantly associated with early transient IOP elevation in highly myopic cataract eyes.A smaller vertical diameter of Schlemm canal and a thinner trabecular meshwork are 2 anatomic risk factors for early IOP elevation after cataract surgery in highly myopic eyes.

The objective of this study was to use parameters to determine the geometric differences between ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and nonruptured AAAs.Computed tomography data of 38 ruptured AAAs and 215 electively repaired (nonruptured) AAAs were collected from multiple institutes. We compared the ruptured AAA group and nonruptured AAA group with 1:1 matching by using the Mahalanobis distance, which was calculated using the patient's age, sex, and AAA diameter. We selected the longitudinal AAA image in multiplanar reconstruction view, placed a hypothetical ellipse on the aneurysm's protruded curve, and placed a circle on the portion connecting the aneurysm and the aorta. We then measured the aspect ratio (the vertical diameter divided by the horizontal diameter) and fillet radius (the radius of arc).The aspect ratio was significantly lower in the ruptured group than in the nonruptured group (2.02 ± 0.53 vs 2.60 ± 1.02; P = .002), as was the fillet radius (0.28 ± 0.18 vs 0.81 ± 0.44; P .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve of the aspect ratio was 0.688, and the optimal cutoff point was 2.23, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.55 and 0.76, respectively. The area under the curve of the fillet radius was 0.933, and the optimal cutoff was 0.347, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 and 0.87, respectively.The geometric analysis performed in this study revealed that ruptured AAAs had a smaller fillet radius and smaller aspect ratio than nonruptured AAAs did.

Human stature is a variable often used to study health changes in present and past populations. In this study possible differences in stature from the late Mesolithic-Early Bronze Age, based on skeletal data from southern Sweden, are investigated. The sample comprises n = 203 femora where maximum lengths were evaluated using non-parametric testing. Sex was assessed primarily using criteria on the pelvis and secondarily through statistical testing of sexual dimorphism. Measurements of the vertical diameter of the femoral head, femoral anterior-posterior and medial-lateral were evaluated using an iterative discriminant analysis. Results confirm a significant difference in femoral length between archaeological culture groups for both sexes. Male femoral lengths evidence a significant increase in the Battle Axe Culture that remained high throughout the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Only a minor increase in male stature associated with the transition to agriculture could be noticed; stature then remained constant until the Pitted Ware Culture. There was no change in female stature following the Neolithic transition. Female stature then increased gradually throughout the Neolithic, but decreased somewhat in the later part of the Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age. These findings suggest that the transition to agriculture did not affect health in any profound way, and that the high stature in the BAC-Early Bronze Age are dependent on a mix of genetic influx, population increase and good nutrition and health, possibly linked to an intensification and consolidation of the agro-pastoral economy.

Objectives Forensic anthropologists assign biological profiles (ancestry, biological sex, age and stature) to skeletal remains to assist with the human identification process. The humerus can be used for the assessment of biological sex and subsequently for stature. Materials and methods Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) post-cranial sample data were utilized to form three-dimensional (3D) models and allowed for subsequent “virtual” measurements as an alternative to dry bone osteometric measurements. Samples consisted of humeral PMCT Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) datasets from 51 individuals from a contemporary European-descent adult Queensland (Australia) Coronial population, aged between 17 and 83 years, obtained from Brisbane Mortuary from 2016 to 2018. Threshold based segmentation was conducted in Amira® (VSG, USA) to form 3D humeri models. Plane-to-plane and point-to-point anthropometric measurements were performed in reverse engineering program, Geomagic Design X® (3D Systems Inc., USA). Five standard measurements of the humerus (maximum humeral length, vertical diameter of the humeral head, epicondyle breadth, maximum and minimum mid-shaft diameter) were assessed. In both models, Bayesian model averaging was determined as the most appropriate analytical. Results Estimation equations from the United States of America were assessed for their applicability to the Queensland population, and are not recommended for assessing biological sex or stature. The vertical diameter of the humeral head was determined to be the best indicator for biological sex, and the maximum length of the humerus is the best indicator for stature. Discussion This paper proposes preliminary biological sex and stature estimation equations for their utility to contemporary Australian casework.

Background In the postnatal period, some sexual dimorphism is observed from the moment of birth, but it is most pronounced from puberty. The aim of the study based on CT images was to assess possible sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus in children aged 0–18. Methods The retrospective analysis of CT images of the head (assessed as normal by radiologists) of 170 patients aged 0–18 (85 females and 85 males) was performed. The maxillary sinuses of every patient were bilaterally measured in three planes. Three diameters were obtained: maximum transverse (horizontal) diameter (the maxillary sinus width, MSW); maximum vertical diameter (the maxillary sinus height, MSH) and maximum antero-posterior diameter (maxillary sinus length, MSL). The automatic CT image segmentation algorithm was used (Syngo Via for Oncology, Siemens) to establish maxilla retrospective analysis of CT images of the head (assessed as normal by radiologists) of 170 patients aged 0–18 (85 females and 85 males) was performed. The maxillary sinuses of every patient were bilaterally measured in three planes. Three diameters were obtained: maximum transverse (horizontal) diameter (the maxillary sinus width, MSW); maximum vertical diameter (the maxillary sinus height, MSH) and maximum antero-posterior diameter (maxillary sinus length, MSL). The automatic CT image segmentation algorithm was used (Syngo Via for Oncology, Siemens) to establish maxillary sinus volume (MSV). The coefficient of variation used in the study allowed the biological variation between sexes to be observed. Results and conclusions The sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus parameters is variable and depends on the phase of ontogenesis. All investigated parameters of maxillary sinuses are larger in males at 2–3 years (except for the length, which is larger in females by the end of three years, between six and nine years and after 15 years). The sexual dimorphism is less evident during the first year of age, and the most evident between 15 and 16 years. During the first two years, females are dominant with all parameters being larger than in males. The maxillary sinus length is developmentally the most stable parameter of maxillary sinuses, because throughout the investigated ontogenesis, the sexual differences are very similar. The most evident sexual dimorphism is observed in the volume of the maxillary sinus.

In this study, we investigated children's fine motor development by analyzing drawing trajectories, kinematics and kinetics. Straight lines drawing task and circles drawing task were performed by using a force sensitive tablet. Forty right-handed and Chinese mother-tongue students aged 6-12, attending classes from grade 1 to 5, were engaged in the experiment. Three spatial parameters, namely cumulative trace length, vector length of straight line and vertical diameter of circle were determined. Drawing duration, mean drawing velocity, and number of peaks in stroke velocity profile (NPV) were derived as kinematic parameters. Besides mean normal force, two kinetic indices were proposed: normalized force angle regulation (NFR) and variation of fine motor control (VFC) for circles drawing task. The maturation and automation of fine motor ability were reflected by increased drawing velocity, reduced drawing duration, NPV and NFR, with decreased VFC in circles drawing task. Grade and task main effects as well as significant correlations between age and parameters suggest that factors such as schooling, age and task should be considered in the assessment of fine motor skills. Compared with kinematic parameters, findings of NFR and VFC revealed that kinetics is another important perspective in the analysis of fine motor movement.

The sliding of a heavy bead, threaded on a thin circular hoop, rotating with a constant angular velocity around a vertical axis, situated in its plane and, in the general case, not passing through its vertical diameter, is considered. It is assumed that dry friction acts between the bead and the hoop. A set of unisolated positions of relative equilibrium of the bead on the hoop is obtained, and their dependence on the problem parameters is investigated. The results are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams. The stability properties of the unisolated relative equilibria obtained are discussed.

Objective The purpose of the study is to determine the precision of whole globe and cornea measurements acquired using calipers, and to quantify the intraoperator and interoperator variance. Design Experimental study. Participants Ten human donor eyes. Methods Ten human eyes (donor age, 16–54 years) were obtained between 18.5 and 66.5 hours postmortem. The horizontal and vertical diameters and the anteroposterior length of the globe were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The horizontal and vertical diameters of the cornea were measured using both a digital Vernier caliper and a Castroviejo caliper. The measurements were performed by 3 operators with 5 repeat measurements for each dimension. Results No significant differences were observed between measurements of globe anteroposterior length, horizontal diameter, and vertical diameter. Horizontal corneal diameter was greater than vertical diameter with all instruments and all operators. Variability of either instrument did not change with measurement object scale, and was similar across all operators. No significant differences were observed between the variabilities of the 2 devices. The mean intraoperator SD was 0.127 ± 0.023 mm with the digital caliper and 0.094 ± 0.056 mm with the Castroviejo caliper. Conclusions The precision of commercially available calipers in ophthalmic biometry measurements is limited to approximately 0.1 mm.

There were two peach descriptors systems: one from IPRGI in 1980 and the other from China in 1990. The former had only reference cultivars without quantity grades; the latter had only a list of some characteristics. This makes it difficult sharing of genetic resource information for breeders. To describe the main quantitative characteristics, a new system was established. Ten characteristics of 346-476 peach cultivars were investigated from 1986 to 2002 in the National Peach Genetic Collection in Zhengzhou City, China. These characteristics and their coefficients of variation were as follows: flower diameter 19.55%, vertical diameter of fruit 14.24%, cheek diameter of fruit 10.36%, suture diameter of fruit 11.44%, stone length 19.04%, stone width 10.86%, stone thickness 11.19%, leaf length 7.9%, leaf width 10.55%, and leaf stalk length 19.03%, respectively. Grade index and reference cultivars were given by statistical data for peach description. These grade indexes were recorded on 1-5 grades, and the third grade as a middle one occupied 39% or more of the distribution. In general, two reference cultivars for each grade were chosen, one is USA cultivar and the other is Chinese cultivar. This paper tried to use them as the reference cultivars, which are planted or used widely by Chinese breeders.

The questions connected with the morphology of developing tympanic membrane are rather inadequately dealt with in the relevant literature. The aim of this article has been the morphometric analysis of the prenatal growth of human tympanic membrane. The experiment was conducted on 33 fetuses aged from the 4th to 8th month of gestation. Significant individual variability of the tympanic membrane measurements was revealed in the material studied. The growth of the structure discussed was bilaterally symmetric during the whole period investigated. The fourth and 7th month of gestation seem to be the crucial stages for the tympanic membrane development. The measurements of the membrane exhibited the highest variability, simultaneously being negatively correlated with the fetal age in that periods. Relatively more intensive growth of the vertical diameter of the membrane was noted in the 5th and 8th months of gestation. In the 8th month of gestation the tympanic membrane reached a vertically elongated shape, typical of the postnatal period. On the basis of our results it is possible to conclude that the quantitative developmental process takes place in the tympanic membrane till the end of the prenatal period, determining the final functional capacity of the structure discussed.

In the currently available models for evaluation and classification of sewer conditions, flexible pipes are not sufficiently covered. Only rough overviews are available which commonly focus on the characteristic value δ v of vertical diameter change while neglecting the deflected shape and time dependent changes. The essential objective is therefore the development of criteria for a complete and clear representation, analysis and interpretation of deflection measurement data from the internal inspection of flexible sewer pipes. This will be achieved by a parameter system which concisely describes the measured deflection shape and the degree of approximation. A relation for estimating the outer pressure distribution has proved to be an excellent criterion for the identification of false measurements by using the model of a linear elastic circular ring. The evaluation of data of real pipeline deflections finally confirms the applicability of the gained findings for practice and allows a complementary analysis.

But To assess the safety and efficiency of the new One Use- Plus 90 microkeratome and to evaluate the flap characteristics. Material and Methods 132 eyes of 72 patients had LASIK using the new One Use- Plus 90 microkeratome. In 47 eyes (36%), the ring size and the microkeratome head stop settings were determined according to the nomogram recommended and in 85 eyes (64%), the -1 ring size with 8.0 head stop were used. The microkeratome was set to Speed 1 in 85 eyes (64%) and to Speed 2 in 47 eyes (36%). The central corneal thickness was measured before and after the flap cut using an ultrasound pachymeter and the central flap thickness was calculated using the subtraction method. The vertical and horizontal flap diameters as well as the hinge width were measured using a caliber. Quality of the stromal bed as well as the characteristics of the flap created are evaluated in relation to the microkeratome used. Results The mean preoperative pachymetry was 537.3 μm ± 32.5, the mean central flap thickness was 106 μm ± 11. The mean vertical flap diameter was 9 mm ± 0.38, while the mean hinge width was 4.2 mm ± 0.6. In the eyes where the nomogram for the ring size and head stop had was followed, smaller hinge width (mean 3.9 mm ± 0.7) was noted compared to non-nomogram eyes in which the hinge width was 4.3 mm ± 0.53 ( p 0.000). Speed 2 provided a larger hinge width (4.2 mm ± 0.64) compared to Speed 1 (4 mm ± 0.53) p 0.008. There were significant positive correlations between both the steepest and the average preoperative K and the thickness, vertical and horizontal diameters of the flap. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the vertical diameter and the hinge width of the flap ( r 0.03). On the other hand, Preoperative central corneal thickness had no significant effect on the characteristics of the flap. The stromal beds were smooth in all eyes and the flaps were of a good quality. Insignificant irregularities at the edges of the bed near the hinge were present in 20 eyes (15%). Discussion The new One Use- Plus 90 microkeratome provides an easy and efficient technique for cutting good quality and predictable Lasik flaps. Conclusion Good quality stromal beds and thin flaps could be efficiently obtained using the One Use- Plus 90 microkeratome.

1. (1) This paper reports self-observations on the fortification spectrum of migraine in 12 attacks. 2. (2) The time taken for the spectrum to pass from the centre to the periphery of the visual field was constant (22 minutes). The vertical diameter of the spectral figure, as found by tracings of the pattern projected on to a sheet of paper, increased exponentially with time, and the rate of increase was constant in different attacks. 3. (3) Inhalation of a low dose of amyl nitrite caused a temporary decrease in the size of the spectral figure, though the effect was small. In high dose, amyl nitrite had no effect on either the size or brightness of the figure. 4. (4) The phenomena of the migraine spectrum may be more constant from one attack to another, and from case to case, than has been suspected.