Search

Objective To evaluate the longitudinal relationship in insomnia symptoms over time with incident memory problems and dementia diagnoses among U.S. adults aged 65 years and older. Methods Secondary analyses were performed on 9518 elderly participants (≥65 years) who completed the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and were followed-up to determine if insomnia symptom scores (2006–2014) were associated with time-to-onset of [1] physician-diagnosed “memory-related disease”, “Alzheimer's disease” and/or “dementia, senility or any other serious memory impairment” and [2] diagnosis of dementia based on HRS-specific criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. Results In fully adjusted models, severe insomnia symptoms were associated with increased risk of physician-diagnosed memory problems. Individuals reporting any change (increase or decrease) in insomnia symptoms during the 2006–2010 period were more likely to be diagnosed with dementia based on HRS criteria. Finally, those who experienced an increase in the severity of insomnia symptoms over time exhibited 41–72% increased risks of physician-diagnosed memory problems and 45–58% increased risks of dementia diagnosis based on HRS criteria. Conclusions When severe insomnia symptoms increased over time, physician-diagnosed memory problems and dementia diagnoses also increased among U.S. elderly people over a 10-year follow-up period. More studies are required to confirm these findings using large prospective cohort designs and validated tools.

The mesoporous Co/KIT-6 catalysts with 10 wt% Co loading were prepared at different reduction temperatures. The physicochemical properties of the Co/KIT-6 catalysts were characterized by TEM, BET, XRD, XPS, and CO2-TPD, and the effect of reduction temperature on CO2 hydrogenation catalytic performance of Co/KIT-6 catalysts was studied. The results show that reduction temperature has a significant impact on the specific surface area, crystallinity and content of Co0 species, and CO2 adsorption performance of the prepared Co/KIT-6 catalysts. The low reduction temperature is not conduct to the reduction of CoOx, while the high reduction temperature lead to the increase of Co0 species crystallinity and the formation of Co2SiO4 and/or CosbndOsbndSi species which are unfavorable to the form Co0 species. The RT400 catalyst exhibits the highest Co0 species content and the best CO2 adsorption performance. Both the CO2 hydrogenation catalytic activity and CH4 selectivity of the Co/KIT-6 catalysts follow the order: RT400 > RT350 > RT450 > RT500 > RT550, with a small amount of by-product CO. At the reaction temperature of 340 °C, the CO2 reaction rate (CO2 conversion) of the RT400 catalyst can reach 2.98 × 10−5 mol/gcat/s (40%), the CH4 and CO selectivity are 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively.

The sex-determining region Y-box 7 (Sox7) is a member of high mobility group (HMG) transcription factor family, essential for embryonic development and endoderm differentiation. Deregulation of Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of colorectal cancer. Our results showed that the expression level of SOX7 was frequently down-regulated in human colorectal cancer cell lines and in primary colorectal tumor tissues, and the SOX7 silencing was partially due to the aberrant DNA methylation of the gene. Restoration of SOX7 induced colorectal cancer cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. In addition, SOX7 efficiently suppressed beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity.

Although the Hippocratic Oath set ethical standards for the practice of medicine in the late fifth century BC, the systematic implementation of bioethics is a recent phenomenon. In the United States, bioethics emerged in response to scandal and uncertainty, and JCAHO mandated the formation of hospital ethics committees (HEC) in 1992. For the critical care physician, the HEC can prove an invaluable resource, helping to balance the role of cutting-edge technology with a patient and society’s values. Critical care medicine is the lifeblood of bioethics. This talk will address the history of the HEC, its value, and use to the critical care physician, practical approaches, and intrinsic flaws of the system. For instance, currently, JCAHO does not stipulate the qualifications for HEC membership. Methods: 1. Literature search. 2. Interviews with critical care physicians and members of the HEC at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. 3. Project supervision by Dr. David Kaufman, surgical intensive care unit director at the University of Rochester Medical Center.