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For the welfare of self-development and the country's economic evolution, people invest their youth and money in different cultivation and sustainable production business sectors. The crops or fruits get all the attention for this purpose, but currently, the commercial cultivation of flowers is becoming a numerous beneficial investment. As a consequence, the rose(

Effective trust management can enhance nodes' cooperation in selecting trustworthy and optimal paths between the source and destination nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It allows the wireless nodes (WNs) in a MANET environment to deal with uncertainty about the future actions of other participants. The main challenges in MANETs are time-varying network architecture due to the mobility of WNs, the presence of attack-prone nodes, and extreme resource limitations. In this paper, an energy-aware and social trust inspired multidimensional trust management model is proposed to achieve enhanced quality of service (QoS) parameters by overcoming these challenges. The trust management model calculates the trust value of the WNs through peer to peer and link evaluations. Energy and social trust are utilized for peer to peer evaluation, while an optimal routing path with a small number of intermediate nodes with minimum acceptable trust value is used for evaluation of the link. Empirical analysis reveals that the proposed trust model is robust and accurate in comparison to the state-of-the-art model for MANETs.

Autism is a disability that obstructs the process of a person’s development. Autistic individuals find it extremely difficult to cope with the world’s pace, can not communicate properly, and unable to express their feelings appropriately. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) are used in several medical applications, and autistic individuals can be assisted using the proper use of automated systems. In this paper, some of the research works in the field of application of AI, ML, and IoT in autism were reviewed. State-of-the-art articles were collected and around 58 articles were selected which have significant contribution in this field. The selected research works were analyzed, represented, and compared. Finally, incorporation of the autism facilities in smart city environment is described, some research gaps and challenges were pointed out, and recommendations were provided for further research work.

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) technology has introduced a new flux to a whole gamut of application domains such as scientific exploration, commercial exploitation, underwater disaster prevention, etc. Such diversity of UWSN has gained prominence to the researchers quite fast and has marked this field of research as one of the emerging ones. With extensive researches conducted in this field, several design challenges have been experienced and explored by the network designers. Large propagation delay, low bandwidth, frequent loss of connectivity, variability of sound speed, limitation on source of energy, etc. are the key challenges, which are identified as necessary issues for establishing efficient and reliable UWSN. To address these issues, several MAC and routing protocols for UWSN have been proposed by the researchers during the last decade. In this review, the core design aspects for an ideal UWSN are identified which are energy-efficiency and reliability. These design aspects are evaluated in terms of energy consumption and communication efficiency - in order to provide an insight to the network designers on ideal design metrics. It is found that the protocols are highly selective, and the fitness of any protocol depends solely on the application and design requirements, which is addressed by this review. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview through comparison and simulation to analyze and summarize the MAC and routing protocols under concern.