1. TT Virus Replicates in Stimulated but Not in Nonstimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
- Author
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Vicente Carreño, Javier Bartolomé, Nuria Ortiz-Movilla, Juan Manuel López-Alcorocho, L.F. Mariscal, Elena Rodríguez-Iñigo, and Susana de Lucas
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharide ,TTV ,Virus Replication ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Virus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Cells, Cultured ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Torque teno virus ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,PBMC ,replicative forms ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,“rolling-circle” ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Viral replication ,DNA, Viral ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,RNA, Viral ,viral replication ,in situ hybridization ,Circoviridae ,Bone marrow - Abstract
TT virus (TTV) is an unenveloped, single-stranded, circular-DNA virus which resembles members of the Circoviridae, that is commonly found in humans and which lacks pathological consequences for the infected host. TTV replication has been demonstrated in bone marrow cells but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), suggesting that hematopoietic cells must be activated to support TTV replication. To test this hypothesis, PBMC from two naturally TTV-infected individuals and from two healthy TTV-DNA negative donors infected in vitro with a TTV-DNA-positive serum were cultured in the presence (stimulated) or absence (unstimulated) of phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-2. TTV-DNA was detected in both stimulated and unstimulated PBMC. However, TTV-DNA replicative intermediates and mRNA were detected only in stimulated PBMC. Furthermore, TTV-DNA and mRNA were detected in PBMC from two TTV negative donors reinfected with supernatants from TTV-infected stimulated cells but not when using culture supernatants from unstimulated cells. These results demonstrate that TTV replicates in PBMC only when stimulated.
- Published
- 2002
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