1. Machine learning-based discrimination of panic disorder from other anxiety disorders
- Author
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Seong-Jin Cho, Kyoung-Sae Na, and Seo-Eun Cho
- Subjects
Adult ,Support Vector Machine ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Logistic regression ,Machine Learning ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Heart rate variability ,Aged ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Panic disorder ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Support vector machine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sample size determination ,Quality of Life ,Panic Disorder ,Anxiety ,Artificial intelligence ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Anxiety disorder - Abstract
Backgrounds Panic disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that substantially impairs quality of life and psychosocial function. Panic disorder arises from neurobiological substrates and developmental factors that distinguish it from other anxiety disorders. Differential diagnosis between panic disorder and other anxiety disorders has only been conducted in terms of a phenomenological spectrum. Methods Through a machine learning-based approach with heart rate variability (HRV) as input, we aimed to build algorithms that can differentiate panic disorder from other anxiety disorders. Five algorithms were used: random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and regularized logistic regression (LR). 10-fold cross-validation with five repeats was used to build the final models. Results A total of 60 patients with panic disorder and 61 patients with other anxiety disorders (aged between 20 and 65 years) were recruited. The L1-regularized LR showed the best accuracy (0.784), followed by ANN (0.730), SVM (0.730), GBM (0.676), and finally RF (0.649). LR also had good performance in other measures, such as F1-score (0.790), specificity (0.737), sensitivity (0.833), and Matthews correlation coefficient (0.572). Limitations Cross-sectional design and limited sample size is limitations. Conclusion This study demonstrated that HRV can be used to differentiate panic disorder from other anxiety disorders. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal design are required to replicate the diagnostic utility of HRV in a machine learning approach.
- Published
- 2021