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Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal ablation technique for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Early differentiation of the IRE zone from surrounding reversibly electroporated (RE) penumbra is vital for the evaluation of treatment response. In this study, an advanced statistical learning framework was developed by evaluating standard MRI data to differentiate IRE ablation zones, and to correlate with histological tumor biomarkers.Fourteen rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were scanned following IRE ablation and forty-six features were extracted from T1w and T2w MRI. Following identification of key imaging variables through two-step feature analysis, multivariable classification and regression models were generated for differentiation of IRE ablation zones, and correlation with histological markers reflecting viable tumor cells, microvessel density, and apoptosis rate. The performance of the multivariable models was assessed by measuring accuracy, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, and Spearman correlation coefficients.The classifiers integrating four radiomics features of T1w, T2w, and T1w+T2w MRI data distinguished IRE from RE zones with an accuracy of 97%, 80%, and 97%, respectively. Also, pixelwise classification models of T1w, T2w, and T1w+T2w MRI labeled each voxel with an accuracy of 82.8%, 66.5%, and 82.9%, respectively. Regression models obtained a strong correlation with behavior of viable tumor cells (0.62 ≤ rMRI radiomics features provide descriptive power for early differentiation of IRE and RE zones while observing strong correlations among multivariable MRI regression models and histological tumor biomarkers.

Existing synchronous network search data extraction techniques suffer from load unbalance in the face of increasing number of concurrent users. For this reason, this paper presents the research on the optimum synchronous network search data extraction based on swarm intelligence algorithm. A traffic balancing model is constructed to determine the node balance state according to the traffic variation and influence factors of network nodes. Under the condition that the node state is known, the swarm intelligence algorithm is used to cluster the data to be synchronized and adjust the node state so that it is kept stable throughout the synchronization process. The clustered data act as the target to connect the user with the server side to achieve the optimum network search data extraction and synchronization. The experimental results show that when the number of concurrent network users is increasing, the designed technique features stable load balancing, and achieves optimum data extraction performance and low execution cost when the task completion time is less than 0.5 s.

The traditional cloud computing task offloading algorithm consumes abundant energy in task scheduling, which results in a longer average task waiting time. For this reason, a cloud computing task offloading algorithm based on dynamic multi-objective evolution is proposed in this research. In order to ensure the parallel completion of multiple tasks, the dynamic multi-objective evolution method is used to construct the cloud computing task scheduling model and complete the cloud computing task scheduling. Then, based on the calculated effectiveness and validity of energy consumption to complete the initial operation distribution and offloading priority, the time and cost of task offloading are calculated according to the raking results of task offloading priority. The cloud computing tasks are distributed with minimum time and minimum cost as the goal. At the same time, the trade-off coefficients of all utility parameters are effectively combined and dynamically adjusted according to the battery capacity of mobile terminal, in order to achieve the offloading of cloud computing tasks. The average task carrying time, average task waiting time and average task completion time are selected as the parameters to evaluate the algorithm performance. The experimental results show that compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows the best performance, which fully proves the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

With the explosive growth in the amount of data nowadays, we have entered the era of the “big data”. In this circumstance, it is becoming more and more significant to effectively and efficiently managing such massive-scale data. Traditionally, data are managed by only one single and unified metric, which might be too restrict due to the incapability to represent their social attributes (i.e., each sample and its socially-connected neighbors in the feature space). To tackle this problem, we propose a multi-metric framework for data similarity management, wherein the multiple metrics are derived through a dense subgraph mining algorithm. More specifically, for each sample, we first extract multi-channel features to characterize it, based on which multiple massive-scale affinity graphs can be constructed accordingly. Afterward, for affinity graph from each feature channel, we discover the densely distributed subgraphs on it. Thereby, each sample’s social network can be obtained and the metric can be defined accordingly. Finally, we can fuse the multiple metrics corresponding to social networks from different feature channels. In this manner, we obtain the so-called multi-metric similarity measure, which is socially-aware and optimally fuses multi-channel features. Comprehensive experimental results on six publicly available data sets have demonstrated the competitiveness of our proposed multi-metric in massive-scale data classification and retrieval.

To establish a radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 proliferation index in stage T1a-b lung adenocarcinoma.A total of 206 patients with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who underwent CT scans within 2 weeks preoperatively from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively included. Ki-67 index ≤ 10% was considered low expression, and Ki-67 index 10% was considered high expression. The primary cohort was randomized with a 7:3 ratio into a training cohort (n = 145) and a validation cohort (n = 61). The minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used for feature selection, and radiomics signature was constructed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify clinically important risk factors and radiomics signature associated with Ki-67 proliferation index, which were then combined into radiomics nomogram.Tumor maximum diameter (P = 0.005), lobulation (P = 0.002), absent of vacuole (P 0.001), and Radscore (P 0.001) were independent risk predictors of high Ki-67 proliferation index expression. The radiomics nomogram showed good predictive efficacy. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of radiomics nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96), 87.9%, 80.5%, 83.4% and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94), 71.9%, 82.8% and 77.0%. Decision curve analysis further demonstrated the clinical utility of the nomogram.Radiomics nomogram provide a non-invasive method to predict Ki-67 proliferation index preoperatively in stage T1a-b lung adenocarcinoma, which might be the supplementary information for clinicians to choose the appropriate treatment program.

Let λ ( s ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ 1 ( 2 n + 1 ) s , β ( s ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) n ( 2 n + 1 ) s , and η ( s ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n s be the Dirichlet lambda function, its alternating form, and the Dirichlet eta function, respectively. According to a recent historical book by Varadarajan ( [25, p. 70] ), these three functions were investigated by Euler under the notations N ( s ) , L ( s ) , and M ( s ) , respectively. In this paper, we shall present some additional properties for them. That is, we obtain a number of infinite families of linear recurrence relations for λ ( s ) at positive even integer arguments λ ( 2 m ) , convolution identities for special values of λ ( s ) at even arguments and special values of β ( s ) at odd arguments, and a power series expansion for the alternating Hurwitz zeta function J ( s , a ) , which involves a known one for η ( s ) .

The LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse is one of the most widely used transgenic models to evaluate tumor characteristics and to develop novel therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). There is no report of the effective systemic evaluation of longitudinal KPC tumor imitation and growth. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer in KPC mice using longitudinal multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches and overall survival. Ten KPC mice were used to develop spontaneous PDAC and monitored by MRI. Tumor growth was evaluated using weekly acquired MRI data. The relationship between diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) imaging biomarkers (apparent diffusion coefficient - ADC) and tumor fibrosis measurement by pathological methods was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Six KPC mice developed spontaneously pancreatic tumors at the age of 20.0 ± 2.9 weeks with a relatively short life span (6.8 ± 1.8 weeks). The tumors could be detected by MRI with a minimum diameter of 3.88 ± 1.18 mm (range, 2.18–5.20 mm), showing a rapid growth curve according to both the longest diameter (1.63 ± 0.52 mm/week) and tumor volume (148.77 ± 80.87 mm3)/week. Pathological results confirmed that the tumors display histopathological features of human pancreatic cancer. A strong correlation between ADC values and fibrosis measurements was observed (R = −0.825, P = .043). Our results show that the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumor in KPC mice can be evaluated by longitudinally non-invasive dynamic MRI approaches. The findings will be the fundamental KPC background data for developing novel therapeutic approaches, in particular for evaluation of response to novel treatments.

Dating back to Euler, in classical analysis and number theory, the Hurwitz zeta function $$ \zeta(z,q)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(n+q)^{z}}, $$ the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(z)$, the generalized Stieltjes constants $\gamma_k(q)$, the Euler constant $\gamma$, Euler's gamma function $\Gamma(q)$ and the digamma function $\psi(q)$ have many close connections on their definitions and properties. There are also many integrals, series or infinite product representations of them along the history. In this note, we try to provide a parallel story for the alternating Hurwitz zeta function (also known as the Hurwitz-type Euler zeta function) $$\zeta_{E}(z,q)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^{n}}{(n+q)^{z}},$$ the alternating zeta function $\zeta_{E}(z)$ (also known as the Dirichlet's eta function $\eta(z)$), the modified Stieltjes constants $\tilde\gamma_k(q)$, the modified Euler constant $\tilde\gamma_{0}$, the modified gamma function $\tilde\Gamma(q)$ and the modified digamma function $\tilde\psi(q)$ (also known as the Nielsen's $\beta$ function). Many new integrals, series or infinite product representations of these constants and special functions have been found. By the way, we also get two new series expansions of $\pi:$ \begin{equation*} \frac{\pi^2}{12}=\frac34-\sum_{k=1}^\infty(\zeta_E(2k+2)-1) \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} \frac{\pi}{2}= \log2+2\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^k}{k!}\tilde\gamma_k(1)\sum_{j=0}^kS(k,j)j!. \end{equation*}, Comment: 34 pages, Final version

Using the Jackson integral, we obtain the q-integral analogue of Raabe's 1843 formula for Barnes multiple Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions and Barnes and Vardi's multiple gamma functions. Our results generalize q-integral analogue of the Raabe type formulas for the Hurwitz zeta functions and log gamma functions in [9] . During the proof we also obtain a new formula on the relationship between the higher and lower orders Hurwitz zeta functions.

This paper discuss the term threats, attacks and vulnerabilities in Wireless Sensor Networks followed by a model that relates the three entities. Based on the model, a framework of Trusted Wireless Sensor node is presented consisting of two major sections which are platform security enhancement and Trusted Authentication protocol to enhance sensor nodes security features and confirm the fidelity of node joining the network respectively. The design of the framework is in line with Trusted Computing Group specifications toward trusted platform implementation. Finally, brief analysis on the proposed framework is presented.

In this paper, we give a definition of the p-adic Arakawa–Kaneko–Hamahata zeta functions. These zeta functions interpolate Hamahata's poly-Euler polynomials at non-positive integers. We prove the derivative formula, the difference equation and the reflection formula of these zeta functions. Furthermore, we also prove a sums of products identity and a closed form of Hamahata's poly-Euler polynomials in terms of the Stirling numbers of the second kind.

In this paper, using Cohen's and Tangedal and Young's theory on the p -adic Hurwitz zeta functions, we construct the analytic Dedekind sums on the p -adic complex plane C p . We show that these Dedekind sums interpolate Carlitz's higher order Dedekind sums p -adically. From Apostol's reciprocity law for the generalized Dedekind sums, we also prove a reciprocity relation for the special values of these p -adic Dedekind sums. Finally, the parallel results for the analytic Dedekind sums on the p -adic complex plane associated with Euler polynomials have also been given.

The Apostol–Dedekind sum with quasi-periodic Euler functions is an analogue of Apostol's definition of the generalized Dedekind sum with periodic Bernoulli functions. In this paper, using the Boole summation formula, we shall obtain the reciprocity formula for this sum.

Iwasawa made the fundamental discovery that there is a close connection between the ideal class groups of Z p -extensions of cyclotomic fields and the p-adic analogue of Riemann's zeta functions ζ ( s ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ 1 n s . In this paper, we show that there may also exist a parallel Iwasawa's theory corresponding to the p-adic analogue of Euler's deformation of zeta functions ϕ ( s ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n s .

This study explored the impact of infant temperament and maternal stress on the development of the infant medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) among sixteen 6–8-month-old infants. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure activation of the infant mPFC in response to angry, happy, and sad faces. Infant temperament and dimensions of maternal stress were measured with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and the Parenting Stress Index Respectively. Infants with high negative emotionality demonstrated increased mPFC activation in association with all emotion face conditions. Negative emotionality moderated the effect of total maternal stress on mPFC activation to angry and sad faces. Mother-infant dysfunctional interaction was related to increased mPFC activation associated with happy faces, supporting the “novelty hypothesis”, in which the mPFC responds more strongly to unique experiences. Therefore, this study provides additional evidence that infant temperament and the quality of the mother-infant relationship influence the development of the mPFC and how infants process emotions.

The location of oxygen vacancies in Sr2CuO3+δ single crystal has been studied by polarized extended x-ray absorption fine structure (PEXAFS) at Cu K-edge. We found that the oxygen vacancies locate both in the CuO2 plane and at the apical site. Among the total 18 ± 8% oxygen vacancies, about 10 ± 5% locates in the CuO2 plane and 8 ± 3% at the apical site.

Text In this paper, using the fermionic p-adic integral on Z p , we define the corresponding p-adic Log Gamma functions, so-called p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions. We then prove several fundamental results for these p-adic Log Gamma functions, including the Laurent series expansion, the distribution formula, the functional equation and the reflection formula. We express the derivative of p-adic Euler L-functions at s = 0 and the special values of p-adic Euler L-functions at positive integers as linear combinations of p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions. Finally, using the p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions, we obtain the formula for the derivative of the p-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta function at s = 0 , then we show that the p-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions will appear in the studying for a special case of p-adic analogue of the ( S , T ) -version of the abelian rank one Stark conjecture. Video For a video summary of this paper, please click here or visit http://youtu.be/DW77g3aPcFU .

Objectives The phylogenetic relationships between Chinese Leishmania strains were investigated using lack ( Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated protein kinase C) gene sequences, and the power of this gene was assessed for understanding the epidemiology and population genetics of Leishmania . Methods The lack gene sequences from Leishmania isolates were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequence alignment was performed and a phylogenetic tree was created using the MEGA 5.0 software program. Results Sequences of 850 bp were analyzed for each of the Leishmania strains collected from different locations in China, and minor differences in sequences were noted between the strains. Four distinct groups formed according to differences in the sequences of the lack gene. Group I consisted of 12 isolates from Shandong, Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan. These strains are part of the Leishmania donovani complex and are pathogenic to humans and canines. Group II included six isolates from Xinjiang and a reference strain, Leishmania turanica . Group III contained two isolates (one from a sand fly in Xinjiang and one from a rodent in Inner Mongolia) and they were identified as Leishmania gerbilli . Finally, group IV contained a strain from a sand fly in Xinjiang and a strain from a lizard in Inner Mongolia, and these strains were found to be Sauroleishmania . Conclusion The Chinese Leishmania isolates formed four groups based on differences in the sequences of the lack gene, and this result is consistent with previous studies. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the Leishmania isolates from China are more complicated than previously thought. There is consensus between genetic clustering and identification using classical methods, which means that the lack gene yields polymorphic information that could be used for genotyping Leishmania isolates.

In this note, we give explicit expressions of Gauss sums for general (resp. special) linear groups over finite fields, which involves Gauss sums (resp. Kloosterman sums). The key ingredient is averaging such sums over Borel subgroups. As applications, we count the number of invertible matrices of zero-trace over finite fields and we also improve two bounds by Ferguson, Hoffman, Luca, Ostafe and Shparlinski in [ Some additive combinatorics problems in matrix rings, Rev. Mat. Complut. (23) 2010, 501--513 ]., 9 pages

The definition for the $p$-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions has been given by using the fermionic $p$-adic integral on $\mathbb Z_p$. By computing the values of this kind of $p$-adic zeta function at negative integers, we show that it interpolates the Euler polynomials $p$-adically. Many properties are provided for the $p$-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions, including the convergent Laurent series expansion, the distribution formula, the functional equation, the reflection formula, the derivative formula, the $p$-adic Raabe formula and so on. The definition for the $p$-adic Euler $L$-functions has also been given by using the $p$-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions., 37 Pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1010.4440

Let q be a power of a prime number p. Let k=Fq(t) be the rational function field with constant field Fq. Let K=k(α) be an Artin–Schreier extension of k. In this paper, we explicitly describe the ambiguous ideal classes and the genus field of K. Using these results, we study the p-part of the ideal class group of the integral closure of Fq[t] in K. We also give an analogue of the Rédei–Reichardt formula for K.

An examination of day-ahead premiums for the Midwest ISO from September 2005 to December 2007 reveals that premiums are positive and statistically significant across all five hubs, indicating inefficiency in the Midwest wholesale electricity market. Further, day-ahead premiums exhibit monthly seasonal variation with some indication of the day-ahead premiums declining over time in three of the five hubs. (author)

New lower bounds are given for the sum of degrees of simple and distinct irreducible factors of the polynomial f 1 + ⋯ + f n , where f i ( 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n ) are pairwise relatively prime polynomials of several variables with coefficients in C .

This work describes a simple method to yield large amounts of the isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2 amastigotes-like forms in axenic cultures using promastigotes as the starting population. The isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, used in this study, belongs to an undescribed species of Leishmania endemic to hill foci in China. The method describes induced extracellular amastigote transformation of this isolate. The rounded parasite obtained in axenic culture was morphologically similar, even at the ultrastructural level, to intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, the axenic amastigotes remained viable as verified by the stage-specific genes (gp46 and p4 genes) with RT-PCR. A 70–80 kDa protein was recognized by polyclonal antibody HRP-IgG only in axenic-derived amastigotes and not in promastigotes.