Search

Background Injury surveillance is the cornerstone of any prevention program. However the same pertaining to women’s boxing is meager. We hence intended to analyse the incidence, pattern and characteristics of injuries in female boxers during the 4th Elite Women’s National Boxing Championship, 2019, in India. Methods A total of 235 female Indian boxers participated in the tournament. Injuries from the competition injury database maintained in accordance with the injury code proposed by the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary were compiled to observe the pattern and analysed. The outcomes measured were incidence in terms of injury rate and injury risk and injury pattern in terms of site, nature, mechanism, severity and time of injury. Results The injury rate was observed to be 43.98 injuries per 1000 athlete bouts of exposure (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.71-54.07) and 293.21 injuries per 1000 athlete hours of competition (95% CI: 225.94-360.47). The most commonly injured site was head, face and neck regions. Most injuries were bruises/contusions followed by cuts and epistaxis. No concussions were reported. Conclusion This study observed that women are less prone to injuries than their male counterparts, even though a logical comparison is difficult because of the lack of data and standardization in women's boxing.

Recreational sports are more popular, with many athletes involved year-round in multiple sports and on multiple teams. Most athletes do not take proper rest, making them more susceptible to stress-related injuries. There are numerous sports-related injuries in the foot and ankle. These issues can be non-traumatic, due to chronic repetitive stresses, or traumatic. Most of these injuries are managed conservatively, and athletes do well and return to play, while some do better with operative management. This article discusses a few of the sports injuries that are common in the leg, foot, and ankle and the recovery process.

This article defines stress injury, including insufficiency and fatigue fractures. The pathophysiology and risk factors for development of stress injuries are also discussed. The most common locations, including specific imaging examples, are reviewed with an emphasis on early detection and differentiation of high-risk and low-risk locations. Optimal imaging modalities with associated imaging findings are covered, as well as some potential pitfalls to avoid. The importance of correlating imaging findings with symptoms and the prognostic value of imaging grading are also discussed.

Ankle sprain is the most common injury in athletic populations. Ligament and tendon pathologies of the ankle are common, ranging from traumatic injuries to degeneration leading to chronic pain and acquired foot deformities. MRI is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate tendon and ligament pathology of the ankle, specifically derangements of tendons and ligaments. 3-T MRI offers improved imaging characteristics relative to 1.5-T MRI, allowing for better delineation of anatomic detail and pathology. This article provides a review of the anatomy and common pathologies of the ankle ligaments and tendons using high-resolution 3-T MRI.

Utilization of musculoskeletal ultrasound, in particular for sports medicine, has dramatically increased in recent years. Ultrasound is an important adjunct tool to physical examination and other imaging methods in the evaluation and management of the injured athlete. It offers unique advantages in specific clinical scenarios. Dedicated training and a standardized scanning technique are important to overcome the inherent operator dependence and avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Ultrasound guidance can also improve accuracy in targeted percutaneous injection therapies. This article reviews the general ultrasound appearance of muscle, tendon, ligament, and nerve abnormalities in the athlete with a focus on sport-specific injuries.

Acute Achilles tendon rupture is one of the most common tendon injuries. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of augmented repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture with peroneus brevis tendon transfer and fixation to an oblique calcaneal transosseous tunnel. Functional evaluation was performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS). Postoperative complications were recorded. This study included 33 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 26.1 ± 4.2 years. The Achilles tendon ruptures were right in 24 patients and left in 18 patients. The cause of rupture was sports injuries in all patients. The mean distance from the calcaneal insertion to the tear site was 4.4 ± 1.3 cm. The mean time from injury to surgery was 2.4 ± 1.6 days. The mean follow-up time was 40.3 ± 4.9 months. The mean AOFAS and ATRS scores were 99.3 ± 1.2 and 95.9 ± 1.9, respectively, at 12 months of follow-up. The mean time to return to work was 12.1 ± 1.2 weeks. The mean time to return to light sports activities was 16.1 ± 1.8 weeks postoperatively. None of the patients developed re-rupture. Augmented repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures with peroneus brevis tendon transfer is a robust repair with excellent functional outcomes and early weight-bearing and return to sports activities.

Objectives To determine the relative number of acute musculoskeletal injuries sustained by children due to different sports in a region of the UK, and assess the burden upon the NHS, through a cross sectional study. Methods Collection of data for every child aged 6-18 seen at the Peterborough City Hospital fracture clinic, whose sports injury was from 1st September 2018 – 31st August 2019 (1 school year; n=689). Data was gathered throughout the year by three children's orthopaedic surgeons, who consulted the clinic records, notes and x-rays of all children who had attended clinic. Results Boys were 2.7 times more likely to sustain injury than girls. Children aged 6-9 had few injuries (mean 24 injuries each year group), 10-15 had a large number of injuries (mean 84), and 16-18 again had few injuries (mean 35). Football and rugby were responsible for the majority of injuries (61% between them), as well as the majority of physiotherapy appointments (72%). Sports with the highest likelihood that an injury will be sufficiently serious to require surgery were equestrian (42% of injuries required surgery), gymnastics (27%), ice skating (25%) and rugby (22%). Popular sports in which injuries were relatively rare include swimming, athletics, cricket, hockey, tennis and badminton. Conclusion The sports that caused the most injuries were football and rugby. Considering relative participation in different sports, it is clear that rugby has a disproportionate number of musculoskeletal injuries in total, of severe injuries requiring surgery, and requiring rehab from physiotherapy.

Background Hamstring strain is one of the most common among sports injuries. A previous history of this injury is considered a strong predictor of recurrent hamstring strain injury. It has been suggested that fascial tissue alters after muscle strain injury. However, the association between previous hamstring strain injury and tissue stiffness and vibration sense detection has not been investigated. Objectives We aimed to determine whether a previous history of hamstring strain injury affects tissue stiffness and vibration sense in professional soccer players. Method The stiffness (MyotonPRO®) and vibration disappearance threshold (tuning fork) were measured in eight professional soccer players with previous history of hamstring strain and eight uninjured players. The differences between two groups’ means were analyzed. Side-to-side differences between injured and uninjured legs were also analyzed. Results: The tissue stiffness was higher, and the vibration disappearance threshold was lower, in previously injured players when compared to uninjured players. Similar differences were found between injured and uninjured legs. No significant relationship was detected between the age or body mass index (BMI) for both tissue stiffness and vibration disappearance threshold (all P Conclusions Soccer players with a previous history of hamstring strain injury exhibited higher tissue stiffness and lower vibration sensitivity in the injured leg, regardless of the age and BMI. The results that players who have a previous hamstring strain injury with altered tissue stiffness and vibration sense will be useful and feasible evaluation for chronic muscle strain condition.

Summary Introduction The inclusion in sports tends to provide a positive impact on physical and psychological variables. However, sports practice raises exposure to the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, which must be understood in specific modalities in order to provide information related to the inherent risk of injury and evidence to suggest their own preventive strategies. Objectives To verify the epidemiological profile of sports injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Paradesports. Methods This is a descriptive epidemiological study that addressed aspects related to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Paradesports. Two hundred and forty-four participants (228 men and 16 women) were included in the study. Data were obtained using an injury report form, which reported information regarding the anthropometric characteristics, origin of the disability and specific characteristics of the reported injuries. From the collected data, epidemiological measures of prevalence and clinical incidence were verified. Results One hundred and eight participants reported a recent injury in the last 12 months, which represents a prevalence equivalent to 37.5%. The global clinical incidence was 0.44 injuries per athlete. The prevalence and clinical incidence between sexes showed higher values in female (33%, 0.3), when compared to male (19%, 0.18). Regarding the anatomical site, it was found a higher proportion of injuries reported in lower limbs (12.3%), followed by upper limbs (9.4%) and lower incidence in the trunk region (3.5%).

The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) is the articulating joint between the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers. Hyperextension injuries to the PIPJ of the finger are one of the most common injuries of the hand. Volar plate injuries (VPIs) of the PIPJ typically occur as a result of forced hyperextension, sometimes with a degree of axial loading. As such, VPIs are a distinct possibility to consider in all hyperextension finger injuries. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of the different types of VPI encountered will assist in accurate diagnosis, thus ensuring that the treatment provided is optimal. This clinical feature provides an overview on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of “closed” VPIs of the PIPJ.

Turf toe injuries have been increasing in numbers in recent years. Injury to the plantar restraints of the first metatarsophalangeal joint can lead to significant disability in athletes, affecting their push-off and ability to perform on the athletic field. Most turf toe injuries can be treated conservatively with rest, ice, compression, immobilization if needed, and a dedicated rehabilitation program; however, in some injuries, the plantar restraints are torn and the joint becomes unstable. If necessary, turf toe injury and its many variants can be surgically repaired with the expectation that the athlete will be able to return to play.

Chinese herbs have been used as dietary supplements to improve exercise performance. However, evidence-based studies for the use of Chinese herbs in sports remain scarce. Traditional Chinese therapy (TCT), a form of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological intervention, has remained in use for thousands of years in sports medicine. TCT is beneficial for sports injuries and in enhancing skill development, and is becoming increasingly popular among athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and individuals who regularly exercise. The therapeutic effects of TCT have been demonstrated by clinical and experimental studies, but using these modalities still is associate with potentially adverse effects. Further well-designed studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of TCT in sports medicine. This review aims to summarize the application of TCT, discuss the issues surrounding TCT clinical research, and provide suggestions for applying traditional Chinese methods in the field of sports medicine.

Introduction Supercross is characterized by fast and skillful movements, with high concentration being required on an indoor competition circuit, due to the demanding jumps and short distances to the next obstacle. The injuries can turn out to be diverse, including polytraumatization. This paper aims to evaluate the accidents and possible injuries in a single Supercross competition. To what extent is the presence of medical staff required? Methods During the 17th International Supercross Event in Chemnitz, 93 participants started in 5 classes. Severe injuries were treated at the track, through the emergency department and hospital stay to their discharge. Results Overall 5 participants (4.65%) had to be admitted to the clinic: Conclusion Injuries from risky jumps at relatively high speed can range from minor contusions to fractures and serious injuries. The permanent readiness of medical staff and emergency doctors at the site is therefore justified and required. The variety of injuries in a Supercross event can affect the head and face, the upper- and lower extremities, thoracal- and abdominal traumas and especially the spine. In addition, a special training concept in terms of preventive measures to prevent falls would be desirable.

Background Sports Medicine is an upcoming postgraduate speciality in India. A MD Sports Medicine specialist is expected to contribute in the prevention of sports injuries, sportsmen training and enhancement of performance apart from being involved in planning of conduct of sports events amongst many other roles and responsibilities. This requires hands-on training and acquisition of skill sets required to perform these roles. The National Medical Council of India highlights the need for a competency based curriculum and has laid down guidelines for the course. There was a felt need to develop Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and milestones based on the prescribed curricula and develop a portfolio for continuous monitoring of the achievement of these EPAs. Methods A five step model was done by experts in the field to prepare the EPAs, milestones and portfolio. This consisted of faculty development, identification of the EPAs and milestones and portfolio preparation. Results 114 EPAs and 961 milestones were identified by the subject experts. The portfolio was developed with the help of specialists and faculty of the field of sports medicine, and medical educationists. Conclusion Post graduate medical education is mandated to be competency based. A portfolio has been developed in the current exercise for use in a competency based post-graduate curriculum in sports medicine. This will help in the better implementation of CBME in the country.

Purpose: To publish the Spanish translation of Version 12 of the sports injury classification system called Orchard Sports Injury Classification System and propose a modification to include a numerical code that reflects the impact of the injury on sports functionality. Methods: The members of the working group on the epidemiology of sports injury, of the Group for the Study of the Muscle-Tendon System (GESMUTE), and of the Spanish Society of Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), carried out a bibliographical review on the epidemiological classification systems of injuries, 3 face-to-face consensus meetings, and various online pieces of work, following the Delphi work methodology. Results: The Spanish translation of Version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System is fully accessible and free of charge at https://gesmute.es/traduccion-espanola-osics-12/ . The current project proposes to add, at the end of the current coding system of Version 12, a numerical code (0: No Functional impairment; 1: Limits Sports Activity; 2: Prevents Sports Activity; 3: Limits Daily Life Activities), to indicate any functional repercussions caused by the injury. Conclusion: We present the Spanish translation of Version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System. We propose as an improvement the inclusion of functionality criteria in sports injury classifications; more specifically, our proposal could be an improvement to the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 12.

Background Achilles non-insertional tendinopathy is usually treated with conservative means. If resistant to a rehabilitation protocol surgical treatment could be proposed. The aim of this research is to report the mid-term clinical results of endoscopic assisted surgery for patients suffering from recalcitrant painful non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Methods A consecutive series of 11 patients (6 men and 5 women), median age of 54 (range 40–67) years, with chronic recalcitrant painful non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy were included. All patients completed at least 20 physical therapy sessions and 6 months of no sports activities before surgery. All underwent Achilles tendoscopy, without tendon excision or transfer with a median follow-up of 87 (27–105) months. We report the preoperative symptoms duration, treatment before surgery, complications and satisfaction after surgery, return to previous sport level, and postoperative VISA-A score. Results Mean preoperative symptoms duration was 1 year, having all performed at least 20 physical therapy sessions. No postoperative complications were reported, achieving a complete satisfaction in 10 of 11 patients. All patients returned to their preoperative sports level with a median postoperative VISA-A functional score of 100 (30–100) points. Conclusions The mid-term results of Achilles tendoscopy in patients with chronic painful non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy are satisfactory with a rapid rehabilitation. This procedure is safe and has a low complication rate. Level of Evidence: IV. Retrospective case series.

An athlete's hands are susceptible to a variety of acute and cumulative traumas depending on their chosen sport. Depending on the timing of the injury, the immediate requirements of the athlete, and future aspirations, treatment strategies may need individual customization. This article offers a brief review of the anatomy and complex function of the extensor mechanism, discusses the etiologies of various extensor injuries, and outlines the multiple treatment options and expected outcomes.

Increased participation in sports and physical exercise are widely promoted as an approach to a physically active lifestyle which has a positive effect on healthy aging, in patients and athletes of all ages, beginners and experts, including amateur athletes and professional athletes. Unfortunately, this has caused a higher incidence of sports-related injuries. In the sports context, the early and accurate diagnosis of injuries is of the utmost importance in order to enable early treatment to achieve a full recovery. Imaging techniques are increasingly important for the successful diagnosis and management of the patient. The nuclear medicine techniques with bone tracers provide physiological and metabolic information in the early phases of musculoskeletal injuries, which often precede anatomical changes and they reflect changes in bone turnover. This allows early diagnosis, along with evaluation of the activity and phase of the injury. In this article, the applications of nuclear medicine techniques, focusing on bone scintigraphy, alongside the important contribution of hybrid studies (SPECT/CT), in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue sports injuries, will be described. In addition, we explain their usefulness in the expression of the pathophysiology of these lesions and their scintigraphic patterns. The article will also describe biomechanical and physiopathological aspects, injury mechanisms and clinical presentations of bone and joint sports injuries, knowledge of this is essential for the correct diagnostic assessment of imaging studies.

Pediatric knee disorders are various and range from trauma and sports injuries to chronic overuse injuries. Because pediatric patients are different from adults, management of pediatric injuries and general knee disorders is also often different. Primary treatment regimen goals focus on a return to the previous level of function, preservation of anatomy, and decreasing potential long-term effects. Long-term complications may include damage to the physis with resultant potential limb length discrepancy or deformity.

Objective To describe the prevalence, severity, and location of ankle injuries as assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Methods We analyzed all ankle MRIs that were acquired for suspected injury as reported by the National Olympic Committee medical teams and the Organizing Committee medical staff during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Diagnostic imaging was performed through the Olympic Village Polyclinic. Images were interpreted retrospectively according to standardized criteria. Results A total of 11,274 athletes participated in the Games, of which 89 (8.8%) were referred for an ankle MRI. Eighty-eight of the 89 (99%) had at least 1 abnormal finding, and some had as many as 27, for an average of 6.2 abnormalities per examination. Around one-fifth of all abnormal findings were considered pre-existing (21%) and 79% were assumed to be the result of an acute or subacute injury. The highest proportion of acute/subacute injuries per athlete occurred in ball sports (7.0 injuries per examination) and in the age group >30. Most pre-existing findings per athlete were identified in the group of others (no track and field or ball sports athletes) with 2.5 findings per examination and respectively in the age group >30 (1.7). Conclusion Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of acute and subacute, but also pre-existing injuries in Olympic athletes undergoing ankle MRI. Tendon injuries were the most common acute injuries, found mainly in ball sports athletes. Most pre-existing ankle injuries were identified at the ligaments.

Internal impingement of the shoulder (IIS) is a specific disorder of young overhead-throwing athletes that was first described in 1991. The many non-operative and surgical treatments suggested to date have produced mixed outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare the practices of surgeons in France versus other countries regarding the diagnosis and treatment of IIS.Diagnostic and therapeutic practices regarding IIS differ between surgeons in France and in other countries.A 21-item questionnaire in French and English was emailed to the 1300 members of the French Arthroscopy Society and to surgeons from countries other than France. The questionnaire collected information on knowledge about IIS (2 items), the frequency of IIS in clinical practice (2 items), the diagnosis of IIS (6 items), the non-operative and surgical treatment of IIS (3 and 5 items, respectively), and return-to-sports rates after treatment for IIS (3 items).The completed questionnaire was sent back by 261 surgeons, 206 in France and 55 in other countries, including 42 in Japan. Among the respondents, 90% knew about IIS. Experience with IIS in terms of number of patients seen or surgical treatments performed was greater in the international group (45% vs. 19% in France, p0.001). Posterior shoulder pain in the arm cocking position was the most widely recognised symptom (99% in France, 74% internationally, p0.001), followed by excessive external rotation during arm abduction (55% vs. 65%, p=0.23). The most commonly sought lesions were those of the postero-superior labrum and articular surface of the rotator cuff. Rotator cuff debridement was among the surgical options according to most respondents (74% vs. 70%). In contrast, postero-superior glenoidplasty was cited almost only by surgeons in France (67% vs. 4%, p0.001). The proportion of patients who are able to return to sports was estimated at 50% to 75% by most respondents.Most respondents had theoretical knowledge about IIS, but surgery was rarely performed in France. Only very few athletes in France play baseball, which is responsible for most sports injuries of the shoulder seen in Japan. This fact, combined with differences in the lesions or even the diagnoses, may have contributed to the differences in the responses to the survey items between the French and international groups.

Objective Despite mandatory helmets and face masks, professional and amateur goaltenders continue to be at risk for eye and facial injuries. Better understanding of the mechanism of injury would help in optimizing goaltender equipment. The goal of this study was to identify eye and orbital injuries to goaltenders in the National Hockey League (NHL) over the past 5 seasons. Design Retrospective case series. Participants All NHL goaltenders from the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 regular seasons. Methods Web-based sports injury web sites were searched to identify eye and facial injuries among goaltenders between the 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 NHL seasons. Results Five in-game eye, orbital, or facial injuries to NHL goaltenders were retrieved, resulting in an incidence of 4.07 per 10 000 athlete exposures. A total of 5 games were missed due to these injuries, resulting in a lost financial value of $335 937. All goaltenders in the NHL during the study period wore noncertified goaltender masks, and the mechanism of injury was the same in all cases, involving the blade of a player's stick accidentally passing through the gaps in the goaltender's facemask. All included players left the game in which they were injured, and the mean number of games missed was 1 (range 0–2). Conclusions Despite mandatory facial protection, the use of noncertified masks is inadequate to prevent all facial and eye injuries. Serious consideration should be made to adapt new legislation in professional hockey.

Purpose to review the role of the radiologist in reporting pre-signing medical imaging prior to athlete transfer between clubs. Method When a professional athlete transfers from one club to another they may undergo a transfer or “pre-signing” medical examination, of which imaging forms a major component. The purpose of imaging is to enable the overseeing sports physician to make a risk assessment on the athlete that may influence decisions such as the duration of contract offered. Imaging studies have to be performed and reported often within limited time constraints, usually by MSK radiologists specialised in sports imaging. This article describes the role of the sports radiologist in reporting pre-signing medical imaging studies, and discusses some of the common pathology identified, as well as some of the ethical and medicolegal issues encountered. Results Not applicable. This is a review article. Conclusion the sports radiologists report of the pre-signing medical is an important component of the decision making process to sign an athlete, and is closely linked to the physical examination.

Wushu is an outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and one of the most extensive mass sports in China. As a traditional sports event in China, martial arts are undergoing rapid changes. However, martial arts are a systemic sport with high requirements for speed, explosiveness and coordination. In recent years, with the rapid development of martial arts, competitive competitions have become increasingly fierce. It is easy for athletes to suffer physical damage during the practice of difficult movements. This not only affects the normal exercise and physical health of martial arts enthusiasts, but also affects the improvement of sports level and teaching quality. Therefore, it studies the common parts of martial arts sports injuries. Distribution, looking for its causes, proposing preventive measures, rapid development of image processing technology, digital image has become an indispensable part of multimedia information technology. Digital image is an important carrier for people to obtain information and communicate. Under this background, the research of image quality evaluation has become a hot spot in the field of image processing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the anatomical characteristics of knee joints of martial arts athletes, the mechanics of injury, the pathophysiological changes after injury, and establish a mathematical model by computer algorithm to accurately perceive the image quality of martial arts sports damage, and finally achieve the use of computer instead of human vision. The system goes to view and recognize images. In this paper, the application value of quantitative CT parameters of martial arts exercise in the evaluation of martial arts injury joints is based on image quality, in order to provide valuable reference for the treatment of martial arts injury selection and prognosis evaluation.

Objectives Sport-related concussions are common in adolescent contact sports. Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction has been reported in athletes post-concussion. There is a lack of research on vestibulo-ocular function in sporting adolescents, and the influence of previous concussions on the vestibular system in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate vestibulo-ocular function in a cohort of adolescent rugby players with and without a history of concussion during pre-season assessment. Design Cross-sectional cohort. Methods 213 male adolescent (13–18 years old) rugby players were recruited from six schools in Queensland, Australia. Vestibulo-ocular assessments were conducted during the preseason and included clinical assessment of oculomotor function and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) using the clinical and video-Head Impulse Test (HIT). Players were allocated into two groups: no history of concussion in the last 12 months (n = 165); and concussion in the last 12 months (n = 48). Results There were no between group differences in vestibulo-ocular function for players with and without a history of concussion (p = 0.65). However, vestibulo-ocular dysfunction was reported in 69 (32.7%) of the players tested, who had either abnormal oculomotor control or VOR function. Conclusions The high prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in adolescent rugby players suggests that positive clinical findings post-concussion need to be interpreted carefully in the absence of baseline or pre-concussion assessments.

The pattern and mechanism of sports injuries in disabled athletes and the challenges to overcome such injuries is well documented. However, there is limited information regarding the specifics of medical imaging of the injured disabled athletes. This article, reflects on the experience gained during the organisation and provision of the imaging services for the London 2012 Paralympic games. The knowledge gained during these games, in conjunction with information from the existing literature on sporting injuries in disabled athletes can help planning and delivery of well-coordinated imaging services at major disability sporting events.

Summary Objective To measure sports injuries prevalence, types and mechanisms, considering grappling and impact modalities. Equipment and methods An observational, descriptive epidemiology study was conducted involving 125 recreational practitioners. Subjects were inquired regarding the type of martial arts and combat sports (MACS), age, practice time and weekly training volume. Results From all, 53.6% athletes suffered injury in the last 12 months. The most common were tendon injuries (39%) and sprains (39%), followed by dislocation/subluxation (23%). In grappling MACS, as Judo, joints injuries were the most frequent, especially the knees and shoulders. For striking modalities, such as Karate, muscle injuries were more frequent and the most common sites were feet and toes, followed by hands and fingers. The lower limbs were the most affected site (χ2 = 67.8, P Conclusion There was a high percentage of injury in lower limbs for both modality groups, and the higher frequency of injuries in the upper limbs were the shoulders, hands and fingers, while for lower limbs were the feet and toes, ankles and knees. Injury occurred mainly during technical training and, in most cases, without protective equipment.

There are numerous complications that can occur following a musculoskeletal injury or surgery in the sporting population. Prevention of the most frequent complications is the key in any successful rehabilitation program, but occasionally problems do occur. A thorough well-designed postoperative or postinjury rehabilitation program may prevent these problems. However, if complications do arise, a team approach among the parties involved in the process to develop an evidenced-based treatment program designed for the underlying complication can successfully treat these issues. The authors discuss the complications seen in sports injuries to the knee, shoulder, elbow, and foot/ankle joints of the body.

IOC In October 2017, the International Olympic Committee hosted an international expert group of physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons who specialise in treating and researching paediatric ACL injuries. Representatives from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society, European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery & Arthroscopy, International Society of Arthroscopy Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Artroscopia, Rodilla y Deporte attended. Physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons with clinical and research experience in the field, and an ethics expert with substantial experience in the area of sports injuries also participated. Injury management is challenging in the current landscape of clinical uncertainty and limited scientific knowledge. Injury management decisions also occur against the backdrop of the complexity of shared decision-making with children and the potential long-term ramifications of the injury. This consensus statement addresses six fundamental clinical questions regarding the prevention, diagnosis and management of paediatric ACL injuries. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-informed summary to support the clinician, and help children with ACL injury and their parents/ guardians make the best possible decisions. Linkoping Univ, Div Physiotherapy, Linkoping, Sweden La Trobe Univ, Sch Allied Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Orthopaed Surg, Oslo, Norway Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, OSTRC, Oslo, Norway Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, Oslo, Norway Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Dept Sports Med, Oslo, Norway Tennessee Orthopaed Alliance, Nashville, TN USA Hop Femme Mere Enfant, Dept Pediat Orthopaed Surg, Lyon, France Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Orthoped Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil Karolinska Inst, Stockholm Sports Trauma Res Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Orthopaed, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Epworth Healthcare, OrthoSport Victoria Res Unit, Melbourne, Vic, Australia La Trobe Univ, Coll Sci Hlth & Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Gothenburg, Dept Orthopaed, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Sports Med, Boston, MA USA Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Vail, CO USA Steadman Clin, Vail, CO USA Swansea Univ, Coll Engn, Swansea, W Glam, Wales Santa Monica Orthopaed & Sports Med Grp, Los Angeles, CA USA Micheli Ctr Sports Injury Prevent, Waltham, MA USA Univ Calgary, Sports Med Ctr, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Chicago, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA North Sydney Orthopaed & Sports Med Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia Ctr Hosp Luxembourg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Sports Med Res Lab, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Ruprecht Karls Univ Heidelberg, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Heidelberg, Germany ATOS Klin, HKF Int Ctr Hip Knee Foot Surg & Sports Traumat, Heidelberg, Germany FIFA Med Ctr Excellence Veloc Phys Therapy, Los Angeles, CA USA Int Olymp Comm, Med & Sci Dept, Lausanne, Switzerland Univ Calgary, Fac Kinesiol, Sport Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Ghent, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci & Physiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Orthoped Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil Web of Science

Highlights • Most injuries in school occur during sport. Avulsion fractures of the tibial tubercle are uncommon school sports injuries. • X-ray is the key to diagnosis. Then CT scan is needed to evaluate the fracture extension to the articular joint. • Many cases are misdiagnosed and progress to recurvatum deformity especially in open physis individuals after neglected tibial tuberosity fractures. • These injuries cause significant disruption to school and sport, but fortunately, complications are rare and functional recovery is usually complete., Introduction Most injuries in adolescent occur during school sports like volleyball, football or basketball. Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (TTAF) are an unusual condition, resulting from a forced extension of the knee opposed to fixed leg. Presentation of the case A 16 years old male was hurt during school basketball, X-rays displayed avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity of left knee, the treatment was operative using two cancellous screws, results were good including complete knee mobility and early coming back to school sport at 6 months. Discussion TTAF remains rare accounting for

In teamwork, injuries occur from time to time. The athlete's body is very important, so the rich experience of teamwork can reduce the injury to the athlete, which is a very important aspect of preventing the risk and mitigating the risk. There are several ways to reduce the risk factors of injury. One is to use positioning method, scientists have developed a 2.4 GHz frequency wireless receiving sensor system, referred to as WSN. This system can effectively monitor indoor and outdoor environment and identify and analyze buried active RF in advance. After several frequency tests, more effective performance is obtained, and the transmission power and signal intensity system are developed. It can generate high-frequency amplitudes, and the transmitted data can create independent labels to receive. However, the difficulty in understanding the subtle differences between different statistical methods and making conclusions that lead to erroneous assumptions has been produced from the data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain the outline to determine the method used to determine the risk of damage, to predict the movement of injuries while developing the model and the existing evidence to highlight the difference between the association and the prediction associated with damaging it. Sports injuries risk factors research aimed to study the example of the method is evaluated using chopped strains. Injuries resulting from the complex interaction of several risk factors. Develop and adapt and, mental, emotional, social events. Therefore covers education system and the necessary physical activities organized by physical education. In order to create a rough picture of the whole creation and technique. The soap places to students who have used a solvent, is embedded in the grease.

Objectives Pediatric maxillofacial fractures are less common as compared to adults, however, they may lead to serious complications. Methods The study aimed to retrospectively correlate demographic data, facial fractures characteristics, and patterns among pediatric patients who were managed at 3 of the governmental Egyptian Hospitals from 2008 to 2016, and discussing the treatment protocols. The study included 104 patients presented with maxillofacial traumas. Those with dentoalveolar and/or dental injuries were excluded. All the patients were treated by conservative approaches, except those in whom surgical interventions were mandatory. Results The mean age of 104 patients was 10.94 ± 3.92 years. The female/male ratio was 1:1.4. Females’ fractures were mainly due to falls (17.31%). Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause in males, followed by sports injuries (17.31.8%), then assault (10.58%). The most prevalent site of fractures was the mandible (67.31%) in particular condylar fractures. All the fractures were healed successfully, but restricted mouth openings were the most common sequela. Conclusion The RTAs were the main cause. Males and condylar fractures have the highest predominance. The conservative treatment is still the treatment of choice in pediatric fractures. Pediatric fractures must be followed longitudinally to avoid post-traumatic sequelae.

Rehabilitation for return to training is an interdisciplinary, specific and individualised process that is geared towards the sportsman's optimal availability for competition after a sports injury. This process begins after medical discharge and continues up to the return to play, involving the different professionals in the field of healthcare and led by the sports physician. Planning consists of three phases, defined by muscular action (isometric, concentric and eccentric); kinetic chain (closed or open); range of movement (internal, medial, external and total); and exercise orientation (general, directed and specific). Return to play must be agreed upon on the basis of objective information on the recovery stage of the injury, the state of fitness, and the sportsman's own perception.

Objectives Several attempts to reduce the incidence of sport injuries using psychosocial interventions produced fruitful, although inconclusive results. This paper presents the effectiveness and implementation issues of a pilot 3-month stress-management and muscle relaxation program aimed at reducing sport injury incidence. Design Pre-post treatment-non treatment group comparison. Program administration The program was administered by a trained psychologist on a once-a-week, 1-h session basis. Participants Seventy-four male soccer players from four National Youth league teams voluntarily participated. Teams were randomly assigned to either treatment/non-treatment group. Measures Injury protocol, Self-monitoring cards, Athletes' satisfaction and commitment survey, Coaches' interview. Results Group main effect and Time-Group interaction effect were both statistically significant, F(1,60) = 8.30, p = 0.005, η2p = 0.121, with the average number of injuries larger in the post-treatment phase of non-treatment group (p = 0.005, η2p = 0.077). There was a significant decrease in the average number of injuries for the intervention group before and after implementing the program (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.309). Conclusions A controlled implementation of a psychosocial program was effective in reducing youth soccer sport injuries, with a high level of satisfaction and commitment from the athletes, as well as high acceptance from the coaches, This research was supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant PSI2011-27000) and by the Murcia (Spain) Regional Football Association's Proyecto Fútbol, (grant FFRM-UMU-04 0092 321B 6450214704)

Tissue engineering (TE) has been revolutionising the concepts and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of different sports injuries. To overcome the drawbacks of the current treatments, TE-based strategies provided new possibilities, either in the treatment of defects, which were previously considered unrecoverable, but also in what concerns to the decrease of recovery time. Supported in three mainstream concepts, TE uses the combination of scaffolds, cells and biological factors to pursue a better functional regenerative process. Aware of the limitations of today's treatments, the scientific and medical communities have made great effort to apply, in the safest and most efficient manner, the panoply of new TE tools. However, it is important to understand that there is still a long way to go until these new approaches turn out to be the 'gold standard' treatment in the clinics. This review aims to overview the current concepts of TE applications in orthopaedic sports medicine under preclinical and clinical research applied to growth factors, scaffolds and stem cells., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Summary In October 2017, the International Olympic Committee hosted an international expert group of physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons who specialise in treating and researching paediatric ACL injuries. Representatives from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society, European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery & Arthroscopy, International Society of Arthroscopy Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Artroscopia, Rodilla y Deporte attended. Physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons with clinical and research experience in the field, and an ethics expert with substantial experience in the area of sports injuries also participated. Injury management is challenging in the current landscape of clinical uncertainty and limited scientific knowledge. Injury management decisions also occur against the backdrop of the complexity of shared decision-making with children and the potential long-term ramifications of the injury. This consensus statement addresses six fundamental clinical questions regarding the prevention, diagnosis and management of paediatric ACL injuries. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-informed summary to support the clinician, and help children with ACL injury and their parents/guardians make the best possible decisions.

Sports injury prediction is one of the most important parts of the challenge of prevention and harm challenging in motion. Sports injury contemplated wherein a simplified view of the phenomenon to study the reduction unit's cause. A linear analysis is viewed as the unidirectional manner a substantial portion of, and causality. This reduction method depends on the correlation and regression analysis. Despite the extensive efforts to predict sports injuries, the existing method is the inability to identify the predictors that were and have been limited. The risk of the very important element for sports players' injury when developing prevention and risk mitigation strategies for work-related accidents. Some signs can be used in many ways to identify risk factors for injury. However, it can be made from the data and lead to incorrect inferences and difficulty understanding the nuances of different statistical methods. The proposed Neural Network (NN) and the embedded system classify the sports player's injury prediction to solve the problem. The proposed Neural Network (NN) and the embedded system have attracted a simple calculation and interpretation of the reliable results for sports injury prediction. The simulation results show the high performance compared to other existing methods.

To study the joint, in order to reduce the global approach is to provide an overview of the risk to injury the badminton. Leg and back injuries were mainly due to lack of strength or mobility while the hand and shoulder area were injured due to incorrect technique. This aspect contributes to the prevention of lower limb injury programs that should be addressed. Fatigue affects the way these tendons are less powerful and more unstable the way punching is done abruptly in the water, as well as jumps. Increased physical strength program to prevent training injuries. Badminton evaluation is the process of evaluating the performance of most players to improve their training skills and identify their strengths and weaknesses for them. Some traditional assessment methods were deficient in human resources, professional knowledge and objective methods. In addition, quality parameters and rating models for evaluating feather ball use are still under research. In this research, the main purpose of the Internet of Things is to design and create a new and effective system for badminton evaluation. The next generation cheating game training things architecture website is proposed. To confirm its effectiveness, a motion sensor meme-based Wireless Sensor Device (WSD) (Micro Electro Mechanical System) is used to identify the technical status of different badminton players and badminton strokes. Includes custom sensor nodes for system data collection, mobile applications, and processing units for cloud-based data.

Injury frequently occurs in a team sport, important for athletes and their sports organizations, financial, physical, and psychological. Therefore, extensive studies, the risk of very important element damage when developing prevention and risk mitigation strategies of work-related accidents, trying to find. Many ways can be used to identify risk factors for injury. However, it made from data, it is difficult can lead to the erroneous inference, and decision making will understand the subtle differences between the different statistical methods. Such data conversion, as the verification and performance evaluation method of the model, the risk of injury, there are other important considerations at the time of modeling. Because of these technical considerations, researchers and practitioners, from the point of view to recover the army's cause, which is an active injury, should consider the complex. Simultaneously, research and implementation of the recovery method notify the complex methods to determine the risk of injury and need to be implemented. However, the ability to capture a large injury number is the current limit of sports injuries research. It is possible to verify to replicate the analysis and results. It emerged to provide researchers with data call to have. Such a concerted effort is, from making the wrong inference, to prevent incorrect data, will help to support the development of interventions supported by sound scientific evidence. These efforts risk injury, improve and thus risk reduction, and ultimately improve the ability to determine one step to help the right direction prevent injury.

A common method for the treatment of sports injuries for a long time to provide localized cooling in ice or snow is fomentation. This system will support a feature extraction cloud computing platform application of localized cooling which is applied to the shape of ice snow for treatment of sports injuries. It is a common method of treatment of sports injuries. Athletes usually utilizes the application of therapeutic hypothermia to return to athletic activities.. Two review authors have independently assessed the relevance and impact calculations involved in the trial, and the cloud worker permits the highlights removed legitimately from the scrambled picture. Awareness of disability sport, in particular para snowboard, may not be common or easily available, so it is important that these potential athletes know that the sport exists and where they can try the sport for the first time Some examination and test results show that, for protection trademark picture extraction, proposed technique is successful, safe, and it might be applied to the cloud picture secure figuring applications.

Recipes to show injuries and mistakes during the game show us some of the offshoots. In general, need to find the appropriate aids to play football and football injuries without injury and prepare ourselves to face the balls; doing so can avoid major accidents that occur during the game. The proposed system present the adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm and real-time positioning ball moment based prediction of sports. Their goal is for every game to express its performance efficiently and win. But it is important to play the game securely without injury because, in case of injury, will explain through the recipe tutorial how they can play games without injury from the chart for it. That recipe tutorial is implemented here based on the learning method. These are used to detect used easily and their actions. With these, you can easily predict the performance of each player. Learning through this is because can learn about injuries during sports and how to do first aid.

Autologous bone is the gold standard graft choice in the management of a range of orthopaedic and sports medicine pathologies. It has osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic properties making it an excellent graft choice to both enhance biological healing and stabilize surrounding bony anatomy. Despite numerous attempts to synthetically manufacture bone graft substitutes with enhanced properties, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard. Bone grafts can be divided into 3 types: autologous, allograft, and bone substitutes. In the treatment of sports injuries, the applications are diverse and include the management of fracture nonunions to address glenoid bone loss in the setting of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to fill voids left following opening wedge osteotomies. The 4 main forms of autologous bone grafts are cancellous, cortical, corticocancellous, and vascularized grafts, and in some instances surgeons may combine grafts as a composite graft. Key advantages of autologous bone graft are that it is inexpensive, readily available and easily accessible. Donor site morbidity and restriction on the total volume which can be harvested are the principal limitations. In this review, we outline the 4 principal forms of autologous bone graft preparations (cortical, cancellous, corticocancellous, and vascularized) and describe the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each. We summarize the current literature on clinical outcomes evaluating autologous bone graft for sports medicine applications.

To determine which variables predict prolonged (28 days) duration of symptoms after a concussion.We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult (18yo) patients cared for in a specialty concussion clinic.Symptoms were assessed using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) developed at the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sports. Possible predictors including age, sex, loss of consciousness, amnesia, history of prior concussion, prior treatment for headaches, history of migraines, and family history of concussions, were measured by self-report. We recorded a PCSS score at each clinical visit and defined time to symptom resolution as the number of days between the date of injury and date of last symptoms.Of 64 adult patients included in the study, 53.3% were male; 20.3% reported experiencing a loss of consciousness at the time of injury while 23.4% reported amnesia. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 27 years (mean 21±2 years). Most concussions (92.2%) occurred during sports. The mean initial PCSS score for those suffering symptoms for longer than 28 days was significantly higher than those who symptoms resolved within 28 days (42.5 vs. 19.2, p0.01). Of all potential predictor variables, only the initial PCSS score was independently associated with the odds of symptoms lasting longer than 28 days (aOR 1.037; 95% CI 1.011, 1.063).Among adult patients with concussions, those with a higher symptom burden after injury have an increased odds of suffering from prolonged symptoms. Other potential predictor variables are not associated with the risk of prolonged recovery.

The use of biologic treatment strategies in the nonoperative and operative care of orthopaedic and sports injuries continues to expand in parallel with our understanding of the healing response after injuries. This is in large part because of the growing number of basic, translational, and clinical studies investigating the use of biologic augmentation in musculoskeletal care. Platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, and cell-based and gene-based treatments are among the most commonly explored options, and they have found varying levels of success in promoting soft tissue and osseous healing. Preclinical studies have illustrated the potential for broad application of biologic treatment strategies in orthopaedics. However, many important questions remain regarding delivery, efficacy, and safety of biologic treatments. Additional well-designed basic and clinical studies are of paramount importance to create evidence-based guidelines for the implementation of biologic treatments in orthopaedics.

Turf toe is a common injury in a variety of different athletes, especially those involved in contact sports played on rigid surfaces. It is caused by a hyperextension injury to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint resulting in attenuation or tearing of the plantar capsular ligamentous complex. Treatment generally consists of nonoperative measures such as rest, ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, taping, a stiff-sole shoe, walking boot, or casting. There has been a recent increase in the use of biologics, such as platelet-rich plasma and autologous conditioned plasma for the treatment of a variety of orthopaedic conditions. This study reports on 2 cases of turf toe treated with a combination of Toradol and autologous conditioned plasma. These case presentations are followed by a literature review on the use of biologics in the treatment of sports injuries.

Resume Chez les sportifs, les lesions du nerf musculo-cutane sont peu frequentes mais regulierement meconnues. Elles s’observent avant tout a la suite d’exercices de musculation necessitant des flexions du coude contre resistance et la pratique de certains sports tels que l’halterophilie, l’aviron et le football americain. Le diagnostic clinique ne presente pas de difficultes a condition de penser a cette pathologie neurologique. L’etude electrophysiologique affirme la lesion. Le traitement doit etre adapte a l’etiologie et a la symptomatologie.

Kinesio taping (KT) is widely used in the treatment of sports injuries and various neuro-musculoskeletal disorders. However, it is considered as selectively effective on targeted tissues and its mechanical effects have not been quantified objectively. Ascribed to continuity of muscular and connective tissues, mechanical loading imposed can have widespread heterogeneous effects. The aim was to characterize the mechanical effects of KT objectively and to test the hypotheses that KT causes acutely, local deformations not necessarily (I) in agreement with tape adhering direction and (II) limited to the directly targeted tissues. High-resolution 3D magnetic resonance image sets were acquired in healthy human subjects (n=5) prior to and acutely after KT application over the skin along m. tibialis anterior (TA). Hip, knee and ankle angles were kept constant. Demons image registration algorithm was used to calculate local tissue deformations within the lower leg, in vivo. Mean peak tissue strains were significantly higher than strain artifacts. Only KT-to-TA region in part shows local deformations in agreement with tape adhering direction whereas, superficial skin, the rest of KT-to-TA and TA regions show deformations (up to 51.5% length change) in other directions. Non-targeted tissues also show sizable heterogeneous deformations, but in smaller amplitudes. Inter-subject variability is notable. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses allow for a detailed assessment of local tissue deformation occurring acutely after KT application. The findings confirm our hypotheses and characterize how KT affects the underlying tissues, both immediately targeted and distant. This allows revealing mechanisms that can affect clinical outcomes of KT objectively.

We report 2 cases of obturator internus muscle strains. The injuries occurred in young male athletes involved in kicking sports. Case 1 details an acute obturator internus muscle strain with associated adductor longus strain. Case 2 details an overuse injury of the bilateral obturator internus muscles. In each case, magnetic resonance imaging played a crucial role in accurate diagnosis.