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The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has played an unrivaled role in rendering the ever-growing advancements in remote healthcare and sensor informatics. The body-sensor devices employed in remote healthcare applications are not only resource-constrained but are also vulnerable to various security attacks. Hence, to pact with the energy limitations and security vulnerability of these body-sensor devices, in this paper, we suggest ESRO: An Energy-efficient and Secured Communication framework using recently proposed meta-heuristic approach, i.e., Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA). We employ a distributed cluster-based routing mechanism with the novel secured selection of Cluster Head (CH) using ROA. We ensure secured transmission using risky mode and risky mode. Extensive simulation of the ESRO demonstrates the supremacy of the proposed work over the existing techniques when evaluated on a benchmark of different performance metrics. ESRO not only preserves the energy but also ensures secured communication for IoMT.

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered as a promising candidate enabling technology for future green wireless communication. Such intelligent surfaces have real-time reconfigurable properties that beamform the signal to a desired destination. In this paper, our objective is to study the performance optimization in an IRS-assisted wireless network. An array of reflecting elements is individually configured in IRS system set up, which is installed between the source and the destination to assist the communication between both without any obstacle. IRS-assisted network achieves significant performance gain as compared to wireless networks without IRS. However, there are severe practical challenges with IRSs including hardware impairments, size of IRS, and distribution of reflecting elements in the IRS. To tackle these issues, we analyzed the performance of the network for maximum achievable rates, minimum transmit power, and maximum energy efficiency (EE). The selection of optimal number of reflecting elements in the IRS enables huge savings in energy to achieve target rate with minimal power. We show that by incorporating optimal number of reflecting elements in IRSs, high EE can be achieved, which outperforms the direct transmission method. Moreover, we show the impact of increasing the number of reflecting elements on the trade-off between EE and achievable rates.

One of the important members of Internet of Things (IoT); transportation vehicles are utilizing sudden advancements of communication technology. Now days, to make the Social IoT (SIoT) a reality there are many on-going world-wide research initiatives and standardization efforts. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an extension to the concept of SIoT that proposes Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV). SIoV is an example of SIoT, where Smart vehicles are the objects of SIoT that builds social relationship and interchanges information to enhance the driving knowledge and gives various services to the drivers. In this paper, the proposed Vehicular Social Networks based on the VIoT consist of a large number of sensors that transmit data wirelessly. However, the very high heterogeneity in hardware capabilities of things and QoS requirements for different applications limits the performance of classical layered protocol solutions and the existing cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks. The results show that the proposed VSNP (Vehicular Social Network Protocol) for VIoT based on WSN solution can achieve a global communication optimum and outperforms existing layered solutions. The novel cross-layer module is a primary step towards providing efficient traffic management and reliable vehicle to vehicle communication in the SIoT. We have proposed an algorithm to control traffic congestion and road safety for VIoT.

Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of smart projects by connecting heterogeneous devices and has accelerated the global growth by providing digital services to the users. The Smart City Project is very complex concept and has many hurdles in its way and many of the hurdles (Digitization services) can easily be solved by IoT. Urban IoT, is designed to support the future vision of smart cities which supported the new hybrid technologies and provide the value added services to the citizens. In this Urban IoT framework the first layer is Data Layer. In Data layer, sensor platform uses the optimized AODV-SPEED protocol (Hybrid Approach), proposed in this paper. Hybrid approach has shown improvement over delay, energy, miss ratio of the packet transmission and packet delivery rate over traditional SPEED protocol which is suitable for IoT applications. This article also identifies the framework, challenges and trends of Smart city IoT and use case for the smart street highlights the importance of proposed structure. Furthermore, Smart City projects are discussed to recognize the importance of IoT in smart cities and its future.

To explore the vast ocean, internet of underwater things has become the most attractive area of research. Underwater Smart things are deployed to facilitate the discovery of unexplored regions of ocean. Unique characteristics of underwater wireless sensor networks pose many constraints in transmission of data packets and energy efficient routing is one of them. Motivated by the significance of less costly energy efficient routing protocol, we propose energy efficient chain based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (E-CBCCP). While keeping in view the complex features of underwater dynamics, dynamic network topology and node mobility, energy of the cluster heads (CHs), relay nodes (RNs) and cluster coordinators (CCOs) has been considered during the transmission of data and role of the CHs, CCOs and RNs is changed after some time duration to maintain the load on the nodes. Distance based communication is based on the location aware nodes and can be used in monitoring domains during steady state but in dynamic state, location free communication is required therefore RN communication is based on hop to hop. Confidence level of the sensor nodes is computed to select the optimal RN and to improve the reliability. New prototype has shown the improvement over CARP a routing protocol in terms of data packets transmission and energy. Simulations in MATLAB validate our methodology which has decreased the communication cost of sensor nodes and hence prolonged the network lifetime.

Number of rounds versus number of dead nodes. This paper has presented the our new routing protocol with all results in QoS (Quality of service metrics) of WSN (Wireless Sensor Nodes) and it is compared with LEACH, SEP, genetic HCR and ERP routing protocols.This research is useful for densely deployed networks (Terrestrial, Environmental and Border surveillance applications).This paper presents the routing protocol in which data is transmitted thorough the CHs and CCOs for intra and inter cluster communication.Our research has optimized many parameters of sensor nodes as Energy, Time, Reliability, Throughput and scalability and results calculated in MATLAB validate our work. In this paper, we investigate the reduction in total transmission time and the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using multi-hop data aggregation by forming coordination in hierarchical clustering. Novel algorithm handles wireless sensor network in numerous circumstances as in large extent and high density deployments. One of the major purposes is to collect information from inaccessible areas by using factorization of the area into subareas (clusters) and appointing cluster head in each of the subarea. Coordination and cooperation among the local nodes via relay nodes in local cluster (By forming sub clusters) helped to serve each and every node. Routing is based on the predefined path, proposed by new transmission algorithm. Transmission distance is minimized by using cluster coordinators for inter cluster communication and relay nodes within the cluster. We show by extended simulations that Chain Based Cluster Cooperative Protocol (CBCCP) performs very well in terms of energy and time. To prove it, we compare it with LEACH, SEP, genetic HCR and ERP and found that new protocol consumes six times less energy than LEACH, five times less energy than SEP, four time less energy than genetic HCR and three times less energy than ERP, which further validate our work.