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Introduction Extravasation or partial extravasation of the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer negatively effects image quality in PET and the accuracy of the standard uptake value (SUV). A commercially available topical sensor has been validated using a number of metrics to characterise injection quality. This evaluation explores contributing factors for extravasation and refines metrics to predict extravasation based on the time-activity-curves (TAC) of the topical sensor device. Methods A multi-site, multi-national pooling of 18F FDG PET/CT data was undertaken with 863 patients from 6 sites in the USA and 2 sites in Australia. A number of dose migration metrics determined with topical application of Lara sensors were retrospectively analysed using conventional statistical analysis. Deeper insights into the complex relationship between variables was further explored using an artificial neural network. Results Extravasation was independently predicted by the time taken for the injection sensor counts to reach double the counts of the reference sensor (tc50), the normalised difference between injection and reference sensors counts at 4 min post injection (ndAvgN), or the ratio of injection sensor counts to reference sensor counts at the end of data collection (CEnd ratio). The algorithm developed using the artificial neural network produced 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity against grounded truth for detecting extravasation by weighting and scaling these 3 key metrics; CEnd ratio, ndAvgN and tc50. Conclusion Partial extravasation of a PET dose is readily detected and differentiated using TAC metrics and these metrics could provide deeper insight into the impact of partial extravasation on image quality or quantitation. Further validation of key metrics developed in this study are recommended in a larger and more diverse cohort. Implications for practice Partial extravasation undermines image quality and accuracy of quantitation, impacting efficacy of outcomes for patients. Characterisation of extravasation informs decision making to optimise protocol and procedure, enhancing patient outcomes. Awareness provides the opportunity for education and training to minimise impact. The information can be used to drive policy and regulations to support improved techniques in practice.

Three cobalt(II) complexes based on 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (4′-Cltpy) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reaction with a 1:1 metal-to-ligand ratio in a mixed CH2Cl2–MeOH solvent afforded the mononuclear complex Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2 (1) that mimicks the previously reported Cu(4′-Cltpy)Cl2, while altering the metal-to-ligand ratio to 2:1 under the same reaction conditions resulted in the formation of a different complex with a component of [Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2][Co2(4′-Cltpy)2Cl4] (2), based on single crystal X-ray structural analysis. The presence of both a mononuclear molecule Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2 and dinuclear Cl-bridging Co2(4′-Cltpy)2Cl4 in 2 was revealed. The replacement of CoCl2 with Co(SCN)2 under the same reaction conditions as for 1 gave a similar mononuclear Co(4′-Cltpy)(SCN)2 (3). The cobalt(II) complexes along with the known copper analogue 4 were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity towards two human cancer cell lines, the human breast cancer (MCF-7) and leukemia (K562) cells, and distinct cytotoxicity was observed.

e are currently seniors at Norman Thomas High School in Manhattan, New York. We have been using the ellevue school-based health center (SBHC) since we started high school here. The SBHC has been able to rovide us with many services. As we are both varsity athletes, we get our annual physicals at the health center nd our clearance for sports. Additionally, we, along with many of our teammates, have been helped when we ustained injuries while playing. Some of our teammates with more serious orthopedic injuries have required ore extensive orthopedic treatment at Bellevue, in the Partners for Youth program, as part of their close elationship with the SBHC. All consultation and treatment through this special program is free of charge to all tudent athletes in New York City, and coordinated through our health center. As part of the annual care we receive, we get screenings, blood work, and vaccines. We also have obtained ealth and nutrition education, as well as education in the prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted iseases. Both of us have seen the social workers at the SBHC for counseling. We have recommended the service nd have taken some of our friends for help when they needed it. Our program has 2 social workers who are upportive and offer help, and they have many diverse resources. Several groups dealing with various issues are un weekly by the social workers and are open to everyone. They work closely with the nurse practitioners. One of the best things regarding our school-based health program is that reproductive health services are vailable to all those students needing it. Most importantly, all these services are confidential and easy to obtain. he staff provides screenings and treatment for sexually transmitted infections in a private and sensitive manner o that everyone is comfortable seeking out this service. For many teenagers, it is difficult to find the time to travel to the doctor, and therefore, many of our friends do ot receive regular health care; many have no health insurance. Our SBHC is convenient, and the nurse ractitioners are always available to help us, no matter what. We do not have to rely on a parent to take us, and e do not have to deal with waiting several weeks for an appointment. The relationship between the staff and the students is closer and more comfortable than kids generally have with heir doctors. The nurse practitioners have come to know us well over the past several years and are a part of our igh school life. We have come to know them, too, as opposed to seeing different providers every time we go o the doctor. The staff is always welcoming, supportive, understanding, and open to helping with any problem. e are also lucky that Bellevue is so close so we can access all the services in the hospital as well. We both articipated in the New York University School of Medicine BODY project, which stands for Banishing Obesity nd Diabetes in Youth. The team works from the SBHC, and the health center staff told us about the program nd recommended us for it. As seniors graduating in 2012, we will miss the easy relationship we have with the health center, but as a result f taking care of our personal health for the past 4 years, we will always keep our health a priority. Experiencing he helping relationship with the nurse practitioners over the past few years has motivated us to pursue careers here we can do the same for others in the future.