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In the medical field, Medical diagnosis using Computed tomography (CT) has become increasingly popular due to their non-invasive approach and quick overall turnaround time. 3D visualization for CT Colonography involves the assessment and diagnosis of a patient to find the presence of cancerous polyps in the colon, by taking a Computed Tomography scan of the patient, and evaluating the reports. This technique reduces evaluation time by allowing the doctors themselves to analyze the CT scans without the need for a radiologist to generate an initial report. This technique also avoids an invasive procedure on the patient. This paper gives the insightsof developing computer aided system for the detection of Polyps in CT Colonography images using the principles of Image Processing and the Deep Learning, specifically an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks using GoogleNet architecture and 3D reconstruction of the same. The accuracy achieved by the proposed system for region classification, region 1 polyp detection and region 2 polyp detection are 98.75%, 93.75% and 94.03% respectively, and their F1 Scores are 0.88, 0.82 and 0.84 respectively.

The Ni modified samples ZnFe2-xNixO4 with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.10 were synthesized using the sol-gel combustion method at 60 °C. The phase of obtained samples was determined using X-ray powder diffraction and found that it crystallized into a cubic spinel group. The lattice parameter of samples was decreased with increasing Ni concentration. However, the local symmetry of samples was explored using Raman spectroscopy. The presence of Raman band at 655 cm−1 was assigned to the vibration of Fe-O; found to be shifted towards higher wavenumber reconfirm the incorporation of Ni. The optical bandgap of the samples was determined using the Tauc plot and found to be in the range of 2.50 to 2.95 eV, which reflects the inorganic semiconducting nature of samples. Dielectric properties of samples were studied as a function of frequency and temperature show the presence of interfacial and orientational polarization in the sample. The resistivity of samples has been studied using Arrhenius model, and found three different regions of conduction within investigated temperature range. The first region assigned to the hopping of electron, while the second region to the hopping of polaron via the orientation of dipole ( 2 Ni Fe ' - 2 h . ) , or ( 2 Ni Fe ' - V o . . ) , and the third region assigned to migration of V o . . or e ' / h . . The conductivity of samples found in range of (0.85–8.95) S-cm−1 higher than conventional electrolytes used in IT-SOFCs. Based on these studies, the present materials can be used as a potential candidate for semiconductor devices and electrolytes in IT-SOFCs applications.

The (K0.90Li0.10) (Nb0.80Ta0.20)0.99Mn0.01O3 (KLTN) ceramic has been synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction route. The Rietveld refinement X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the single-phase orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Amm2. The frequency dependent electrical properties were examined by the complex dielectric and impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 30 °C–500 °C where multiple structural phase transition was observed with high dielectric constant, low tangent loss and well saturated electric polarization. The shifting of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature by 30 °C in heating and cooling mode suggests the irreversible motion of the domains and domain walls and significant effects on grain boundaries on structural phase transition temperature. A series of phase transitions from orthorhombic to tetragonal (∼190 °C) and tetragonal to Cubic (∼390 °C in cooling and 420 °C in heating) have been obtained in the wide range of temperature. The different type of analogy such as Modulus formalism, complex impedance spectra, frequency dependent conductivity, the activation energy of charge carriers has been used to understand the microstructure-electrical properties relation.

In the given paper, the main focus of this report is education. Student performance prediction is our main target. Various factors have been taken into account to create a model used for student performance prediction. This helps to analyze the student’s study environment so that his success rate increases in the field of studies. Our project makes use of various effective machine learning algorithms for creating the predictive model. Mainly, it is based on linear regression, decision trees, naive Bayes classification, K nearest neighbours (KNN), and some improvements carried out through feature engineering that modifies the data to make it easier in understanding for ML. Data sets containing students' information are arranged in a tabular format. The row represents the name of the student, while each column contains different details about the student such as his background of the family, sex, any information about medical reports, and age. An additional column contains the variable of success rate that the algorithm is trying to predict. The final report is evaluated through these algorithms in which a function outputs whether the student can be successful or not. “FEAT HUNCH – STUDENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTOR in ML” aims at connecting all the students and teachers in an institute.

The formulation of the paper tends to offer an inimitable safety system for women safekeeping employing their smartphones respectively. In existing scenario, everyone is having their personalized Android based smartphones with integrated feature. Subsequently, it was decided to endow with the amenities pertaining to women safety, employing the prevalent entity. Presently, women are playing vibrant part in the society. Very few organizations are left functioning, where women are not allied in some capacity. Their contribution for the expansion towards the nation is just corresponding to men's contribution. But it could be effortlessly visualized that in the last few years, crime against women have intensified with leaps and bounds. The heinous acts have had detrimental effect on the society, especially on women. Women have been the source of inspiration always and its high time for the society to give its due where it belongs by developing adept applications and tools to aid women safekeeping. If anyone is not feeling safe, then they must not lose patience and panic but act sturdily to exude confidence. If feasible, the concerned women should immediately call someone for help, who could be receiving the call at an adjacent milieu. The proposed work is intended in such a manner that the same could be accomplished in merely few seconds. The foremost advantage of the work is that everything could be accessed through WhatsApp, in case of no balance condition. Secondly, the application would work as a social community, where registered people could also take action over the situation where victims are in misfortune. If victim’s guardian, relatives or whosoever obtains the notification for help are incapable to receive the same due to some emergency, the victim could release a new message in the group of registered people under the application, so that people who are nearby could securely take them out of peril. The application possesses other attractive features also along with the pioneering one.

We report the effect of local electric field on the rate of photo-isomerization of azobenzene containing poly ethylene glycol-itaconate based side chain liquid crystalline polymer (PEGIA) in the ultra-thin film at air–water interface. The local electric fields were realised by adding polar polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) molecules in the PEGIA thin film. The ultra-thin film of PEGIA mixed with PVDF in different weight percentages were formed at air–water interface and are characterized using surface manometry technique. The rate constant of trans - cis photo-isomerization ( k 1 ) of azobenzene moieties in the presence of different amounts of PVDF were obtained from the surface pressure measurements. We find that the k 1 exponentially increases with the percentage composition of PVDF which can be attributed to the effect of electric field due to the dipole moment of the PVDF molecules. The change in the activation energy of the photo-isomerization as a function of percentage composition of PVDF is calculated.

Structural, magnetic and magneto-transport properties of nanocrystalline (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 have been investigated along with their electronic structures. Temperature dependent magnetization measurement shows different magnetic phases in different temperature regions. (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 completely transforms into a ferromagnet below 50 K. The temperature dependent resistivity measurement of (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 system displays semiconducting behavior up to 45 K under zero magnetic field. Application of 1 T magnetic field enforces semiconductor to metal transition around 65 K during cooling and around 115 K during warming. This shows that (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 still behaves as itinerant ferromagnet under applied magnetic field. X-ray photoemission spectra of Mn2p and Mn3s core-level confirm dual valence states of Mn (Mn3+ and Mn4+), which is responsible for the magnetic behavior of the (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 system. High-resolution ultraviolet photoemission spectra near Fermi-edge confirms the presence of finite electronic states at Fermi-level, which explains the observed low-temperature metallic behavior of the (La0.4Pr0.6)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 system.

For the first time, carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of plants and occluded carbon in phytoliths were analyzed from three locations of the middle (26.5°N, 80.3°E) and lower (22.3°N, 87.3°E and 22.9°N, 88.5°E) Gangetic Plain, India. The bulk δ13C values of C3 plants range from − 32.6 to − 19.2‰ with an average of − 29.6 ± 1.9‰ (n = 76, 1σ) and for C4 plants values range from − 16.6 to − 10.4‰, averaging at − 12.7 ± 1.4‰ (n = 45, 1σ). The measured average δ13C value of C3 plants is lower than globally reported dataset. Comparison of average δ13C values of C3 plants with mean annual precipitation (MAP) of the three locations show that lowering in δ13C value with increase in MAP. However, for C4 plants, increase in MAP resulted in higher δ13C values. These observations are similar with the earlier findings that the δ13C values in C3 plants are controlled by stomatal conductance and for C4 plants leakiness of carbon from bundle sheath cell played important role. The average δ13C value of C3 plants from the modern Gangetic Plain is lower compared to the observed δ13C value (~− 26‰) of bulk soil organic matter (SOM) derived from contemporary C3 plants in the lower and middle Siwalik (ancestral Gangeitc plain). The enriched value in Siwalik SOM likely indicates contribution from C4 plants. This implies early appearance (at 11 Ma) of C4 plants compared to previously reported timing. The δ13C values of occluded carbon in C3-derived phytoliths range from − 33.9 to − 24.5‰ with an average of − 29.0 ± 2.6‰ (n = 26, 1σ) and that for C4-derived phytoliths range from − 30.7 to − 21.4‰, averaging at − 26.1 ± 2.6‰ (n = 12, 1σ). Organic carbon (OC) concentrations in C3-phytoliths vary from 0.1 to 6.1%, averaging at 1.1 ± 1.3% (n = 26, 1σ) and in C4-phytoliths 0.1 to 3.8% with an average value of 1.1 ± 1.4% (n = 12, 1σ). Being protected from degradation, selective plantation with high OC in phytoliths will enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration.

Structural, transport and optical properties of nano-crystalline Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 have been investigated to emphasize on the semiconducting properties of charge-ordered manganite. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanoparticles show that due to increase in sintering temperature, MnO6 octahedra elongated along z-direction and compressed in x-y plane. Both Mn–O–Mn angles are found to decrease with increasing sintering temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements reveal that the stretching and bending vibration of Mn–O–Mn is responsible for the change in Mn–O–Mn bond length and bond angle respectively. With increasing sintering temperature, these vibrations tend to increase, which resulted in the further distortion of MnO6 octahedra. Magnetic measurements suggest that charge ordering is established and system becomes antiferromagnetic with increasing particle size. Resistivity behavior of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanoparticles clearly exhibit semiconducting nature of these systems, which is due to the formation of charge-ordered state of Mn3+ and Mn4+. Estimated optical band-gap of ∼3.7 eV for Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanocrystals, makes it a potential candidate for wide band-gap magnetic semiconductors.

A novel discotic core was constructed by fusing imidazole unit with well-known triphenylene discotic core. Two new imidazole fused unsymmetrically substituted triphenylene derivatives were prepared and characterized. While the molecular structures of the new compounds were verified by 1 H NMR, UV, MS and elemental analysis, their liquid crystalline properties were determined by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. These triphenylenoimidazole derivatives were found to exhibit hexagonal columnar mesomorphism over a wide temperature range.

A new class of 4β-N-polyaromatic substituted podophyllotoxin congeners have been synthesized and evaluated for their DNA topoisomerase-II (topo-II) inhibition as well as anticancer potential in some human cancer cell lines. The ease of synthesis and interesting biological activities make the present series of polyaromatic-podophyllotoxin congeners as a promising new structure for the development of new anticancer agents based on podophyllotoxin scaffold.

Six novel gemini imidazolium salts tethered with hexaalkoxytriphenylene moieties were prepared by quaternization of imidazole nitrogen with ω-bromo-substituted triphenylene derivatives. Their chemical structures were examined by 1 H NMR, IR, UV, MS, and elemental analyses. The mesomorphic properties of these discotic dimeric salts were investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies. These triphenylene-imidazole-based gemini dimers with bromide as counter ion were found to exhibit liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range and display ionic conductivity in the range of 10 −6 to 10 −5 S/m. These materials tend to form monolayer at the air–water interface.

Heterocyclic benzimidazole derivatives 3a-h, 5a-c and 7a-d have been synthesized by condensation of succinic acid (1) homophthalic acid (4) and 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxlic acid (6) with various substituted diamines under microwave irradiation in good yields. Structures assigned to 3a-h, 5a-c and 7a-d are fully supported by spectral data. All these compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. At a dose of 50 mg/kg p.o. compounds 3b (39.4%) and 3c (39.2%) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to standard ibuprofen which showed 39% activity at 50 mg/kg p.o. and compound 7c exhibit good anticancer activity against ovary (IGR-OV-1), breast (MCF-7) and CNS(SF-295) human cancer cell lines.

Heterocyclic amidine derivatives have been synthesized by condensation of 2-cyanopyrazine, 4-cyanopyridine and 2-cyanopyridine with furfurylamine, histamine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, 4-picolylamine, 2-picolylamine, and tryptamine respectively, in the presence of sodium methoxide as well as via microwave irradiation in good yields. All these compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. At a dose of 50 mg/kg p.o. compounds 3a (36.6%), 3d (32%), 4d (31.0%) and 4e (33.8%) exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to standard drug ibuprofen which showed 39% activity at 50 mg/kg p.o.

We investigated the apoptosis inducing effect of essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Ocimumviride in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (COLO 205 cell line). The COLO 205 cells were exposed to 0.0125-0.1 microl/ml of EO for 24, 48 and 72h. Growth inhibition was determined by sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Double staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide for nuclear changes was performed. Cell cycle analysis and change in mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by flow cytometry. Subsequently, using annexin V/PI assay, the proportion of cells actively undergoing apoptosis was determined. Changes in DNA were observed by DNA ladder assay. Eventually the surface morphology of apoptotic cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy. EO is cytotoxic to COLO 205 cells in dose and time-dependent manner, as is evident by SRB assay. This observed cell death was due to apoptosis, as established by annexin V/PI assay, DNA ladder formation and scanning electron microscopy. Our results reveal that EO has apoptosis inducing effect against COLO 205 cells in vitro and is a promising candidate for further anti-cancer study.

A number of N-substituted cyclic imides 3a-e, 5a-e, 7a-d, and 9a-e have been synthesized in very high yields, by condensation of various diacids 2, 4, 6, and 8 with different amines under microwave irradiation. These compounds were screened for anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and compounds 3c, 3e, 5c, 9c, and 9d exhibited anticancer activity against colon (COLO 205) cancer better than 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C, and compound 9b exhibited anti-inflammatory activity better than standard drug phenyl butazone.

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 5-aryl-7,11,11-trimethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0 3,6 ]-undec-1-en-4-ones 4a – h by H 2 O 2 and formic acid in methanol yields mixtures of 3b,7,7-trimethyl-3-phenyl-3,3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydro-1 H -indeno-[1,2-c]furan-1-ones 8a – h and 3b,7,7-trimethyl-3-phenyl-3,3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydro-1 H -indeno-[1,2-c]furan-2-ones 9a – h in high yields. The obtained butyrolactones 8a – h display cytotoxic activity against a number of human cancer cells.