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Phytochemical investigations of Senna tora seeds led to the isolation of fourteen phenolic glycosides, including three new compounds, namely, sennatorosides A–C (1–3). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by a detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-QTOF mass, and ECD spectra. Among the isolated compounds, 1-[(1-( - d -glucopyranosyl)oxy-8-hydroxy-methoxynaphthalen)-6-yl]propan-2-one (11) exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against three tested cancer cell lines, SK-LU-1 (lung cancer), HepG2 (hepatoma cancer), and MCF-7 (breast cancer), with IC50 values of 8.05 ± 0.28, 9.52 ± 1.20, and 8.54 ± 0.85 μM, respectively, whereas compounds 1–4, 6–9, 12, and 14 revealed moderated or weak cytotoxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 44.59 ± 5.03–98.24 ± 2.45 μM.

In the present study, 10 secondary metabolites, including three new asperversilactones A–C (2, 4, and 5) and two new natural metabolites (4Z,6S,7R)-6,7-dihydroxyocta-2,4-dien-4-lactone (1) and (4E,6S,7R)-6,7-dihydroxyocta-2,4-dien-4-lactone (3) were isolated from a culture fermentation of the soybean-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor IMBC-NMTP02. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic methods, including NMR, mass, and ECD spectra. Compounds 5, 6, and 9 were shown to have cytotoxic effects toward the HepG2, KB, HL-60, MCF-7, SK-Mel-2, and LNCaP human cancer cell lines (IC50 = 31.7–81.5 μM), whereas all of the compounds inhibited NO overproduction in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells (IC50 = 19.0–41.9 μM). Furthermore, all of the compounds showed antimicrobial effects against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, with MIC values in the range of 32–256 μM. Our investigation contributes to clarification of the chemical constituents of the soybean-derived A. versicolor and warrants further studies of some bioactive metabolites for therapeutic uses.

Phytochemical investigations of Blumea balsamifera branches and leaves led to the isolation of ten secondary metabolites, including three new compounds, namely, balsamiferine K (1) and balsamiferosides A (2) and B (3). Structural elucidation was confirmed by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HR-ESI-QTOF mass spectra. Among the isolated compounds, blumeaene J (4) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against LNCaP (IC50 = 44.53 ± 4.95 μM) and SK-Mel2 (IC50 = 46.49 ± 3.84 μM) cell lines and weak effects on HepG2 (IC50 = 61.54 ± 2.98 μM), KB (IC50 = 65.40 ± 4.97 μM), and MCF-7 (IC50 = 70.06 ± 5.65 μM) cell lines, whereas (―)-angelicoidenol 2-O-β- d -glucopyranoside (6) revealed weak activity on all five tested cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 61.60 ± 5.64–98.73 ± 2.24 μM.

Two novel secoabietane diterpenoids, oroxindols A (1) and B (2), along with two known flavones oroxylin A (3) and hispidulin (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESI-QTOF mass spectra. Noteworthily, the isolation of compounds 1 and 2 represents the first case of 11β,13;12,13-diepoxy-12,13-secoabietane-type diterpene obtaining reported to date. In addition, compound 3 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cell line, with an IC50 value of 21.5 ± 1.1 μM.

Phytochemical study of the Codonopsis javanica roots led to isolation of 12 secondary metabolites, including three new sesquiterpenoid glycosides, named codojavanosides A-C (1-3) and nine known compounds, (3R,6E,10S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-3-hydroxydodeca-6,11-diene-2,10-diol (4), (E)-2-hexenyl O-β- d -glucopyranoside (5), oct-1-en-3-ol O-α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1′′→6′)-O-β- d -glucopyranoside (6), (Z)-3-hexenyl O-α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β- d -glucopyranoside (7), tangshenosides I (8) and II (9), tangshenosides V (10) and VI (11), and corchoionoside C (12). Their structures were identified by comprehensive analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra. Evaluation of their cytotoxic effects toward three human cancer cell lines, including lung (A549), liver (HepG2), and breast (MCF7) revealed that compounds 1, 2, 4 and 11 exhibit weak cytotoxicity toward the A549 cell line, with the induction of cell death ranging from 40.8–66.4 % at the concentration of 100 μM.

Using various chromatographic separations, five iridoid glucosides (1―5) and five phenylethanoid glycosides (6―10) were isolated from the Plantago major whole plants and included two new compounds: 10-acetylarborescoside (1) and plantainoside G (6). Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, HR QTOF MS data, and experimental and calculated ECD data. The isolated compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on NO overproduction in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 values ranging from 44.2–62.3 μM.

A new rhamnofolane-type diterpenoid (1) and a new phenolic derivative (2), together with eleven known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of E. cochinchinensis Lour. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HR-QTOF-MS and NMR, and comparison with reported data. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1–13 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. As the obtained results, compound 9 showed a moderate inhibitory effects on NO production activity with an IC50 of 6.17 ± 0.25 µM, relative to that of the positive control cardamonin.

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata resulted in the isolation of three new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, named scutebarbatolides A-C (1–3), along with six known analogues as 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4), scutehenanine H (5), 14β-hydroxyscutolide K (6), scutebata O (7), scutebartines H (8) and I (9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra in comparison with the data reported in the literature. Cytotoxicity of the isolates was evaluated toward five human cancer cell lines, including LNCaP, HepG2, KB, MCF7, and SK-Mel2 cells. Of the isolates, compounds 1 and 6 were shown to have moderate cytotoxicity toward all the cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 30.8 to 51.1 μM. Our results contribute to more insightful clarification of the use of S. barbata in the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Using various chromatographic separations, seventeen steroids including seven new compounds, verrucorosteroids A–F (1–6) and verrucorosterone (7), were isolated from the Vietnamese gorgonian Verrucella corona. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including HR QTOF MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Among isolates, verrucorosterone (7), 5,6α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-(22E)-ergosta-8,22-dien-7-one (14), and 5,6α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-(22E)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one (15) showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50 values ranging from 12.32 ± 1.47 to 33.77 ± 1.28 μM) against eight human cancer cell lines as LNCaP (prostate cancer), HepG2 (hepatoma cancer), KB (epidermoid carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), SK-Mel2 (melanoma), HL-60 (acute leukemia), LU-1 (lung cancer), and SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma).

Three new crinane-type alkaloids, namely, 6-methoxyundulatine (1), 6-methoxycrinamidine (2), and undulatine N-oxide (3), along with the known compounds 6-hydroxyundulatine (4), 6-hydroxybuphanidrine (5), undulatine (6), crinamidine (7), ambelline (8), filifoline (9), augustamine (10), and perlolyrine (11), were isolated from the leaves of Crinum latifolium by using various chromatographic separations. Their structures were established by extensive analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-QTOF-MS, and CD data. Among the isolated compounds, perlolyrine (11) showed significant cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, namely, KB, HepG2, MCF7, SK-Mel2, and LNCaP with the IC50 values ranging from 22.12 ± 2.80 to 28.45 ± 3.75 μM.

Fourteen polyhydroxylated steroids including six new compounds, ehrensteroids A − F (1–6), were isolated from the Vietnamese soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi after applying various chromatographic separations. The structure elucidation was done by detailed analysis of 1D, 2D NMR and HR QTOF mass spectra. In addition, significant cytotoxicity (IC50 values ranging from 8.45 ± 0.56 to 38.27 ± 2.39 μM) against all five tested cancer cell lines as LU-1 (lung cancer), HepG2 (hepatoma cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HL-60 (acute leukemia), and SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma) was observed for compounds 1, 2, 6–10, and 12–14, whereas this activity on LU-1 (IC50 = 21.91 ± 2.72 μM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 20.32 ± 0.03 μM) cell lines was also observed for 4.

Using various chromatographic separation techniques, eight triterpene diglycosides (1-8), including four new compounds namely stichorrenosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from a methanol extract of the Vietnamese sea cucumber S. horrens. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, including HR ESI MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Their in vitro cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, Hep-G2 (hepatoma cancer), KB (epidermoid carcinoma), LNCaP (prostate cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), and SK-Mel2 (melanoma), was evaluated using SRB methods. Stichorrenoside D (4), stichoposide A (5), and 3β-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-23S-acetoxyholost-7-ene (7) showed strong cytotoxicity on all five tested cancer cell lines, whereas significant effect was observed for stichorrenoside C (3) and stichoposide B (6).

Two new triterpene saponins, camelliosides I and J (1 and 2), two new megastigmane glycosides, camellistigosides A and B (3 and 4), and two known megastigmane glycosides, icariside B1 (5) and (6S,9R)-roseoside (6), were isolated from a methanol extract of the Camellia bugiamapensis leaves using various chromatographic separation techniques. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, including HR ESI MS, CD, 1D and 2D NMR. Their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. This is the first report of the chemical constituents and biological activity of C. bugiamapensis.

Seven holostane-type triterpene saponins (1–7), including five new compounds namely cercodemasoides A–E (2–6), were isolated from the sea cucumber Cercodemas anceps. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including HR ESI MS, ESI MS/MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The cytotoxic effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by SRB method on five human cancer cell lines including Hep-G2 (hepatoma cancer), KB (epidermoid carcinoma), LNCaP (prostate cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), and SK-Mel2 (melanoma). Compounds 1–7 showed potent cytotoxicity on five tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 7.36 ± 0.46 μM. With respect to the potent cytotoxicity of the isolated saponins, further studies are required to confirm efficacy in vivo and the mechanism of cytotoxic effects.

A new endoperoxysesquiterpene lactone, 10α-hydroxy-1α,4α-endoperoxy-guaia-2-en-12,6α-olide ( 1 ), together with a flavanone, eriodictyol ( 2 ), and two flavone glycosides, acacetin-7- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ) and acacetin-7- O -α- l -rhamopyranoside ( 4 ), were isolated from the methanol extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers by a bioassay-guided fractionation. Compound 1 showed strong inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and lipase activities, with IC 50 values of 229.3 and 161.0 μM, respectively. The flavone glycosides 3 and 4 inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, while flavanone 2 was only effective against α-amylase.

ObjectiveTo identify inhibitors of nitric oxide production and NF-κB activity from Chromolaena odorata (C. odorata).MethodsThe compounds isolated from the aerial parts of C. odorata by bioassay-guided fractionation were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production and NF-κB activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.ResultsSix fatty acids (S)-coriolic acid (1), (S)-coriolic acid methyl ester (2), (S)-15,16-didehydrocoriolic acid (3), (S)-15,16-didehydrocoriolic acid methyl ester (4), linoleamide (5) and linolenamide (6) were isolated. All compounds inhibited the NO production at concentrations consistent with those required for NF-κB inhibition. Compound 2 was the most active with the IC50 values of 5.22 and 5.73 μM. The addition of a double bond in the fatty chain decreased the inhibitory effects while the methyl esterification increased the activities.ConclusionsThe fatty acid components in C. odorata with NF-κB inhibitory activity could explain the anti-inflammation property of this plant in traditional medicine. This study could also contribute to the better use of C. odorata for human health care.

• Two flavanones and two stilbenes were isolated for the first time from Cyperus stoloniferus.