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GCNA proteins are expressed across eukarya in pluripotent cells and have conserved functions in fertility. GCNA homologs Spartan (DVC-1) and Wss1 resolve DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), including Topoisomerase-DNA adducts, during DNA replication. Here, we show that GCNA mutants in mouse and C. elegans display defects in genome maintenance including DNA damage, aberrant chromosome condensation, and crossover defects in mouse spermatocytes and spontaneous genomic rearrangements in C. elegans. We show that GCNA and topoisomerase II (TOP2) physically interact in both mice and worms and colocalize on condensed chromosomes during mitosis in C. elegans embryos. Moreover, C. elegans gcna-1 mutants are hypersensitive to TOP2 poison. Together, our findings support a model in which GCNA provides genome maintenance functions in the germline and may do so, in part, by promoting the resolution of TOP2 DPCs. DNA topoisomerases help unwind DNA but occasionally get trapped, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). DPCs damage DNA and threaten genomic integrity. Dokshin et al. find that GCNA protein family complements standard DPC processing machinery in resolving topoisomerase II DPCs to ensure heritable genome stability and germline immortality., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P40 OD010440)

This paper presents the optimal hybrid power system design including various configurations of renewable energy generation. To decide the optimal configuration of parameters a new multi-objective function with six separate objectives of hybrid renewable system is presented using GA, PSO, BFPSO and TLBO optimization techniques. The different parameters namely technical (LPSP, Renewable factor), economical (COE, Penalty & Fuel consumption) and social (Job creation, HDI & PM) features are investigated as objectives simultaneously for optimal design of hybrid system. The design consideration of hybrid system using a novel PM factor, human health impacts are directly shown whereas pollutant emission is measured in the hybrid system design. Based on the minimum value of multi-objective function optimal values are decided for objective indices. For optimal configuration including various combinations of wind, PV, diesel generator, biomass and battery bank, separate cases from I to VI of hybrid system are tested. Performance of TLBO is found to be better than BFPSO, PSO and GA as per the analysis of results for individual cases. Also the case I found to be the most efficient solution among all cases.

PV and wind hybrid are found to be the most lucrative solution for the diminishing traditional energy sources. Whereas these alternatives sources of the energy have many remarkable rewards like cost of energy and feasibility etc. The attributes of these sources of being cost effective and stable are possible due to their complementary nature as compared to independent energy systems. Therefore, these systems have admirable capability to meet energy crisis up to some extent. The proposed work gives the idea about various configuration, control strategy, techno-economic analysis and social effect. The findings of comprehensive review will help for further improvements in hybrid system design and control with respect to practical system implementation. This paper also presents a case study of remote area Barwani, India and results are compared using Homer and PSO. The resulting analysis reveals that configurations of hybrid system are the most techno-economical feasible solution concerning COE, renewable fraction, maximum renewable penetration, levelized cost, operating cost, mean electrical efficiency, and emission amongst various hybrid system configurations using PSO as compared to HOMER.

This paper presents the optimal planning of PV-Wind-Biomass hybrid energy system, which includes back up power sources as battery bank and diesel generator. The cost of energy (COE) or electricity price is minimized as objective function using GA and PSO. The optimal configuration of hybrid system is obtained on the basis of minimum COE. The optimal solution is consists with high reliability, maximum value of renewable fraction, less emission and low penalty cost according to minimum COE. The reliability is computed on the basis of loss of power supply probability (LPSP), which is assumed 2% maximum in this case study. This paper aim's to present the techno-economic feasibility of pv-wind-biomass hybrid energy system (HES) for a case study of remote area of barwani district, India. The optimization results are presented for load following and cycle charging strategy and also compared the results using GA and PSO optimization techniques.

In this paper, we stress upon rapid synthesis of irregular shape gold nanoparticles from a biological base. Treatment of macerated extracellular aqueous dried clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) solution with the aqueous gold salt solution yielded irregular shaped stable gold nanoparticles in the range of 5-100 nm. The synthesis and morphology of these gold nanoparticles are understood by UV (UV-vis spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) techniques. The formation of these bio-adsorbed gold nanoparticles is rapid as the reaction process completes within few minutes. The XRD (X-ray diffraction studies) and EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) show that the particles are crystalline in nature. This clean-green method of synthesis is performed under ambient conditions. Probable biochemical pathway of the synthesis is studied using FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy). It is observed that the freely water soluble flavonoids of clove buds are responsible for bioreduction. The possible applications viz., catalysis, sensor, diagnostics, biomedical imaging and photo thermal therapy of these functionalized noble metal nanoparticles are envisaged.

Headaches are amongst the most common symptoms experienced by the general population. Most are not life-threatening, but the symptoms may be distressing and the collective suffering caused even by 'harmless' tension headaches is considerable. Part of this suffering, for patient and doctor alike, is due to concern that the headache may indicate a serious intracranial abnormality, such as a brain tumour or haemorrhage. A second concern, peculiar to pregnancy, is that drugs taken to prevent or alleviate symptoms may cause fetal harm.

Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have each been used to study the dopamine system. Both pre- and post-synaptic structures have been examined. These in-vivo studies have been used to examine the effect of normal ageing on the dopamine system, and also the early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and the relationship between functional change and clinical symptomatology. Functional imaging is also beginning to influence our understanding of the management of these disabling conditions and has found a particular role in the assessment of patients undergoing CNS transplantation procedures.

We will present our recent model of protein thermodynamics to better understand the role of different forces in determining the origin of protein stability. A long standing question in the field of protein biochemistry has been how does a protein achieve enhanced stability. This has lead to careful thermodynamic studies of several thermophilic proteins to understand the origin of high stability in these proteins. However, conclusions have often been contradictory. Our recent model elucidates thermodynamics of these proteins and comparison of thermophilic and mesophilic protein thermodynamics indicates a possible general strategy that proteins may employ to gain high stability. Our analysis is based on several thermophilic and mesophilic proteins with different fold and sequence. We compare relative roles of enthalpy, entropy and specific heat in stability determination. Our model qualitatively explains experimental data and also provides an explanation for apparently conflicting findings from different experimental studies. Furthermore, we predict stability based on our model and demonstrate quantitative agreement with experimental data.