Search

Excitation functions of the natPd(p,2pxn)102m,g;101m,g;99m,gRh reactions and the cross section ratios for the isomeric pairs 102m,gRh, 101m,gRh and 99m,gRh have been measured up to 42.61 MeV. The experiments were carried out using a stacked-foil activation technique. The proton beam intensity was determined based on the natCu(p,xn)62Zn and natCu(p,xn)65Zn monitoring reactions. The activities of the irradiated palladium and cooper monitor foils were measured using a HPGe γ-ray detector. The present experimental cross sections are compared with reference data and with the theoretical predictions from TENDL-2015 libraries. The cross sections for the nuclear reactions natPd(p,2pxn)102m,gRh were measured in the energy range of 20–40 MeV and the cross section ratios for all three isomeric pairs 102m,gRh, 101m,gRh and 99m,gRh produced in the natPd(p,2pxn) reactions are the first measurements.

Activation of thin electrodeposited natural Os targets was investigated in a stacked foil irradiation with a 50 MeV deuteron beam. Assessments of the produced radionuclides by high resolution gamma spectroscopy yielded excitation functions for production of 184,185,186m1,g,187m1+g,188m1+g,189m2+m1+g,190m2,190m2,m1+g,192m1+g Ir and 185 Os. Reduced uncertainty on cross sections is obtained by simultaneous remeasurement of the 27 Al(d,x) 24 Na monitor reaction over the whole energy range. Thick target yield for deuteron induced production route of 192m1+g Ir and comparison with the nat Ir(n,γ) route are reviewed. A comparison with updated theoretical codes (ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and the TENDL2011 on-line library) is discussed.

In order to improve the quality of deuteron-induced activation data required for the safety design of the IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility), we have measured (1) the activation cross-section of natLi(d,x)7Be in the deuteron-energy range from 7 to 39 MeV and (2) the production rates of radioactive nuclides in thick targets for natLi(d,x)7Be, natC(d,x)7Be, and 27Al(d,x)7Be, 22Na, 24Na reactions at 40 MeV using the AVF cyclotron of Tohoku University. We have also estimated the production rates of these nuclides in the thick targets below 40 MeV using the cross-sections obtained in this study. The present data compared favorably with other experimental data, IAEA-recommended data, and the data obtained using the recent nuclear reaction code TALYS and the activation code IRACM, which is based on the ALICE-F code. Some calculation results showed marked disagreement with the experimental data.

Production cross-sections of (103)Ag obtained by irradiating (nat)Pd and (nat)Cd with 70 MeV protons are presented and compared with ALICE-IPPE model calculations. Production of (103)Ag is of interest for the generation of (103)Pd widely used in brachytherapy. The investigated energy range of the (103)Rh(d,2n)(103)Pd reaction was extended up to 40 MeV and the results were compared with the curves of ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE-II and GNASH theoretical codes. Thick target yields were calculated. An overview and analysis of the most important charged particle induced production routes of (103)Pd is presented. An explanation of the apparent discrepancy in the activity measurements for (103)Rh based on X- or gamma-ray is given.

The present paper presents the measurement of neutron induced activations on concrete using the 64.5 MeV quasimonoenergetic neutrons produced at the intense 7 Li(p, n) neutron source at Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku Univeristy (CYRIC). The data were corrected for the effect of continuous neutrons in the source. The neutron energy, neutron yields and the spectrum of continuous neutrons were confirmed with the neutron time-of-flight method and the neutron activation measurement of the 209 Bi(n, Xn) reactions having various threshold energy values. The nuclides produced by thermalized source neutrons are negligible. New data were obtained for concrete activation.

We measured the excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186Re radioisotopes from proton bombardment of natural tungsten by using a stacked-foil activation technique in the energy range from threshold energy to 40 MeV at the MC50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science. The results were compared with the earlier reported experimental data and the model calculations using codes TALYS and ALICE-IPPE. The present values are in good agreement with some of the previously reported literature. The integral yields for thick targets were also deduced from the measured excitation functions of the produced radioisotopes. The deduced yield values were compared with the available directly measured thick target yield, and found acceptable agreement. The investigated radioisotope 186Re has remarkable applications in the field of nuclear medicine, whereas the data of 183,184gRe have potential applications in thin layer activation analysis.

Excitation functions of the natMo(p,xn)93m,93m+g,94mTc, natMo(p,pxn)90Mo and natMo(p,αxn)89g,89m,97Nb reactions were measured using the stacked foil activation technique up to 70 MeV. These data have been measured for the first time. The measured results were compared with the ALICE-IPPE precompound-hybrid model calculations. The calculations are in partial agreement with the measured values. Maximum production of 94mTc was found in the energy range 10–37 MeV, wherein the radionuclidic impurities for 93mTc and 93gTc are about 17% and 30%, respectively.

Excitation functions for the natZr(p,xn)90,92m,95g,96Nb, natZr(p,pxn)88,89Zr, and natZr(p,αxn)86,87m,87mg,88Y reactions were measured by using a stacked-foil activation technique in combination with HPGe γ-ray spectroscopy using the MC50 cyclotron at the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea. In this way the proton beam energy range 4–40 MeV was covered. We report new data for these processes. The data were compared with the results of precompound-hybrid model calculations, whereby only a partial agreement was obtained.

Cross-sections for the residual radionuclide productions by proton-induced activation on natural molybdenum were measured up to 40 MeV by using a stacked-foil technique at the MC50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). This work has given a new data set for the formation of the investigated radionuclides. The present results for most of the radionuclides showed in general good agreement with the earlier reported data as well as the theoretical data taken from the calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code. The integral yields for thick targets were also deduced from the measured cross-sections of the produced radionuclides. The optimum production of the 99m Tc radionuclide with minimum impurities can be obtained at the energy ranges from 10 to 23 MeV, where the production yields were obtained as 597.15 MBqμA −1 h −1 at saturation. The measured cross-sections are used for production of medically important radionuclides such as 99m Tc, 94m Tc and 93m,g Tc by using the medium-energy cyclotrons.

We have measured the production cross-sections of the residual radionuclides for proton-induced reactions on natural tin by using a stacked-foil activation technique in the energy range from threshold energy to 40 MeV at the MC-50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. The results were compared with the earlier reported experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the TALYS and the ALICE-IPPE codes. The present results are in general good agreement with the available literature data and calculated results by using the computer codes TALYS and ALICE-IPPE. The thick target integral yields were also deduced from the measured excitation functions of the produced radionuclides.

Using the stacked-foil activation technique, cross-sections of proton induced reactions on natural Sn were determined up to 67 MeV. Excitation functions are reported for the first time for the product nuclides 109 In, 110 In, 111 In, 114m In, 113 Sn, 117m Sn, 115 Sb, 120m Sb. Comparison with low energy published data for reactions leading to 116m Sb, 117 Sb, 118m Sb, 122 Sb, 124 Sb are discussed. For all excitation functions a theoretical calculation using the ALICE-IPPE code was performed. Relevance to the production of medically relevant radioisotopes ( 111 In, 114m In, 117m Sn) is discussed.

Excitation functions of the reactions natIr(d, xn)188,189,191,193mPt and natIr(d, x)189,190g,192g,194g,194m2Ir were measured up to 40 MeV using the stacked foil technique. No earlier cross sections were found in the literature. The measured experimental data were analyzed and compared to theoretical calculations based on the model code ALICE-IPPE. Use of the experimental cross sections for practical applications is also discussed.

A systematic study on the activation cross-sections for deuteron induced reactions on platinum was carried out. In the present work the energy range covered was extended up to 40 MeV [F. Tarkanyi, S. Takacs, F. DitrOi, A. Hermanne, Yu.N. Shubin, A.I. Dityuk, Nucl, Instr. and Meth. B 226 (2004) 490] for the n a t Pt(d,x) 1 9 1 , 1 9 2 , 1 9 3 , 1 9 4 , 1 9 5 , 1 9 6 m , 1 9 6 , 1 9 8 , 1 9 9 Au, n a t Pt(d,x) 1 9 1 , 1 9 5 m , 1 9 7 Pt and n a t Pt(d,x) 1 9 2 Ir reactions by using the stacked foil irradiation technique. Calculations of the excitation functions were performed by the ALICE-IPPE code and compared with the experimental results. The possible application of the experimental data is discussed.

Excitation functions of the reactions natIr(p, xn)188,189,191Pt, natIr(p, x)185,186g,188,189,190g,192gIr and natIr(p, x)185Os were measured up to 70 MeV. The measured experimental data were compared with previously published results and analyzed using theoretical calculations based on the model code ALICE-IPPE. The new measured data show significant deviations from the earlier experimental results. Applications are also discussed.

Proton-induced activation cross-sections were measured for the 89 Y(p,x) 89,88,86 Zr, 89 Y(p,x) 88,87,87m,86 Y, 89 Y(p,x) 85,83,82 Sr and 89 Y(p,x) 84,83 Rb reactions by a stacked foil technique in the energy range 15–80 MeV which was covered by two separate measurements for 15–50 and 32–80 MeV energy range with 50 and 80 MeV incident protons. The differences between the results of two irradiations were found within 6% in the overlapping energy regions. The production yields for the long-lived products like 88 Zr, and 88 Y are significantly larger than that of nat Mo+p, nat Nb+p and nat Zr+p processes. The productions of the medical isotopes, 85 Sr and 83 Sr are also effective by Y+p process using an 80 MeV beam. Thick target integral yields were also deduced using the measured cross-sections. The 87 Y, 88 Y, 88 Zr and 89 Zr radionuclides have suitable yields and decay characteristics important for thin-layer activation (TLA) analysis.

In order to improve the nuclear data required in the safety design of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), we have measured the neutron emission spectra and the activation cross-sections of the IFMIF accelerator structural elements, C and Al, for 40 MeV deuterons using the Tohoku University AVF cyclotron. Neutron spectra from thick C and Al targets were measured with the time-of-flight method at ten laboratory angles between 0- and 110-deg. using a beam swinger system and a well collimated neutron flight channel. The data were obtained over almost entire energy range of secondary neutrons using a two-detector method. Activation cross-sections were measured by detecting the γ-rays from C and Al targets with a high-pure Ge detector. The stacked target technique was used to obtain the data from 40 MeV down to the threshold energy.