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Recent advances in the development of hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (HP-QDs) have proven their versatility and potential applications in photovoltaics and light sources through compositional tuning. However, the compositional complexity for mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide HP-QDs would require repetitive optimization processes to obtain the desired perovskite crystals via traditional batch-scale chemistry, causing prolonged time, labor, and cost. To address this issue, we herein report a dynamic flow chemistry synthetic system operated with the on-and-off feedback control with hysteresis algorithm to produce methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite quantum dots (MAPbBrXI3-X QDs with 0 ≤ X ≤ 3), automatically showing a target emission wavelength. We set up the target photoluminescent (PL) emission wavelength of the MAPbBrXI3-X QDs and started with an arbitrary flow rate of the bromide and iodide precursor solution. The PL emission wavelength of the synthesized perovskites was in-situ monitored in the flow cell equipped with a miniaturized optical detector. By comparing the measured wavelength with the target one, the controlling algorithm recalculated to adjust the flow rates of the bromide and iodide precursor solution accordingly. Then, the PL emission wavelength of the newly synthesized MAPbBrXI3-X QDs was detected again in real-time, and the iterative feedback control process was repeated until the observed wavelength was matched with the user-defined emission target. Thus, the desired MAPbBrXI3-X QDs could be obtained eventually through the feedback control in an automatic manner, suggesting an advanced flow chemistry synthetic platform to produce on-demanded nanomaterials with high efficiency.

Novel approach to fabricate In2O3 nanocrystal (NC)–π conjugated molecule 4,4′-ethyne-1,2-diyldibenzoic acid (EBA) hybrid materials by ligand exchange process, Sonogashira coupling reaction, and their utility as a lithium ion battery anode material have been developed. Here, discharge capacity of 900 mAh g−1, excellent rate performance under ultrahigh current density of 20 C, and initial Coulombic efficiency of 60% at moderate charging/discharging current density of 5 C after 100 cycles have been demonstrated, which are synergistically capable of overcoming the drawback of previous In2O3 material. The π–π network allows fast electron/Li+ transport and significant decrease in interfacial resistance in charge/discharge state.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials with high refractive index have attracted considerable attention for many optoelectronic applications, including spin-on-type hardmask for ArF lithography (193 nm). In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of a C 60 -embedded organosilicon hybrid polymer, C 60 -embedded poly-xylene-hexamethyltrisiloxane hybrid (C 60 -PXS), of tunable optical properties. C 60 was covalently bonded to the PXS backbone through Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation, in which the PXS was formed possibly by unexpected transition metal-catalyzed benzylic C H silylation and oxygenation of the o -xylene. The C 60 -PXS thin films fabricated using a spin-coating method showed much higher refractive index by 5–22% according to the curing temperatures, than the PXS thin films containing no C 60 . In particular, the C 60 -PXS thin film cured at 350 °C showed the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) at 193 nm to be 1.61 and 0.29 that are very close to the optimum values for the Si-hardmask. This implies the high applicability of the C 60 -embedded organosilicon hybrid polymer, C 60 -PXS, for the spin-on Si-hardmask in ArF lithography.