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We aimed to identify the sleep electroencephalography (EEG) spectral power correlates of the subjective-objective discrepancy (SOD) of sleep onset latency (SOL) in major depressive disorder (MDD), primary insomnia (PI), and normal sleeping control (NSC) groups. We examined relative power values in standard frequency bands of the EEG spectra during the first Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep period as correlates of SOD of SOL between sleep diary and polysomnography in MDD (n = 36), PI (n = 19), and NSC (n = 23) groups. We also compared the relative spectral power of sleep EEG among MDD (n = 40), PI (n = 19), and NSC (n = 23) groups. SOD of SOL in MDD patients was positively correlated with relative sigma (r = 0.622, p corrected 0.001), beta power (r = 0.559, p corrected = 0.002), and alpha power (r = 0.469, p corrected = 0.024) in the first NREM sleep period. There was no significant difference of sleep EEG power spectra among the three groups. SOD was positively correlated with high frequency EEG in MDD. High frequency EEG power is thought to be associated with hyperarousal and memory consolidation, and future larger-scale studies may further elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying SOD of sleep onset duration.

Background In contrast to the previous studies reporting that most suicides occur among people with mental disorders, recent studies have reported various rates of mental disorders in suicide in different geographical regions. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the factors influencing the variation in the prevalence of mental disorders reported among suicide victims. Method The authors searched Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify psychological autopsy studies reporting the prevalence of any mental disorders among suicide victims. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential effects of geographical regions, the year of publication, measurements of personality disorder, measurements of comorbidity, and the ratio of females on the prevalence of mental disorders in addition to examining the heterogeneity across studies. Results From 4475 potentially relevant studies, 48 studies met eligibility criteria, with 6626 suicide victims. The studies from East Asia had a significantly lower mean prevalence (69.6% [95% CI=56.8 to 80.0]) than those in North America (88.2% [95% CI=79.7–93.5]) and South Asia (90.4% [95% CI=71.8–97.2]). The prevalence of any mental disorder decreased according to the year of publication (coefficients=−0.0715, p Limitations Substantial heterogeneities were identified within all subgroup analyses. Conclusions The prevalence of mental disorders among suicide cases seemed relatively low in the East Asia region, and recently published studies tended to report a lower prevalence of mental disorders. The link between the risk factors and suicide in the absence of a mental disorder should be examined in different geographical and sociocultural contexts.

The neurobiological causes underlying suicidal behaviors in major depressive disorder (MDD) have not been identified. This study was performed to investigate the differences in brain cortical thickness, surface area, and volume between suicide attempters and non-attempters with MDD. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 38 MDD patients (18-65 years old; 18 male, 20 female) with and without a history of suicide attempts. FreeSurfer software was used to compare the cortical thickness, surface area, and volume of 19 suicide attempters with MDD and 19 suicide non-attempters with MDD, while controlling for age, sex, mean area (or volume), and severity of depression. Compared with suicide non-attempters, suicide attempters with MDD exhibited a larger surface area in the left postcentral area and left lateral occipital area and a larger cortical volume in the left postcentral area and left lateral orbitofrontal area. Suicide attempters exhibited a smaller surface area in the left superior frontal area than suicide non-attempters. The present findings provide evidence for neuroanatomical risk factors of suicide in MDD. Further research to replicate these results and determine the mechanisms underlying these findings is needed.

The current study aims to determine the associations of insufficient sleep with suicide attempts and self-injury in a large, school-based Korean adolescent sample.A sample of 4553 middle- and high-school students (grades 7–10) was recruited in this study. Finally, 4145 students completed self-report questionnaires including items on sleep duration (weekday/weekend), self-injury, suicide attempts during the past year, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).A multiple linear regression model showed that higher SIQ scores were associated with longer weekend catch-up sleep duration (p = 0.009), higher BDI score (p

Objective To investigate the differences in depressive mood and quality of life in patients with between functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and FD-IBS overlap as diagnosed based on Rome III criteria. Methods The subjects completed a questionnaire based on Rome III criteria, the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) including Cognitive Depression Index (CDI) for depressive mood evaluation and the 36-item Short Form general health survey (SF-36) for quality of life assessment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy were performed to exclude organic disease. Results Of 279 subjects, 70 and 124 subjects were diagnosed as FD and IBS, respectively. FD-IBS overlap patients ( n =42) and FD alone patients ( n =28) showed higher BDI scores than normal subjects ( n =127) ( P P =.02, respectively), whereas that of IBS alone patients ( n =82) did not show difference ( P =.17). All the SF-36 subscores of the FD-IBS overlap patients were significantly lower than normal subjects ( P Conclusions Depressive mood was significantly related to FD and FD-IBS overlap but not to IBS based on Rome III criteria. FD-IBS overlap patients have worse quality of life than FD-alone and IBS-alone patients.

Objective This study examined whether the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene Ala–9Val single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the severity of the abnormal involuntary movements in Korean schizophrenic patients. Method We investigated whether the MnSOD gene Ala–9Val SNP is associated with TD in Korean schizophrenic patients with ( n = 83) and without ( n = 126) TD who were matched for exposure to antipsychotics and other relevant variables. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that being older ( p = 0.026) was a risk factor for TD, but that there was no significant association between MnSOD gene and TD. Abnormal involuntary movements were more severe in carriers of the Ala allele than in noncarriers ( p = 0.044). Conclusion These findings do not support that the MnSOD gene Ala–9Val SNP is associated with TD in Korean schizophrenic patients. However, this polymorphism might be related to the severity of abnormal involuntary movements in this population.

Objective This study investigated whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) gene Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. Methods Genotyping was performed for the BDNF gene Val66Met SNP in Korean schizophrenic patients with ( n = 83) and without TD ( n = 126) who were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. Results The frequencies of genotypes ( χ 2 = 2.37, p = 0.306) and alleles ( χ 2 = 0.03, p = 0.867) did not differ significantly between these two groups. Conclusion These findings suggest that the BDNF polymorphism does not play a major role in the susceptibility to TD in schizophrenic patients.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to elucidate the clinical and temperamental differences between early- and late-onset alcoholism among Korean men and to ascertain the validity of Cloninger's typology model of alcoholism for Koreans. Methods: All of the subjects were screened after a detoxification period of at least 2 weeks using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I Disorders for diagnosing alcohol dependence and identifying psychiatric comorbidities. The Korean version of the tridimensional personality questionnaire was then administered to 173 male alcoholic inpatients; and information regarding their criminality, family history of alcoholism, and age at the onset of alcohol-related problems was gathered. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on the age at the onset of alcoholism: (1) early onset (n = 80), when they were up to 25 years old at the onset, and (2) late onset (n = 93), when they were older than 25 years at the onset. Results: Early-onset patients exhibited more criminality (χ2 = 15.45, df = 1, P < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93-7.65), suicide attempts (χ2 = 7.92, df = 1, P = .005, OR [95% CI] = 3.14 [1.38-7.15]), and family history of alcoholism (χ2 = 24.75, df = 1, P < .001, OR [95% CI] = 5.27 [2.67-10.37]). With regard to the tridimensional personality questionnaire profile, the early-onset patients exhibited a higher score of novelty seeking (t = 3.42, P = .001), with the difference still being significant after adjusting for age by analysis of covariance (using age as a covariate) (F = 5.928, P = .016). However, harm avoidance (t = −0.13, P = .89), reward dependence (t = −0.19, P = .85), and persistence (t = −0.62, P = .54) did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: There were several distinct clinical and temperamental differences between early- and late-onset alcoholism among Korean male alcoholic patients. It is suggested that the age at the onset of alcoholism can be used to discriminate alcoholic subtypes. Our data also partly support Cloninger's typology of 2 types of alcoholic individuals.