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The practice of managing the supply chain to lessen negative environmental effects and promote sustainability is known as “green supply chain management” (GSCM). This includes reducing energy and water usage, reducing unused, and utilizing renewable or recyclable materials. Green supply chain management also requires that companies look into the environmental impacts of their suppliers and customers, making sure their practices are sustainable as well. Companies that take part in green supply chain management are oftentimes rewarded with financial incentives, improved customer relations, and employee satisfaction. The Indian leather industry which is the most polluted industry needs GSCM practices at war footing not only for their sustainable operations but for humankind also. Human behavior is a complex and ever-evolving field of study. It is a combination of psychological, biological, and social factors that influence how people think, feel, and act. Human behavior is affected by a variety of external and internal stimuli, including environmental conditions, cultural norms, and individual experiences. As such, it is important to understand the various factors that can shape our behavior to better understand ourselves and others. As a result, it's crucial to comprehend and rate the behavioral aspects that have an impact on GSCM adoption in the Indian leather business. The Green supply chain management decision-makers would find this to be useful in establishing the chain of action for the effective employment of green practises in the Indian leather industry. ISM is a useful approach for understanding the complex relationships between various behavioral elements and their hierarchies in the context of green supply chain management (GSCM) adoption. It can be used to identify the key behavioral factors that influence the effective adoption of GSCM in the Indian leather industry, as well as the interdependencies between these factors. This can help GSCM decision-makers in the Indian leather industry to better understand the challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainable practices throughout their supply chain and to develop effective strategies for addressing them. Additionally, ISM can be used to identify the key drivers and barriers to GSCM adoption, which can inform the development of targeted interventions to promote sustainable practices in the Indian leather sector.

Enduring expansions and advancement in the knowledge driven energy-economy era promise a power system that is cost-effectively competent, environmentally responsive, flawless and operationally acquiescent. This imminent power system will depend on latest communication technologies, computational easiness, and monitoring and control strategies attributable to the consumers or end users. Amid the numerous advances related to this development, a strategic and significant component is demand side management (DSM). Demand response can play an important and pertinent role in the milieu of DSM, and incentive-based demand response program (IBDRP) is getting customer focus in many parts of the world. This study tries to bring out major aspects to be considered while introducing IBDRP in retail electricity markets. Document analysis, a well-known qualitative research methodology, is used for analyzing various IBDRP schemes practiced globally, with the help of the ATLAS.ti software and utilizing the snowball sampling technique. For better understanding, the results of the axial coding are arranged in three stages: pre-implementation stage, implementation stage, and post-implementation stage. Based on the importance and their frequency of appearance, ten most prominent codes were identified, and the strength of their interrelationships is presented on a multilevel scale with three different ranks. One of the major and important outcomes of this research is that, with the help of the proposed conceptual framework, a proper implementation framework can be built, which can be used for developing most appropriate IBDRP for any retail electricity market. Keywords: Document analysis, Demand response, Consumer participation, Implementation framework, ATLAS.ti

Since the export of fossil fuel is the backbone of Kuwait's economy, the enormous upsurge in the internal fuel consumption creates anguish and bane. At present, 46% of the internal fossil fuel consumption is used for electricity generation. The increase in fuel consumption hurled Kuwait as one of the highest per capita electricity consuming as well as CO 2 emitting countries in the world. Consumers pay only 6% of the production cost of electricity—the government subsidizes the balance—, which is one of the major reasons behind the high electricity consumption in the country. Any reduction in electricity consumption can positively reflect on both per capita electricity consumption and CO 2 emission. Additionally, the saved fossil fuel can be exported to generate revenue to support the country's economy. Worldwide, demand side management (DSM) is considered as an effective tool to curtail electricity demand. The objective of this review paper is to explore the available literature to find out the most suitable DSM measures to control the growth of per capita electricity consumption in Kuwait. After conducting a detailed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, it is concluded that incentive-based demand response programs can be considered as one of the most suitable solutions to address this problem.

India had its first act on Power Sector in 1910. Till 1991, lack of significant structural changes and achievements has labeled these 80 years as nascent stage for Indian Power Sector. In 1991, various reforms were initiated by the Government to deal with the shortage of power and to attract private investment. Though further reforms initiated by Electricity Act 2003 attempted to address many issues of the Indian power sector; losses and bad financial health of distribution sector is still an area of concern. To manage the distribution segment in more efficient way there is a need of third generation reforms. This paper critically evaluates the salient features of Electricity Act 2003, present scenario of Indian Power Sector with special emphasis on distribution losses and the concern areas which are plaguing the sector. The review also foresees the role of Electricity Amendment Bill 2014 in the introduction of retail in India by separating distribution business from supply business.

Owing to countless advancements in information technology, all residential consumers, in any part of the world, are empowered to contribute to demand response (DR) programs, to manage their electricity usage and to cut associated expenses using a suitable energy management system. Solutions based on consumer participation in meeting the growing electricity demand are carried out through different programs, and incentive-based demand response (IBDR) programs play an important role in these circumstances. However, introducing such programs to any new market needs consumers' willingness along with a good policy support. This study assesses the willingness and interest of consumers to participate in different IBDR programs and the associated need for developing policies, based on the consumers’ feedback, in a subsidized electricity market such as that of Kuwait. A survey was conducted to get feedback from consumers on three different IBDR programs and four incentive schemes. After establishing the association between incentivization and load reduction, and identifying consumers’ choice on the most preferred IBDR programs and incentive schemes, the results were used to assess the need for different policy strategies for a typical subsidized market. The results of this study can be taken as a reference for formulating policies and programs for similar markets. The analysis on the impact of the programs indicates that by implementing IBDR programs, in addition to the financial benefit to both consumers and implementer, Kuwait can maintain its reserve capacity without any further addition of power plants.