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Purpose This study aimed to assess whether youth cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, testing, and diagnosis. Methods An online national survey of adolescents and young adults (n = 4,351) aged 13–24 years was conducted in May 2020. Multivariable logistic regression assessed relationships among COVID-19–related symptoms, testing, and diagnosis and cigarettes only, e-cigarettes only and dual use, sociodemographic factors, obesity, and complying with shelter-in-place. Results COVID-19 diagnosis was five times more likely among ever-users of e-cigarettes only (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82–13.96), seven times more likely among ever-dual-users (95% CI: 1.98–24.55), and 6.8 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 2.40–19.55). Testing was nine times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 5.43–15.47) and 2.6 times more likely among past 30-day e-cigarette only users (95% CI: 1.33–4.87). Symptoms were 4.7 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 3.07–7.16). Conclusions COVID-19 is associated with youth use of e-cigarettes only and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, suggesting the need for screening and education.

PURPOSE: Identify e-cigarette devices, brands, and flavor types used by adolescents and young adults soon after the enactment of flavor restrictions, youth access laws, FDA’s enforcement prioritization against some flavored pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes, and during COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures. METHODS: National cross-sectional online survey (N = 4,351) in May 2020 assessed popularity, ever- and past-30-day use of e-cigarette device types (pod/cartridge-based, disposables, others), brands, flavor types and flavor-enhancers, by age group (under age 21 and 21 and over). RESULTS: While pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes had the highest ever-use (82.7% 21, 46.2% ≥ 21), and sweet/dessert/candy flavor types (pod/cartridge-based: 24.4%

Aim To compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of four different zinc-oxide integrated root canal obturating materials. Materials and method 120 grossly decayed primary molars of children, aged 4 to 9 years were selected with signs or symptoms of irreversibly inflamed pulp tissue and randomly assigned to one of the four groups: zinc oxide eugenol, zinc oxide powder with 10% sodium fluoride, zinc oxide powder with Aloe vera, and Endoflas. Single sitting pulpectomy was carried out in all teeth and subsequently restored with a preformed crown in next sitting. Teeth were assessed clinically and radiographically for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months interval. Results 90 out of 120 treated molars completed 12-month evaluations. Overall clinical and radiographic success rates were highest for endoflas, followed by zinc oxide-sodium fluoride, zinc oxide-aloe vera and least for zinc oxide eugenol. However, no significant differences between success rates were observed amongst the four study groups (P>0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that the sodium fluoride and aloe vera may be considered as suitable alternative root canal obturating materials for primary teeth with low cost to achieve acceptable therapeutic results.

PURPOSE: This study examines sociodemographic patterns of exclusive/dual/polytobacco use among U.S. high school students using multiple national surveys. METHODS: Using three national youth surveys (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Wave 4 (2016-17), 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), and 2017 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS)) we classified tobacco products into four groups: 1) electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS); 2) conventional cigarettes (CCs); 3) other combustible tobacco products (OCTPs); and 4) smokeless tobacco products (STPs). We created 16 categories of non/exclusive/dual/polytobacco use within the past 30 days using the four product groups and calculated weighted prevalence by sex and race/ethnicity (all surveys) and parental education and income (PATH), based on variable availability. RESULTS: Results from 9,331, 12,407, and 9,699 high school students in PATH, YRBS, and NYTS, respectively, largely agreed and pointed to similar conclusions. ENDS was the most prevalent exclusive-use product (3.8-5.2% across surveys), with CCs falling to second or third (1.2-2.0% across surveys). By sex, exclusive, dual, and poly STP use were more common for males, while exclusive CC use was more common for females. By race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had a higher prevalence of exclusive ENDS use and ENDS/CC dual use than NH Blacks. As income and parental education levels increased from low to high, the prevalence of exclusive CC use decreased while the prevalence of exclusive ENDS use increased. CONCLUSION: Understanding sociodemographic patterns of tobacco use can help identify groups who may be at greater risk for tobacco-related health outcomes.