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The endovascular perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a large variation in outcomes. This may reflect differences in the SAH size.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 24h after endovascular perforation in adult male (n=58) and female (n=58) rats. Rats were divided into five grades according to MRI characteristics: grade 0: no SAH or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH); grade 1: minimal or thin SAH without IVH; grade 2: minimal or thin SAH with IVH; grade 3: thick SAH without IVH; grade 4: thick SAH with IVH. We investigated whether MRI grading scale reflected severity of SAH (determined post mortem) and neurological score.There was a strong correlation between MRI grading scale and current SAH grading scale (P0.01) and neurological score (P0.01) in male rats. In female rats, there was also a strong correlation between MRI grading scale and SAH grading scale (P0.01) but not with neurological score (P=0.24).The current grading system is based on the amount of SAH and needs animal euthanasia to evaluate SAH severity. There is no useful grading system to classify severity of SAH without decapitating animals.We demonstrated a correlation between the MRI grading scale and the current SAH grading scale in an endovascular perforation rat model. The MRI grading scale allows evaluation of SAH severity without euthanizing animals.

We have developed an infrared image sensor based on bolometers on a plastic substrate that is potentially ultra low-cost due to its simple structure consisting of mainly organic materials. The bolometer includes a thermal isolator made of a very low thermal conductive polymer (parylene) and a newly developed, highly sensitive (TCR

We theoretically examine a small current through double quantum dots with Pauli spin blockade, in which electrons cannot be transported without spin–flip or higher-order tunnel processes (cotunneling). Analytical expressions for the current are given in both cases of sequential tunneling and resonant tunneling between the quantum dots and leads. In the former case, the cotunneling weakens the spin blockade and increases a coherent component of the current. When the cotunneling can be disregarded, effective magnetic fields created by nuclear spins (Overhauser fields) can be detected by the observation of the current. In the case of resonant tunneling with Zeeman splitting in an external magnetic field ( ∼ 1 T ) , small Overhauser fields ( ∼ 5 mT ) could be detected by the fine tuning of the resonant condition.