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Stability of foods during processing and storage can be determined from their phase and state diagrams. In this study, state diagram of broccoli was developed considering freezing curve, glass line, maximal-freeze-concentration conditions, solids-melting and BET-monolayer line. The freezing point, glass transition and solids-melting were measured and modeled by Chen’s model, Gordon-Taylor model, and Flory-Huggins model, respectively. The ultimate maximal-freeze-concentration conditions ( T m ′) u (i.e. end temperature of freezing) and ( T g ′′′) u [i.e. end glass transition at ( T m ′) u ] were found as −30.0 °C and −32.2 °C, respectively, and solids content (i.e. X s ′) at this point was 0.70 g/g sample. The solids-water interaction (χ) during melting was estimated as 0.69 (dimensionless) from Flory-Huggins model, and BET-monolayer was observed as 0.089 g/g dry-solids at 20 °C.

Polyphenol contents in date-pits varied from 21–62 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g date-pits when acetone–water, ethanol–water, methanol–water and water alone were used as solvents for extraction at temperatures 22, 45, and 60 °C. The BET and GAB monolayer values of date-pits were estimated as 4.3 and 4.1 g/100 g dry-solids. The DSC thermogram of freeze-dried date-pits showed an endothermic peak due to the melting of oil, and a second endothermic peak for solids-melting (i.e. non-fat). The first shift indicated the glass transition (i.e. T g ) while the second exothermic shift after solids-melting indicated the interactions of the components in melted solids. The melting peak temperature was decreased due to the plasticization of solids with water and the melting enthalpy was increased with the increasing water content due to the formation of more order in the amorphous, semi-crystallites and crystallites parts. The Flory–Huggins modelling of peak temperature estimated the water–solids interaction parameter as 0.0068. The melting peak temperature increased exponentially with increasing heating rate and the data was fitted with Mehl–Johnson–Avrami and Kissinger models. Annealing close to the onset of melting indicated that melting peak temperature increased exponentially with increasing annealing time, while melting enthalpy decreased with the increasing annealing time.