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Meloxicam is an NSAID that can cause gastric irritation when orally administered. Transdermal drug delivery system can avoid its side effects and avoid first-pass metabolism in the liver. In this study, matrix type transdermal patches containing meloxicam were prepared using different ratios of sodium alginate, hydroxpropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E15, and ethyl cellulose (3:2: 0.5; 2.5: 2:1; 2:2:1.5 and 1.5:2:2). The transdermal patches of meloxicam were prepared by mixing all dispersion polymers matrix and meloxicam. The patches were evaluated for physicochemical assessment (organoleptic, moisture content, surface morphology, drug content, and homogeneity). The result showed that there were differences in both moisture content and mass variation. The percent of moisture content and mass variation were increased as the amount of hydrophilic polymer increases. Formula 1.5:2:2 showed the best characteristic because it had low moisture content, however, it still needs further studies, such as stability, drug release, and penetration studies.

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of arbutin (3% w/w) and olive oil addition (3, 5, and 7% w/w) on characteristic and SPF values of sunscreen product containing oxybenzone and octyldimethyl PABA (3:7% w/w) in a carbomer 940 gel base. The characteristic test was conducted by observing the physical appearance, pH and spreading ability on the second day after the product was made; while the SPF values were measured through a spectrophotometric method. Based on the results of the characteristic test, it was evident that the addition of arbutin and olive oil affected the physical appearances i.e the organoleptic and consistency of sunscreen product as well as its spreading ability, but had no effect on its pH. However, the addition of arbutin and olive oil significantly improved the effectiveness of sunscreen product and increase in the concentration of olive oil resulted in a rise in the SPF values. Nonetheless, further study on the in vivo effectiveness using human subject is required to comprehend the SPF application.

Kojic acid is well known as a depigmentation agent is used for hyper-pigmentation therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Carbomer-Tween 80 aggregate on kojic acid penetration. Kojic acid is quickly absorbed through the skin, remaining on the epidermis not long enough to inhibit melanogenesis activities; Carbomer-Tween 80 aggregate was used to control the release of kojic acid. Tween 80 was added in different concentrations (0.01% for F1, 0.02% for F2, and 0.04% for F3) to carbomer (0.25%) dispersion to create aggregate, then the aggregate was added to a vanishing cream base. Kojic acid penetration was observed by measuring the inhibition activity of tyrosinase. The inhibitor activity was determined by measuring the absorbance of dopachrome, a product of tyrosinase reacting to L-tyrosine as a substrate, and with kojic acid as an inhibitor. The value of inhibition percentage for the formulas without Carbomer-Tween 80 aggregates, F1, F2, and F3 was 64.8367 ± 3.16, 67.2833 ± 1.89, 71.0867 ± 4.05, and 49.2867±2.75%, respectively. The inhibition percent of F3 (with addition of 0.04% Tween 80) was significantly lower than the others, demonstrating that increasing Tween 80 concentrations decreases kojic acid penetration.