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An anti-scatter grid is often used in X-ray radiography to reduce the scattered X-rays generated from the patient. However, the presence of a grid means the patient dose subsequently increases. Recently,severalmanufacturers have developedsoftwarethat is capable of correctingfor scattered X-rays withouttheuse ofa conventional grid. This scoping review aims to systematically map the research assessing scattering correction software and to identify any existing knowledge gaps.This scoping review involved conducting a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science to reveal studies that were relevant to the research question. Articles published between 01.01.2000 and 31.12.2021 examining X-ray scatter correction software for X-ray imaging were included. A part of the PRISMA model and PICO framework were utilised to establish eligibility criteria. A structured summary table was utilised to extract data from the selected articles.In this scoping review, 20 years of literature in X-ray conventional radiography. 11 articles were included in the data synthesis. The study populations of the included studies were varied: patients, image quality phantoms and anatomical phantoms. The clinical applications of X-ray scatter correction software were found to be limited to specific body parts (cervical spine, chest, shoulder, lumbar spine, hip and pelvis). The scatter correction software appears to be effective in terms of image quality and in reducing the radiation dose. However, the conventional grid still provides a higher image quality.X-ray scatter correction software can be effective and provides potentialbenefits for some circumstances or clinical scenarios.

Anterior choroidal artery (AChA) strokes have a varied pattern of tissue injury, prognosis, and clinical outcome. It is unclear whether perfusion deficit in AChA stroke is associated with the clinical outcome. This study aims to determine the frequency of perfusion abnormalities in AChA stroke and association with clinical outcome.The study cohort was derived from ischemic stroke patients admitted to 2 stroke centers between July 2001 and July 2014. All patients received an acute magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Patients with ischemic stroke restricted to the AChA territory were included in the study. Lesion size was measured as the largest diameter on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) or apparent diffusion coefficient and divided into 2 groups (20 mm or ≥20 mm). Group comparisons were performed among patients with and without perfusion abnormalities and based on diffusion diameter. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as discharge to home.A total of 120 patients were included in the study. Perfusion deficits were identified in 67% of patients. The admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was higher in patients with perfusion abnormalities (P = .027). Diameter lesion size on DWI was larger among patients with a perfusion deficit median [interquartile range], 1.63 [1.3-2.0], as compared with those without, 1.18 [1.0-1.7], P .0001. Patients with a perfusion deficit were less likely to be discharged to home than those without (36% versus 60%, P = .013).Two thirds of patients with an AChA stroke have a perfusion deficit on MRI, higher admission NIHSS, and larger DWI lesion size at presentation.

This study examines special educators’ perspectives on the relationships between schools and businesses concerning the practices used to prepare students with disabilities for work. Based on a review of the literature, we developed a survey to investigate whether teachers believe that such partnerships prepare students with disabilities for working life after graduating. A total of 73 special educators participated in the survey, which assessed teachers’ perspectives toward (a) transition planning; (b) transition assessment; (c) types of skills they provide for students with disabilities during school; (d) currently implemented transition practices; and (e) partnerships and collaboration between schools and employers. The findings revealed that special educators believe their schools have adequate practices that support partnerships with businesses, specifically because they implement the best transition practices in planning, assessment, and needed skills provisions and work together to facilitate the transition to employment for students with disabilities. Most stated that these partnerships allow their students to participate in volunteering, employment training, career exposure, and internships. Students also learn social, communication, and personal skills (e.g., self-advocacy, self-determination, and self-management) that help them become successful in their personal and professional lives. Given these findings, we discuss implications for practice and research.

The purpose of this study is to examine family perspectives and the expectations of students with disabilities regarding the school-business partnership in order to prepare students with disabilities for post-school employment. Special education, especially providing transition services, in Saudi Arabia is still in its development stage. This study is a descriptive presentation of survey research regarding community-based partnerships in early employment. The researchers of this study have developed the survey used based on a review of the literature in order to investigate targeted skills by schools, current school and community practices, partnerships, and collaboration between schools, families, and community agencies. A total of 92 families with students with disabilities in middle and high schools participated. Based on the results, the majority of families believe that there is some level of communication between them the school staff and between schools and business owners. However, they did not think that the community provides enough opportunities for their children to have vocational training, work sampling, job shadowing, internships, and real work experiences. Additionally, most families had a negative perspective toward community involvement during the transition planning and process, and businesses assistance with curriculum development and modifications. Implications for practice and research were also discussed.

In toxicology literature, snake bites were the second toxicology-relevant cause mimicking brain death. A 57-year-old woman with history of cobra snake bite. On examination, the brain stem reflexes were absent with Glasgow coma score of 3. The patient accomplished full neurological recovery after using a novel combination of Polyvalent Snake Antivenom (PSA) and anticholinesterases. This case highlights a unique presentation of cobra bite induced brain death mimicking. Thus, intensivist should exclude neuroparalytic effect of snakebite before considering withdrawal of ventilatory support or organ donation. Also, the life-threatening presentation of cobra envenomation mandates the use of higher doses of PSA to reverse the neuroparalytic toxicity. We should consider the rule of anticholinesterase as an adjunctive therapy to PSA in severe cobra envenomation.