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The use of composite materials is an increasing area of interest. In today’s world most of the things are made by composites, due to their ability to produce higher mechanical properties that are very much needed by today’s economy. The composite material produces the combined properties of two or more materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, etc. The composites provide high strength, durability, low weight and density, and several other mechanical properties. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of the hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite material. The tensile test, flexural test and hardness test were carried out and the results were analyzed. The composite material showed better characteristics than the other materials.

In this research article reveals that the design fundamentals and the manufacturing procedures of the blackboard cleaner. The goal here is to decrease the labor associated with cleaning the chalkboard after use. Despite the fact that the utilization of smart boards is expanding, numerous organization in the created and creating world despite everything utilize blackboard (or) slate. The chalk powder acquired from chalk pieces while erasing the writing board, when breathed in by human reason's respiratory framework. Different issues like balding, consuming of eyes and so forth. To defeat this causes, programmed board is utilized with remote detecting which assists with working from certain separation. Generally talking, programmed chalkboard is a gadget which is utilized to clean the slate consequently which thusly lessen human work and aides in efficient. This venture is essentially running with the assistance of dc engine with constrained rates. Based on remote detecting gadget and rollers fitted in auto tic board duster is utilized to evacuate dust all around the slate. The fabricated machine is naturally distinguish the writing board chalk stains, delete the text style and keeps the chalkboard clean. These venture give great answers for human work whenever devouring. The cleaning productivity of programmed writing board cleaner is assessed to be superior to anything the manual tasks when the gear is completely finished.

In this experimental investigation intended on to fabricate the aluminium alloy AA6056 with adding together of Zirconium dioxide through Friction stir processing route. The Friction stir processing is a similar way of friction stir welding process, it is forced out to mixing the Zirconium dioxide into AA6056 while in FSP. The parameters of FSP are tool speed (800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 rpm), transverse speed (60 mm/min) and tool axial force (5 kN). The mechanical properties of tensile strength are measured for the four different specimens, produced with different rotational speed. The micro hardness is measured repeatedly on the joint area and base material zone with the help of Vickers hardness tester machine. Excellent hardness values are observed in the FSP zone compare to other zones; it tells about the FSP was carried out effectively. The SEM image of the tensile specimens for it in broken area was analyzed by the way of 3D profilometry images.

A chat is a program that simulates the conversation with humans through text or voice commands. Now days, every company or organization is trying to reduce the manpower in many ways to gain some more profits and to increase the efficiency of the output. Chabot is one of the way to reduce the manpower and to reduce the human intervention. In early days websites and organizations use people to guide their clients and users to their respective outcome. But now days to reduce the manpower organizations are using the chatbots to interact their clients. In our paper, we want to create a chatbot using Augmented Reality and using cloud technologies. Our theme is to create a chatbot which interact with humans like there is another human talking to him and to increase interaction. This makes the organization to produce more accurate results for their clients and uses less human power.

Nowadays composites sandwich panels are used extensively in aircraft flooring due to their high strength to weight ratio, smooth exterior, high load carrying capacity and corrosion resistance. The objective of this work is to examine the feasibility of employing alternative composites material made of natural fibres as the flooring material for aircraft. A literature survey has been carried out to understand the application of composites sandwich panel in aircraft flooring, centering on the light business jet aircraft. Particularly, among all-natural fibres, bamboo has been widely used for structural purposes due to its lightness and strength. In order to get the first-hand experience, an experimental work on Bamboo-EPS-Bamboo and glass fibres sandwich panel is carried out by using Universal Testing Machine of 50KN load capacity subjected to American test standards. The experimental part includes four different materials constructions and these materials are subjected to various types of loads like tensile load, flexural load and compressive load, from which the tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength are determined. The feasibilities of employing bamboo sandwich panel as aircraft flooring material is analysed by comparing its results with glass fibres sandwich panel.

Thermal Numerical modeling and aerodynamic processes taking place in a V-corrugated solar air heater and wavy shaped fins is performed. The analysis of this study is done through ANSYS software. The technological variables (the Reynolds number) on heat-exchange processes influence of design (the step between the fins) and flow aerodynamics was also established. Pictorial contours are determined for the velocity distribution, pressure, and other characteristics of the airflow in the solar air-heater box. Thermodynamic characteristics and effective values of technological parameters for the effective use of a solar air heater also studied. V-corrugated and wavy fin used Heat transfer correlations were created with the help of experimental outcomes with respect to the parameter considered for this investigation.

In recent trends the electrodeposition process are very important of the soft material as well as hard material to avoid the corrosion resistance. For this research, S275JR mild steel specimens are considered as a base material for the coating A thin film Nickel coatings are made on the S275JR mild steel with the concentration of electrodepositing route. Due to this electrodeposition work modified the surface structure, improves the mechanical properties and turned to high corrosion resistance in nature. Three process parameters are considered for this work namely: voltage rate, stirring speed and time. The response values of micro hardness and mass of deposition are analyzed by L9 orthogonal array effectively. Enhanced micro hardness and mass of deposition of S275JR mild steel is obtained by the influence of two major parameters such as time period and the stirring speed. Rank order and delta values are point out the parameters precedence. ANOVA statistical approaches informed the process factors role and contribution effectively.

The Aluminium has been popular in the recent years due to the necessity to produce light weight components in the aircraft and automobile industries. These have been used in the manufacture of producing light weight transmission cables, heat exchangers, evaporators, automotive cylinder heads and radiators. These materials have excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, ductility, formability, recyclability, etc. For these reasons, Aluminium alloys have been used in most of the applications. In this work the characteristics of aluminium alloys are studied and a new alloy with a different chemical composition is studied through experimental tests such as tensile test, hardness test and chemical test. The results were obtained from the experiments and were analyzed and conclusions were drawn.

This test the AA7068 aluminium alloy materials are welded through laser welding process. This aluminium alloys are high potency with low weight hence it is used for aircraft manufacturing and martial service industries. The laser welding is carried out with the tradition of Nd:YAG lasers and the assist of filler material. Laser welding process is a quick and modern method of welding minimum thickness of materials efficiently. In this study four factors are to be considering optimizing the laser welding parameters for the output of tensile strength. The four parameters of this examine as transverse Speed (m/min), Laser power (kW), Wire supply rate (m/min) and Wire size (mm). The extreme strength of the tensile test is discovered by way of Taguchi design of experiments and the optimal tensile strength was identified. The factors manipulation and the part of change the response are examined by ANOVA from the arithmetic tool of Minitab 18.

The composite of Stainless Steel (SS304) created with the ZnO and Fly ash with the variation of volume percentage in the total volume. In this experimental comparison the Stainless steel contribute the maximum volume percentage in composites such as 90 percentages. The variation created with successive incremental of 2% in Fly ash and successive drop off of 2% from the 10% of ZnO. There are six specimens were created and each specimens were annealed and heat treated individually. Then the annealed and heat treated specimens were experimentally measured the properties like yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and shear strength (SS) for the comparison. Comparison of individual properties related to the specimens with annealed and heat treated were completed with the help of the various plots. The greatest property reached specimen microstructure also considered for the clear realization of the suitable specimen with the considerable properties.

The aim of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the stresses acting in a human foot in its upright standing position. In the analysis, both the human feet were modeled using three-dimensional finite element model and studied for the characteristics and performance. The human foot was created using the 3D reconstruction of CT scan. The bone structures were implanted in a mass of soft tissues. Both the foot models were meshed using tetrahedral elements duly incorporating the material properties. The stress distribution of the skeleton and the plantar surface during balanced standing were calculated along with the effect of the stress distribution. Finally, the FEA results of the foot models were compared with that of the experimental results available from the literature.

Composite materials have many advantages in macro materials and nanomaterials. The strength of composite material is fully based on the orientation of ply. This research deals with the pressurized inner wing. Such design of the wing and fuselage remains a significant challenge for Flying Wing aircraft. Since the inner wing is nearly rectangular, it is relatively inefficient to resist the pressure loads by bending that consequently brings weight penalty. The wing structure was evaluated by using carbon fibre material at different orientations on fabric. To reduce this weight penalty of the wing, the internal multi-shell structure was combined to form a boxed multi bubble section configuration. The novel section was modelled and the structural properties were evaluated.

An attempt was made in this study to produce natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composite material using hand-layup method. Three different natural fibers were used to strengthen Kevlar/epoxy composites. Mechanical testing was performed to characterize the composites, namely tensile, flexural, impact and double shear. The results showed that Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composite has been reinforced by Aloevera and palm with superior mechanical properties relative to other hybrid composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength and load bearing capacity were increased by 50%, 14% and 54% respectively. Fiber breakage and matrix cracking were the dominant failure mechanism of composites in tensile testing. Matrix cracking and delamination have been the dominant failure mechanism in impact testing.

The emergency in present world plays a major role. There are many accidents which take place on the roads due to various factors and mostly due to emergency In India the number of disabled individuals is increasing every year. The transferring of patients from the wheelchair to stretcher is always an issue for the helper or attender. Hence we are going to design and fabricate the stretcher cum wheel chair with portable type. The material used for the fabrication of the stretcher is stainless steel. So that the total weight of the body is comparatively low, lift able and can be carried to the emergency spot anywhere. The purpose of our project is to make the functions of two different structures in a single structure effectively with maximum efficiency. So that it can be used in hospitals, schools, colleges, vehicles, etc. and even in the companies in case of emergency situation.

In this experimental investigation focused with the augmentation of the mechanical properties of the AA6262 aluminium alloy composite with the combination of the magnesium oxide and Silicon carbide. There are the main composite material is AA6262 aluminium alloy which contains 88 percentage of volume in all composite specimens. The remaining twelve percentage of volume in the composite were created by the combination of the magnesium oxide and silicon carbide with different volume in percentage variation. There are seven different specimens were created. The magnesium oxide percentage increased from 3% to 9% in increasing order and the silicon carbide percentage decreased from 9% to 3% in decreasing order in each specimens. The basic properties like hardness, impact strength, tensile strength and percentage of elongation were measured for the each specimen. The superior qualified specimen is selected for identification of microstructure.

In this paper an attempt is made to study the unsupervised learning clustering algorithms such as K-Means, Agglomerative, and Fuzzy C-means Clustering methods. The Nature inspired metaheuristics algorithms such as Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSOA), Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm (MFO), BAT Optimization Algorithm (BAT), and Firefly Algorithm (FFA) are used to optimize the unsupervised algorithms for better results. Objective functions like Sum of Squared Errors and Total within-Cluster Variation are taken as objective function in the optimization algorithms. The datasets used in the paper are Heart, Liver and Appendicitis. It has been found that the K-Means have given better results compared to the other algorithms.

In order to solve the problem of emission of harmful gases like Nox, Sox, and CO which are being emitted into the atmosphere and to improve the performance of the engine we have made three subprojects like hydrogen generator equipment, urea injection in exhaust gas flow and a separate chamber to control the emission. In the hydrogen generator equipment, we have made a setup using aluminum rods and baking soda solution to generate hydrogen gas which should be mixed with the inlet compressed air of the engine. Then, the aqueous urea is injected in the exhaust before the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to increase the conversion of harmful nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen. At last, the separate chamber is made to absorb the fine carbon particles and to considerably reduce the Sox and Nox emission. Form this analysis engine emits less smoke than normal exhaust as the average value of HSU is 38.01.

Wind power harnessing in omnidirectional wind turbines is clean and non-polluting renewable energy sources to produce power. INVELOX is a revolutionary concept in omnidirectional wind turbines, collecting wind from all directions to ground level for safe, powerful and cost-effective operation. It increases the flow inside the section of venturi which is eventually extended and released via diffuser to the ambient atmosphere. In this analysis, the power output of this omnidirectional wind turbine was improved by optimizing the geometrical parameter of the diffuser exit and the variation of velocity on the throat area is discussed. The wind turbine efficiency was examined for various diffuser section angles based on the venturi segment and computationally simulated to test the increase in power output to determine the effective turbine for multiple incoming velocities.

This article focuses on the synthesizing of copper metal matrix material (CMMC). Titanium carbide and groundnut shell ash strengthen the steel. The 70 per cent hybrid mixture with copper powder, 15 per cent tungsten carbide powder and 15 per cent groundnut shell ash favoured where copper is mixture content. The composite made using metallurgical powder technology. The proposed composite studied through study of microscopy, corrosive analysis and measuring of hardness. Reinforcing the existing 15% Tungsten Carbide Powder mixture and 15% Groundnut Ash shell, enhanced hardness and diminished corrosion rate (increased corrosive resistance). The Scanning Electron Microscopy picture guarantees a clear distribution of reinforced particles in the matrix content.

This study paying attention on to optimize the variable factors involved in the stir casting to found the corrosion rate for the Aluminium matrix composite such as aluminium alloy 7010 and reinforcement of boron carbide. The composites are produced by stir casting route with consideration of different process factors while producing the casting. In optimization the stir casting process parameters selected as percentage of reinforcement (3%, 6% and 9%), stirring speed (250 rpm, 500 rpm and 750 rpm) and stirring time (3 min, 5 min and 7 min). The specimens are made not only a single aluminium alloy adding different percentage level of boron carbide to improve and minimize the corrosion rate. For this research, the Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to optimize the corrosion resistance and attained best specimen for further application usage. All the factors and their values are analyzed by applying of statistical method using Minitab.

The Metal Matrix Composition (MMC) is one of the encouraging methods in most of the manufacturing industry. In this paper we planned to prepare the MMC using magnesium alloy and tungsten carbide. Due to the influence of simulation in every manufacturing activity, the simulation is conducted before manufacturing any component. In literature there are many techniques proposed for the simulation of various manufacturing process. But parameter optimization using suitable algorithm is a challenging task. Hence in this paper, a league championship optimization (LCO) technique proposed for the optimal parameter selection for the MMC preparation. In the proposed work, the Magnesium alloy and tungsten carbide are consider for preparing light weight and high strength MMC for automobile and aeronautical component manufacturing. Initially the LCO is executed to select the optimal parameter or ratio of two material is selected. Then FEM analysis is conducted to evaluate the strength and hardness of the modelled MMC. Then the outcome model is experimentally created and its micro hardness and strength is tested to analysis the actual result. Then the results of predicted and actual results are compared to validate the effectiveness of proposed optimization technique. Ultimately result analysis proves the closeness of the actual and predicted results.

Additive Manufacturing is most commonly known as 3D Printing that indicates the Rapid Prototyping (RP) Technologies developed in the 1980s, which can directly fabricate complex structures into 3D objects by 3D Computer Aided Design (3D CAD). Recent advancements in AM created a platform for developing complex geometries and reduce cost and production time of products in design space of the original product. The main aim of this process is to attain a product with optimizing features like lightweight, increase in energy absorption and heat transfer, insulation and reduce materials. On the contrary, there are many complications in modelling and generation of lattice structures and implementing various applications. Hence, this paper reveals the modern approach for the configuration of generating lattices and their behavior.

The main aim of manufacturers is to cast the aluminum alloys without any defects. Hence, in this work we present the casting of aluminum alloy LM25 to manufacture intricate automobile components and compared it with AC4B Nano-composite Alloy through the process of Gravity Die Casting. The mechanical properties of these alloys are characterized by implementing tensile test, hardness test and compressive test. The Scanning Electron Microscope is used further to test the microstructure investigations. The quantitative results of microstructural study shows the presence of grain refinement, uniform distribution and less number of pores in nano-composite specimen. Further, the addition of B4C Nano-composite in the aluminum alloys increases the mechanical properties like yield strength, hardness and ultimate strength. Such improvement in mechanical properties is due to the usage of particle size and fabrication process.

Aluminium Matrix Composite (AMC) is an encouraging metal matrix composition method for the preparation of most of the commercial metal. The AMC preparation with nitride or oxide nano particle has advantage to boost the hardness and strength of the metal. But the preparation of actual or exact composition of reinforcement material is challenging task. Hence optimization is employed in this paper to select the optimal parameter of the stair casting process of AMC preparation. In the proposed work the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is used for the optimal parameter selection. The optimization is employed based on the hardness and strength. Ultimately the performance of the proposed technique proves the effectiveness in the stair casting parameter optimization.

In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of generating shock waves through direct and confined ablation modes of plasma method of massive laser shock peening (MLSP) on surface integrity of cast dumbbell shaped and cylindrical cast specimens of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and to compare with those of untreated CP-Ti. The MLSP is usually performed in a massively peening mode to induce uniform compressive residual stress and surface deformation across the entire specimens. After MLSP, tensile testing was carried out to obtain the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and percentage elongation. The microstructural and surface topography investigations of the laser shock peened material were carried out using digital, optical microscopy and SEM equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and XRD. The results show that laser shock peened with confined ablation make the surface of CP-Ti with improved change in microstructure, increase in tensile strength, microhardness (73.08%), surface roughness and compressive residual stresses (−420 MPa) which prolongs the mastication ability and dimensional stability of dental implant restorative materials.

Banana, Pineapple and Jute fiber were mixed with different combination of volume percentage by hand layup technique. For this investigation six types of combinations used. Banana fiber has 60% in all the combination and remaining 40% of fiber only shared with Pineapple fiber and Jute fiber for six different combinations and also each combination with three different (5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm) thicknesses. The corresponding thermal analysis such as thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of six combination fiber composites were compared for the good thermal insulator for insulation applications.

Due to the practicability of economically generating large-scale metal components with relatively high deposition rates, consequential progress has been made in the perspective of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process. This article reviews the looming research on WAAM techniques and the commonly used metallic feedstock materials. The frequent defects that are produced in components during the WAAM process using different alloys are characterized including deformity, porosity, and cracking. Methods for enhancing the fabrication quality of the additively manufactured components are also discussed, with the consideration of the requirements of the distinct alloys. The implementation of the standardized Conventional Heat Treatment procedure to mitigate the defects in the WAAM process and in capturing the future possibilities that are efficient has been discussed. This paper concludes that the extensive application of WAAM still demonstrates many challenges, and these may need to be focused and solved in specific ways for different materials to produce an operational system in an acceptable time frame. The unification of materials and manufacturing process to produce defect-free and structurally-sound deposited parts remains a crucial effort in the future.

In this paper the hydraulic and thermal constrain of the plate heat exchanger is optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the heat exchanger. In the proposed method the multi objective wale optimization (MOWO) is used for optimizing the parameter of the plate heat exchanger. In MOWO the parameters of the plate heat exchangers such as, horizontal port centre distance, vertical port centre distance, enlargement factor, port diameter, plate thickness, number of thermal plates and plate spacing are optimized to achieve better sensitivity. The thermal and hydraulic drop are consider as the objective function, in which the heat transfer is enhanced and the pressure drop is minimized by using MOWO. Then the proposed system is implemented using matlab and its performance are analysed. The obtained performance proves the effectiveness of the proposed system.

This study concentrated to optimize the surface roughness analysis for the AA5083 – Boron carbide (B4C) composites with three process factors. The high strength aluminium alloy 5083 is considered for this study and increasing the strength by the reinforcement of boron carbide particles with different percentage of weight. The aluminium matrix composites are produced by the stir casting route. The stirring action implies 600 rpm constantly to increase the strength of the composite for improving the machining parameters. The optimization of machining (drilling) parameters for this study considered as drilling speed (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm), drilling feed (60 mm/min, 100 mm/min and 140 mm/min) and percentage of reinforcement (5%, 10% and 15%). The Design of experiments (DOE) is involved to find the minimum surface roughness of the composites efficiently, using the L9 OA to optimize the factors of the drilling operation. Surface microstructure study is conducted through 3D surface profilometry approach with the aid of gwyddion software.

The major purpose of the present study is to investigate and compare the characteristics of dissimilar joining of Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel using diffusion bonding process and analysis of the temperature distribution and stress intensity with the help of ANSYS software. For the diffusion bonding the joint quality is based on the process parameters like time, temperature and pressure maintained during the process. Diffusion bonding experiments for Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel was carried out by varying the Pressure 5 MPa, 10 MPa and 15 Mpa, temperature 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C also time 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. The diffusion bonded joints of the Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel created and temperature distribution were done by ANSYS.

Rapid globalization and demand for the advanced material, hybrid materials are possessing an up marketed strategy in the field of material research. Due to the demand for lightweight and strong nature of materials, aluminium is considered as largely utilized material for manufacturing components in industrial and other manufacturing sectors. However, aluminium materials are being researched through the decades for improvising the mechanical properties. Therefore, hybrid matrix composites are introduced to improve the mechanical properties by the addition of reinforcements. One of the recent advancements in hybrid metal composites is the introduction of nanoparticles in the composition mixture. In this research work, an aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite is prepared by the nano reinforcement particles. Aluminium is considered to be an efficient element for manufacturing and numerous level of hybridization is carried out in the metal processing. In this current research work, aluminium alloy 2219 is hybridized with nanoparticles of Titanium Carbide, Aluminium Oxide and Silicon Nitride with the proportion of 94% of the primary material with 6% of reinforcement material. The reinforcements are fabricated by the conventional processing of advanced method of casting process namely stirring-squeeze casting process for manufacturing the proposed reinforced material. The advantage of this squeeze casting process, it can limit the defects than conventional casting process. The fabrication process develops eight sets of cylindrical specimens of dimension 50 × 150 mm for testing under varied melt and die temperatures which are maintained at 800 °C and 400 °C and squeeze pressure of 100 Mpa during each level of fabrication. Mechanical testing is carried out after the fabrication process and tested the properties of prepared specimens under loading conditions. Tensile testing and hardness of the material are tested on universal testing machine and Brinell hardness with intender ball of 5 mm diameter under 250 kg loading condition. The statistical method of analysis is one of the easiest way analysis the error rate of the result obtained in the experimentation through machine learning process. Therefore, this research develops a statistical analysis method for optimizing the process parameters for better improvement in mechanical properties. The K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) are proposed for optimizing the process parameters of stirring-squeeze casting process. Conclusively, the result concludes with a comparative study of experimental and predicted outcomes. From the result of comparison, the proposed composition of material has highest level of mechanical properties for manufacturing components in a real-time scenario respectively.

Energy resources in our modern fast paced techno world are fast depleting. Hence a renewable energy source is much required at the moment Wind energy is a renewable source of energy. today, the output power from wind turbines can be utilized in two ways, either by direct use of the mechanical shaft power (through a gear in gear ratio) or by letting the wind turbine power and electrical generator, and utilizing the generated power as electrical power. This paper brings a new possibility for the utilization of the wind generated power, for various electrical components inside a typical railway train through the batteries, charged by the wind energy harnessed by a wind turbine mounted at the top of the train coaches. This setup consists of duct, turbine, and generator. The setup is designed in such a way that it does not affect the performance of the train. Average velocity is estimated for the train and the suitable specification of generator is selected. The theoretical calculations of duct, turbine and pulley parameters are calculated and the whole setup is designed in CATIA, also by varying the inlet air velocity, the speed and torque of the turbine are calculated using CFX software. These parameters are used for calculating generator’s speed and torque and are validated by comparing with the theoretical design calculations. Future advancements are discussed, and a path for experimental verification is proposed.

The aim of this investigation is to optimize the effects of machining parameters of CNC milling machine for the Aluminium Alloy AA6063 + SiC with response of surface roughness by employing Taguchi tool. The machining parameters of this investigation are Cutting Speed, Feed rate, and Depth of cut. Taguchi tool as L9 orthogonal array and three levels of machining parameters are used to estimate the output such as surface roughness. The nine specimens of experiments are used to calculate the surface roughness. The ANOVA is mainly support to intimate which parameter is more influence for this investigation. Among three parameters, feed as more significant factor to response value followed as depth of cut and cutting speed.

In general connecting rods are manufactured by using carbon steel; nowadays aluminium alloys are best alternative material to produce connecting rod. Aluminium alloys are less weight and absorb high impact strength since it is best suited for high speed engine in the bike. In this work focused on to analysis of three different aluminium alloy materials as AA2014, AA6061 and AA7075. FEA analysis was carried out through ANSYS software for selected three materials and von misses stress; shear stress and total deformation were obtained from ANSYS software. The analysis on various geometric forms of connecting rod such as solid type, shell type has been carried out using modelling package such as SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software. The apt result has obtained from the analysis, the deformation and stiffness of each material clearly shows in the output of the analyzed images and also in theoretical calculation. Comparing with the three materials the AA2014 possess less weight and better stiffness.

Welding is widely used in the final stage of the casting production and in fabricating the components for joining. The simplicity of titanium welding and its special effects on mechanical properties is therefore extremely important conditions in the case of engineering workings. The idea of this review is, to sum up the welding capability and its effects on mechanical properties of grade 5 titanium alloy tubes. It has been identified that the titanium welding is used in different fields throughout the world. The GTAW process is the best method to weld the titanium alloys.