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Halogen bonding between [Ru(bpy)(CO)2(S-SCN)2] (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), I2 was studied by co-crystallising the metal compound and diiodine from dichloromethane. The only observed crystalline product was found to be [Ru(bpy)(CO)2(S-SCN)2]⋅I2 with only one NCS⋅⋅⋅I2 halogen bond between I2 and the metal coordinated S atom of one of the thiocyanate ligand. The dangling nitrogen atoms were not involved in halogen bonding. However, computational analysis suggests that there are no major energetic differences between the NCS⋅⋅⋅I2 and SCN⋅⋅⋅I2 bonding modes. The reason for the observed NCS⋅⋅⋅I2 mode lies most probably in the more favourable packing effects rather than energetic preferences between NCS⋅⋅⋅I2 and SCN⋅⋅⋅I2 contacts., final draft, peerReviewed

This article analyses the possibilities of using Habermasian rational discourse for designing information systems. We start by conceptualizing, how Habermasian rational discourse and participatory action research could be used for designing information systems. Then we question our initial concept based on our experiences and reflections from ongoing research project which aims to design new governmental information systems for parents of disabled children.

The bioaccumulation of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and atrazine to the benthic oligochaeta Lumbriculus variegatus from four diverse artificially contaminated lake sediments (OC 0.13-21.5%) was studied in the laboratory. The steady state of bioaccumulation was not reached within 10d. Chlorpyrifos showed stronger bioaccumulation than the less lipophilic atrazine, the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) being 6.2-99 for the former and 1.9-5.3 for the latter. While bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) dropped with increasing organic content of the sediments, the high level and considerable range of the obtained BSAFs indicate other sediment qualities, such as the age and characteristics of the organic material, having a strong effect on the bioavailability of these compounds. The slow and incomplete desorption of chlorpyrifos from the most inorganic sediment indicates also that this compound may be strongly bound to some type of inorganic material. Any specific influential sediment fraction or characteristic could not be identified.

In addition to inorganic species originating from minerals and process modifiers, residues of organic process chemicals may be present in the liquid-phase of flotation tailings. From the process control and environmental points of view, it is important to be aware of the concentrations of chemicals and certain ions remaining in the tailings waters. In this study, the composition of the liquid-phase of flotation tailings at Pyhasalmi concentrating plant was analysed on-line with a commercially available process titrator. The potentiometric titration procedures were implemented in the analyser for quantitative analyses of the organic collector chemical, xanthate, and for the sum of the concentrations of calcium and magnesium along with the concentration of sulphate. The variation of the concentrations of these species from tailings waters from pyrite and copper circuits was monitored for a month.