1. Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition
- Author
-
Elad Binshtein, Rachel E. Sutton, Pavlo Gilchuk, Robert H. Carnahan, Rachel S. Nargi, Rachel Eguia, Naveenchandra Suryadevara, Paul W. Rothlauf, Zhuoming Liu, Sean P. J. Whelan, Tyler N. Starr, James E. Crowe, Jesse D. Bloom, Seth J. Zost, Adam S. Dingens, Allison J. Greaney, Katharine H.D. Crawford, Sarah K Hilton, Andrea N. Loes, and John Huddleston
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Protein domain ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Monoclonal antibody ,Microbiology ,Article ,Epitope ,Epitopes ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,deep mutational scanning ,Protein Domains ,Antigen ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Binding site ,Neutralizing antibody ,Gene Library ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Binding Sites ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Rational design ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Viral evolution ,antigenic evolution ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,biology.protein ,antibody escape ,Parasitology ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,Antibody ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) are being developed as therapeutics and are a major contributor to neutralizing antibody responses elicited by infection. Here, we describe a deep mutational scanning method to map how all amino-acid mutations in the RBD affect antibody binding and apply this method to 10 human monoclonal antibodies. The escape mutations cluster on several surfaces of the RBD that broadly correspond to structurally defined antibody epitopes. However, even antibodies targeting the same surface often have distinct escape mutations. The complete escape maps predict which mutations are selected during viral growth in the presence of single antibodies. They further enable the design of escape-resistant antibody cocktails—including cocktails of antibodies that compete for binding to the same RBD surface but have different escape mutations. Therefore, complete escape-mutation maps enable rational design of antibody therapeutics and assessment of the antigenic consequences of viral evolution., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Develop system to map all SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape antibody binding • Escape maps predict which mutations emerge when virus grown in presence of antibody • Escape maps inform surveillance for possible antigenic evolution, Greaney et al. develop a method to map all mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that escape antibody binding and apply this method to 10 antibodies. The resulting escape maps predict which mutations arise when virus is grown in the presence of antibody and can inform the design of antibody therapeutics.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF